S. AURELII AUGUSTINI HIPPONENSIS EPISCOPI EPISTOLAE SECUNDUM ORDINEM TEMPORUM NUNC PRIMUM DISPOSITAE, ET QUATUOR IN CLASSES DIGESTAE

 EPISTOLA II . Zenobio desiderium exponit suum, ut disputationem inter se coeptam, inter se finiant.

 EPISTOLA III . Nebridio respondet Augustinus immerito se ab ipso vocari beatum, qui tam multa ignoret. Qua in re sita sit vera beatitudo.

 EPISTOLA IV . Augustinus Nebridio, significans ei quantum profecerit in secessu, contemplatione rerum aeternarum.

 EPISTOLA V . Augustinum Nebridius deplorat, quod nimium interpelletur civium negotiis ab otio contemplationis.

 EPISTOLA VI . Scribit Nebridius videri sibi memoriam sine phantasia esse non posse tum etiam phantasiae vim non a sensu, sed a se potius imagines rer

 EPISTOLA VII . Augustinus quaestionem utramque a Nebridio motam discutit. Memoriam sine phantasia esse posse. Animam sensibus non usam carere phantasi

 EPISTOLA VIII . Quanam coelestium potestatum in animam actione fiat, ut imagines ac somnia dormienti subrepant.

 EPISTOLA IX . Quaestioni de somniis per superiores potestates immissis respondet.

 EPISTOLA X . De convictu cum Nebridio et secessione a mundanarum rerum tumultu.

 EPISTOLA XI . Cur hominis susceptio Filio soli tribuitur, cum divinae personae sint inseparabiles.

 EPISTOLA XII . Quaestionem in superiore epistola perstrictam iterum tractandam suscipit.

 EPISTOLA XIII . Quaestionem de animae quodam corpore, ad se nihil pertinentem, rogat dimittant.

 EPISTOLA XIV . Quare sol non idem praestat quod caetera sidera. Veritas summa an hominis cujusque rationem contineat.

 EPISTOLA XV. Significat scriptum a se opusculum de religione, transmittendum Romaniano, quem hortatur ut otium datum bene collocet.

 EPISTOLA XVI. Maximus grammaticus Madaurensis Augustino, excusans a Paganis unum Deum variis nominibus coli, indignans mortuos homines Gentium diis pr

 EPISTOLA XVII . Augustinus Maximo grammatico respondet ad superiora, sed sic ut ostendat indigna quibus respondeatur, digna quae rideantur.

 EPISTOLA XVIII . Naturarum genus triplex perstringitur.

 EPISTOLA XIX . Gaio, quem forte disputatione traxerat ad Ecclesiam, mittit suos libros legendos, adhortans ut perseveret in bono proposito.

 EPISTOLA XX . Antonino pro existimatione bona ac dilectione sibi impensa gratias refert Augustinus, optatque ut familia ipsius tota catholicam religio

 EPISTOLA XXI . Augustinus in presbyterum Hipponensem ordinatus, praesertim ad dispensandum verbum Dei, secumque reputans quam difficile sit sacerdotem

 EPISTOLA XXII . Augustinus presbyter, Aurelio Carthaginensi episcopo, deflens comessationes et ebrietates per Africam in coemeteriis et memoriis marty

 EPISTOLA XXIII . Augustinus Maximino episcopo donatistae, qui diaconum catholicum rebaptizasse dicebatur, ut aut fateatur factum, aut profiteatur se o

 EPISTOLA XXIV . Paulinus Alypio episcopo de libris Augustini quos recepit, excusans quod serius miserit ad illum Eusebii Chronica. Cupit edoceri de ge

 EPISTOLA XXV . Paulinus Augustino, exquisitis eum laudibus exornans pro quinque ejus adversus Manichaeos libris, quos ab Alypio acceperat. Panem ipsi

 EPISTOLA XXVI . Augustinus Licentium juvenem nobilem et doctum, quondam ipsius discipulum, hortatur ad mundi contemptum, abutens ad hoc ipsius Licenti

 EPISTOLA XXVII. Augustinus Paulino, amplectens illius benevolentiam, et mutuum declarans amorem: nonnulla de Romaniano et Alypio, nec non de Licentio,

 EPISTOLA XXVIII . Augustinus Hieronymo, de nova post LXX Veteris Testamenti versione deque Petro reprehenso a Paulo ad Galat. II, expostulans de susc

 EPISTOLA XXIX. Augustinus presbyter, Alypio Thagastensi episcopo, narrans quibus adhortationibus obtinuerit demum ut Hipponenses catholici abhorrerent

 EPISTOLA XXX . Paulinus Augustino, non recepto ab eo responso, denuo per alios scribit.

 SECUNDA CLASSIS. Epistolae quas Augustinus jam episcopus, ante collationem Carthaginensem cum Donatistis habitam, et ante detectam in Africa Pelagii h

 EPISTOLA XXXII . Paulinus Romaniano, gratulans Ecclesiae Hipponensi quod Augustinum meruit episcopi collegam. Licentium, pro quo scripserat Augustinus

 EPISTOLA XXXIII. Augustinus Proculeiano partis donatianae apud Hipponem episcopo, invitans illum ut mutua collatione schisma componatur.

 EPISTOLA XXXIV . De juvene, qui matrem caedere solitus, demum et mortem minatus transiit ad Donatistas, ab iisque iterato baptizatus est. Quod an Proc

 EPISTOLA XXXV . Rursus interpellat Eusebium, ut clericorum donatistarum licentiam curet coercendam per Proculeianum episcopum: alioquin ut de se nullu

 EPISTOLA XXXVI . Augustinus Casulano presbytero, refellens Urbici, id est cujusdam e Romana urbe, dissertationem pro sabbati jejunio, scriptam perquam

 EPISTOLA XXXVII . Gratulatur sibi Augustinus litterarias suas lucubrationes legi et approbari a Simpliciano ejusque censurae subjicit tum caeteros su

 EPISTOLA XXXVIII . Augustinus Profuturo, de toleranda adversa valetudine de morte Megalii, et de cohibenda ira.

 EPISTOLA XXXIX . Hieronymus Augustino, commendans illi Praesidium, et salvere jubens Alypium.

 EPISTOLA XL . Augustinus Hieronymo de titulo vulgati ab ipso libri de Scriptoribus ecclesiasticis: tum de Petro reprehenso non mendaciter a Paulo, de

 EPISTOLA XLI . Alypius et Augustinus Aurelio gratulantes de sermonibus quos presbyteri praesente ipso ad populum habere coeperant, ipsumque rogantes u

 EPISTOLA XLII . Augustinus Paulino, flagitans ut litterarum debitum amplius anno integro non redditum exsolvat, mittatque sibi opus adversus Paganos,

 EPISTOLA XLIII . Quanta impudentia Donatistae persistant in suo schismate, tot judiciis convicti.

 EPISTOLA XLIV . Augustinus refert quae coepta sint agi de concordia cum Fortunio Donatistarum episcopo, cupiens ut sine tumultu, quod placide coeptum

 EPISTOLA XLV . Augustinus Paulino, rogans ut demum rescribat post biennii silentium, mittatque sibi opus contra Paganos, quod ab ipso elaborari dudum

 EPISTOLA XLVI . Publicola Augustino proponit multas quaestiones.

 EPISTOLA XLVII . Augustinus Publicolae dissolvit aliquot ex propositis quaestionibus.

 EPISTOLA XLVIII . Augustinus Eudoxio abbati monachorum insulae Caprariae, exhortans ut otio ad pietatem, non ad ignaviam utantur, et sicubi Ecclesia r

 EPISTOLA XLIX . Augustinus Honorato Donatianae partis, ut per litteras placide reddat rationem quomodo nomen Ecclesiae, quae utique in toto orbe futur

 EPISTOLA L . Augustinus Suffectanis expostulans de LX Christianorum nece, pollicensque suum illis reddendum Herculem.

 EPISTOLA LI . Augustinus Crispinum Calamensem Donatianae partis episcopum urget propositis breviter aliquod argumentis, ad ea si potest respondeat per

 EPISTOLA LII . Augustinus Severino consanguineo suo donatistae, ut deserat schisma scelestum et impudens.

 EPISTOLA LIII . Confutatur epistola presbyteri cujusdam donatistae qui Generosum catholicum Constantinensem seducere moliebatur, simulans ab angelo se

 AD INQUISITIONES JANUARII LIBER PRIMUS, SEU EPISTOLA LIV . Augustinus Januario respondet, docens quid agendum sit in iis in quibus regionum aut Eccles

 AD INQUISITIONES JANUARII LIBER SECUNDUS, SEU EPISTOLA LV . De ritibus Ecclesiae, vel iis quos negligi nefas est, vel us qui tollendi sunt, si citra m

 EPISTOLA LVI . Augustinus ad Celerem, jubens eum Litterarum sacrarum studio incumbere, ut discat hanc vitam collatione aeternae esse fumum et Donatis

 EPISTOLA LVII . Augustinus, libro quodam suo in eam rem conscripto, Celerem instruxerat, mera levitate Donatistas se ab Ecclesia catholica segregasse:

 EPISTOLA LVIII . Augustinus Pammachio viro senatori gratulatur, quod suos apud Numidiam colonos donatistas adhortationibus suis adduxerit ad Ecclesiam

 EPISTOLA LIX . Augustinus Victorino concilium convocanti, excusatoria, quare ad concilium non venturus sit: rogans ut prius cum Xantippo super jure pr

 EPISTOLA LX . Augustinus Aurelio significat Donatum et ipsius fratrem se venitente recessisse de monasterio: porro et monachis facilem lapsum, et ordi

 EPISTOLA LXI . Augustinus Theodoro ut prolata hac epistola fidem faciat clericos ex parte Donati venientes ad Ecclesiam catholicam, in suo ipsorum ord

 EPISTOLA LXII . Alypius, Augustinus et Samsucius Severo, excusantes quae in Timothei negotio gesta sunt.

 EPISTOLA LXIII . Rursum de Timotheo qui postquam jurasset se a Severo non recessurum, ordinatus fuerat subdiaconus apud Subsanam in dioecesi Hipponens

 EPISTOLA LXIV . Augustinus Quintiano, ipsum ad patientiam adhortans et Aurelio episcopo reconciliatum cupiens, agensque de Privatione quem ille suae E

 EPISTOLA LXV . Augustinus Xantippo Numidiae primati, rationem reddens cur Abundantio presbytero infami Ecclesiam committere noluerit.

 EPISTOLA LXVI . Expostulat cum Crispino Calamensi, qui Mappalienses metu subactos rebaptizarat.

 EPISTOLA LXVII . Augustinus Hieronymo: negans se scripsisse librum in eum in hoc falsus, quod aliquis prolixam epistolam librum appellasset.

 EPISTOLA LXVIII . Hieronymus Augustino, jam accepta epistola quae continet quaestionem de mendacio officioso, sed dubitans etiamnum an sit Augustini,

 EPISTOLA LXIX . Alypius et Augustinus Castorio, ipsum hortantes ut in episcopatu Vaginensis Ecclesiae Maximiano fratri suo gloriose cedenti succedat.

 EPISTOLA LXX . Donatistarum Catholicos traditionis insimulantium temeritas prodit sese in causa Feliciani ab ipsis primum solemniter damnati, ac poste

 EPISTOLA LXXI . Augustinus Hieronymo, dehortans a libris Testamenti veteris ex hebraeo vertendis, et exhortans ut Septuaginta versionem mire depravata

 EPISTOLA LXXII . Hieronymus Augustino expostulans de illius epistola per Italiam sparsa, qua taxabatur locus non recte expositus in Epistola ad Galata

 EPISTOLA LXXIII . Hieronymum litteris suis nonnihil offensum demulcere studet Augustinus. Apologiam illius contra Ruffinum accepisse se testatur, depl

 EPISTOLA LXXIV . Augustinus Praesidium rogat ut superiorem epistolam curet Hieronymo reddendam, utque sibi eumdem suis etiam litteris placet.

 EPISTOLA LXXV . Respondet tandem Hieronymus ad Augustini quaestiones propositas in Epist. 28, 40 et 71, scilicet de titulo libri ecclesiasticos script

 EPISTOLA LXXVI . Sub persona Ecclesiae catholicae cohortatur omnes Donatistas, ut resipiscentes redeant ad catholicam communionem.

 EPISTOLA LXXVII . Augustinus Felici et Hilarino, ut ne perturbentur obortis in Ecclesia scandalis. Porro de Bonifacio, qui in nullo apud se crimine de

 EPISTOLA LXXVIII . Quidam e monasterio Augustini Spes nomine, accusatus a Bonifacio presbytero, crimen in Bonifacium ipsum transtulit. Cum res evident

 EPISTOLA LXXIX . Augustini episcopi ad presbyterum quemdam Manichaeum, denuntians ut solvat quaestionem in qua praecessor ejus Fortunatus defecerat, v

 EPISTOLA LXXX . Cupit explicari liquidius a Paulino, quonam modo voluntatem Dei, quae nostrae praeferenda est, nosse possimus.

 EPISTOLA LXXXI . Hieronymus Augustino, excusans quod ipsius litteris responderit liberius Epistola 75, rogansque ut, omissis contentiosis quaestionibu

 EPISTOLA LXXXII . Receptis ab Hieronymo superioribus Epistolis 72, 75 et 81, rescribit accuratius Augustinus de interpretatione loci Epistolae ad Gala

 EPISTOLA LXXXIII Augustinus Alypio significans aliam se de bonis, quae fuerunt Honorati ex Thagastensi monacho presbyteri Thiavensis, iniisse sententi

 EPISTOLA LXXXIV . Novato episcopo Augustinus, excusans quod ad ipsum non mittat germanum ipsius Lucillum diaconum, quo latinae linguae perito carere n

 EPISTOLA LXXXV . Augustinus Paulum quemdam episcopum objurgat, qui Ecclesiam levitate sua graviter offendebat, ut ad frugem et episcopo dignam vitam r

 EPISTOLA LXXXVI . Augustinus Caeciliano praesidi, ut suo edicto Donatistas in regione Hipponensi et in vicinis locis coerceat.

 EPISTOLA LXXXVII . Augustinus Emerito donatistae, adhortans ut attendat et respondeat, qua justa causa schisma moverint.

 EPISTOLA LXXXVIII . Clerici Hipponenses catholici ad Januarium episcopum donatistam, expostulantes de Circumcellionum saevitia in Catholicos. Stilus e

 EPISTOLA LXXXIX . Augustinus Festo, docens recte legibus reprimi Donatistas et indicans in regione Hipponensi nondum eos Festi litteris correctos, se

 EPISTOLA XC . Augustino Nectarius paganus, agens ut suis civibus coloniae Calamensis condonentur quae expetendae erant ab ipsis poenae, non modo viola

 EPISTOLA XCI . Invehitur Augustinus in Paganorum sacra, et injurias Christianis recens illatas a Calamensibus enumerat ostendens ipsorum saluti benig

 EPISTOLA XCII . Augustinus Italicae viduae, consolans illam super obitu mariti, ac refellens eorum opinionem qui dicebant Deum videri oculis corporeis

 EPISTOLA XCIII . Augustinus Vincentii e schismate Rogatiano episcopi Cartennensis epistolam refellens, dicit visum sibi fuisse aliquando, non vi cum h

 EPISTOLA XCIV . Paulinus Augustino gratias agens pro libro vel epistola ab ipso recepta, prosequitur laudes Melaniae senioris, et unici ejus filii Pub

 EPISTOLA XCV . Augustinus superiori epistolae respondens agit de praesentis vitae statu, necnon de qualitate corporis beatorum, deque membrorum offici

 EPISTOLA XCVI . Augustinus Olympio, quem audierat provectum recens ad novam dignitatem (scilicet Magistri officiorum, quod ipsi munus post Stilichonis

 EPISTOLA XCVII . Augustinus Olympio, ut tueatur leges de confringendis idolis et haereticis corrigendis, quae vivo Stilichone missae sunt in Africam

 EPISTOLA XCVIII . Augustinus Bonifacio episcopo, respondens qui fiat ut infantibus in Baptismo prosit parentum fides, cum post Baptismum non noceat il

 EPISTOLA XCIX . Ex Romanorum calamitate susceptum animo dolore commiserationemque significat.

 EPISTOLA C . Augustinus Donato proconsuli Africae, ut Donatistas coerceat, non occidat.

 EPISTOLA CI . Augustinus Memorio episcopo libros ipsius de Musica flagitanti, sextum librum mittit, et caeteros si repererit, mittendos pollicetur ea

 SEX QUAESTIONES CONTRA PAGANOS EXPOSITAE, LIBER UNUS, SEU EPISTOLA CII .

 EPISTOLA CIII . Nectario petenti veniam tribui civibus suis rescripserat Augustinus in Epist. 97, non decere christianam benevolentiam, ut insigne ill

 EPISTOLA CIV . Ad superioris epistolae capita singula respondet Augustinus id praeter alia refellens, quod ex Stoicorum placito Nectarius induxerat,

 EPISTOLA CV . Donatistas ad unitatem exhortans, ostendit leges juste necessarioque in eos latas fuisse ab imperatoribus catholicis. Baptismi sanctitat

 EPISTOLA CVI . Augustinus Macrobio donatianae partis apud Hipponem, uti ex epistola 108 intelligitur, episcopo, agens ne subdiaconum quemdam rebaptize

 EPISTOLA CVII . Maximus et Theodorus Augustino renuntiantes quid ipsis coram responderit Macrobius ad ipsius litteras.

 EPISTOLA CVIII . Agit de non iterando Baptismo, coarguens Donatistarum hac in re contumaciam quippe qui Maximianensium baptisma ratum habuerunt. Evin

 EPISTOLA CIX. Severus, Milevitanus antistes, maximam delectationem fructumque ex Augustini lectione capere se profitetur, summis laudibus ipsum effere

 EPISTOLA CX . Augustinus Severo episcopo, blandissime expostulans et quaerens se ab ipso tantopere laudatum in superiore epistola.

 EPISTOLA CXI . Augustinus Victoriano presbytero, consolans eum ad toleranter accipienda mala quae barbari, in Italiam et Hispaniam incursionem facient

 EPISTOLA CXII . Donatum exproconsulem hortatur ut abjecto omni fastu sectetur Christum, atque ad Ecclesiae catholicae communionem suos alliciat.

 EPISTOLA CXIII . Cresconium rogat Augustinus ut suae pro Faventio petitionis adjutor sit.

 EPISTOLA CXIV . Ad Florentinum super eadem causa Faventii.

 EPISTOLA CXV . Ad Fortunatum Cirtensem episcopum, de eadem re.

 EPISTOLA CXVI . Generoso Numidiae Consulari Augustinus commendans causam Faventii.

 EPISTOLA CXVII . Dioscorus ad Augustinum mittit multas quaestiones ex libris Ciceronis, rogans ut mature ad eas respondeat.

 EPISTOLA CXVIII . Augustinus Dioscoro respondet ejusmodi quaestiones nec decore tractari ab episcopo, nec utiliter disci a christiano. Disputat de stu

 EPISTOLA CXIX . Consentius Augustino proponit quaestiones de Trinitate.

 EPISTOLA CXX . Consentio ad quaestiones de Trinitate sibi propositas.

 EPISTOLA CXXI . Paulinus Nolensis episcopus Augustino proponit quaestiones aliquot, primum de Psalmis, tum de Apostolo, et ad extremum de Evangelio.

 EPISTOLA CXXII . Augustinus clero et populo Hipponensi excusat absentiam suam, adhortans ut in sublevandis pauperibus solito sint alacriores, ob affli

 EPISTOLA CXXIII . Hieronymus Augustino quaedam per aenigma renuntians.

 EPISTOLA CXXIV . Augustinus ad Albinam, Pinianum et Melaniam ipsius desiderio venientes in Africam et Thagastae commorantes excusat se, quod illuc ad

 EPISTOLA CXXV . Cum Hipponem ad invisendum Augustinum venisset Pinianus, ibique rei sacrae interesset, subito populi tumultu ad presbyterium postulatu

 EPISTOLA CXXVI . Ejusdem argumenti cum superiore: Albinae scilicet Augustinus exponit quomodo res apud Hipponem circa Pinianum gesta fuerit, expostula

 EPISTOLA CXXVII . Augustinus Armentarium et hujus uxorem Paulinam hortatur ut mundum contemnant, et continentiae votum quo se pariter obligarunt exsol

 EPISTOLA CXXVIII . Marcellini edicto collationis apud Carthaginem habendae conditiones praescribenti consentire se profitentur episcopi catholici id

 EPISTOLA CXXIX . Catholici episcopi Notoriae Donatistarum respondent, significantes Marcellino se illis concedere quod petierant, ut universi qui vene

 EPISTOLA CXXX . Augustinus Probae viduae diviti praescribit quomodo sit orandus Deus.

 EPISTOLA CXXXI . Augustinus Probam resalutat, et gratias agit quod de salute ipsius fuerit sollicita.

 EPISTOLA CXXXII . Augustinus Volusiano, exhortans illum ut sacrarum scripturarum lectioni vacet, sibique rescribat si quid in eis difficultatis legent

 EPISTOLA CXXXIII . Augustinus Marcellino tribuno, ut Donatistas in quaestione confessos atrocia facinora, puniat citra supplicium capitis, uti congrui

 EPISTOLA CXXXIV . Augustinus Apringium proconsulem rogat ac monet ut Circumcelliones atrocia confessos mitius puniat, memor ecclesiasticae mansuetudin

 EPISTOLA CXXXV . Volusianus Augustino, proponens illi quaestiones: quomodo Deus immensus claudi potuerit utero virginis, et infantis corpusculo an mu

 EPISTOLA CXXXVI . Marcellinus Augustino, rogans ut Volusiano faciat satis, et narrans quosdam calumniari quod Deus veterem Legem prae taedio seu consi

 EPISTOLA CXXXVII . Respondet Augustinus ad singulas quaestiones superius propositas a Volusiano.

 EPISTOLA CXXXVIII . Augustinus ad Marcellinum, respondens epistolae 136, qua nimirum ille petierat ut satisfaceret Volusiano, et significarat quosdam

 EPISTOLA CXXXIX . Ut Gesta quae adversus Donatistas confecta sunt publicentur, utque rei castigentur mitius et citra mortis poenam.

 DE GRATIA NOVI TESTAMENTI LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CXL.

 EPISTOLA CXLI . Ad populum factionis donatianae, quomodo illorum episcopi in Carthaginensi collatione convicti sint. Itaque nunc demum redeant ad Eccl

 EPISTOLA CXLII . Augustinus Saturnino et Eufrati presbyteris, aliisque clericis, gratulans de ipsorum reditu ad Ecclesiam, eosque in ejus communione c

 EPISTOLA CXLIII . Paucis respondet ad quaestionem ex divinis Libris propositam a Marcellino. Tum explicat locum taxatum ex libris suis de Libero Arbit

 EPISTOLA CXLIV . Augustinus Cirtensibus a factione Donatistarum conversis ad Ecclesiae catholicae societatem gratulatur admonens ut hoc divino tribua

 EPISTOLA CXLV . Anastasio rescribens Augustinus, docet non per legem sed per gratiam, neque timore sed charitate impleri justitiam.

 EPISTOLA CXLVI . Pelagium resalutat, et pro litteris ipsius officiosis gratiam habet.

 DE VIDENDO DEO LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CXLVII . Docet Deum corporeis oculis videri non posse.

 EPISTOLA CXLVIII . Augustinus Fortunatiano episcopo Siccensi, ut episcopum quemdam ipsi reconciliet, quem litteris asperioribus offenderat, praesertim

 EPISTOLA CXLIX . Respondet ad quaestiones ex Psalmis, ex Apostolo, et ex Evangelio propositas a Paulino superius, in epistola centesima vicesima prima

 EPISTOLA CL . Augustinus Probae et Julianae nobilibus viduis gratulatur de filia earum Demetriade, quae virginitatis velum acceperat agens gratias pr

 EPISTOLA CLI . Caeciliano significat sui erga illum animi studium, vereremque amicitiam nihil imminutam esse: haudquaquam enim suspicari conscium ipsu

 EPISTOLA CLII . Macedonius Augustino, quaerens num ex religione sit quod episcopi apud judices intercedant pro reis.

 EPISTOLA CLIII . Quaesito respondet Augustinus multa obiter disserens de restituendis rebus quae proximo ablatae vel male partae sunt.

 EPISTOLA CLIV . Macedonius Augustino, significans se praestitisse quod ab ipso verecunde adeo petierat tum etiam ipsius libros magna cum voluptate et

 EPISTOLA CLV . Augustinus Macedonio, docens vitam beatam et virtutem veram non esse nisi a Deo.

 EPISTOLA CLVI . Hilarius Augustino, proponens illi quaestiones aliquot de quibus cupit edoceri.

 EPISTOLA CLVII . Augustinus Hilario, respondens ad illius quaestiones.

 EPISTOLA CLVIII . Evodius Uzalensis episcopus laudabiles mores ac felicem adolescentis cujusdam obitum prosecutus, ejusque et aliorum defunctorum narr

 EPISTOLA CLIX . Augustinus Evodio, respondens ad quaestiones de anima soluta corpore, et de visis prodigiosis.

 EPISTOLA CLX . Evodius Augustino, movens quaestionem de ratione et Deo.

 EPISTOLA CLXI . Evodius Augustino, de eo quod scriptum est in epistola 137, ad Volusianum, «Si ratio quaeritur, non erit mirabile, » etc., quo dicto a

 EPISTOLA CLXII . Augustinus Evodio respondet solutionem quaestionis in epistola 160 propositae petendum esse ex aliis opusculis a se editis. Confirmat

 EPISTOLA CLXIII . Evodius Augustino proponit aliquot quaestiones.

 EPISTOLA CLXIV . Augustinus Evodio, respondens ad duas quaestiones, quarum altera est de loco obscuro primae Petri, tertio capite, altera de anima Chr

 EPISTOLA CLXV . Hieronymus Marcellino et Anapsychiae, exponens diversas sententias de origine animae, hortans ut reliqua petant ab Augustino, et indic

 DE ORIGINE ANIMAE HOMINIS LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CLXVI .

 DE SENTENTIA JACOBI LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CLXVII .

 EPISTOLA CLXVIII . Timasius et Jacobus Augustino, gratias agentes pro scripto ipsis libro de Natura et Gratia, adversus libellum Pelagii, naturam non

 EPISTOLA CLXIX . Augustinus Evodio, respondens ad duas quaestiones, de Trinitate, et de columba in qua Spiritus sanctus demonstratus est docens diffi

 EPISTOLA CLXX . Alypius et Augustinus Maximo medico recens ab ariana haeresi ad fidem catholicam converso, hortantes ut studeat et alios eodem adducer

 EPISTOLA CLXXI Excusat formam superioris epistolae ad Maximum datae.

 EPISTOLA CLXXII . Hieronymus Augustino, laudans quidem illius duos libellos de Origine animae, ac de Sententia Jacobi sed excusans cur non responderi

 EPISTOLA CLXXIII . Augustinus Donato, villae Mutugennae in dioecesi Hipponensi presbytero donatistae, qui jussus comprehendi et adduci ad ecclesiam, c

 EPISTOLA CLXXIV . Augustinus Aurelio Carthaginensi episcopo, transmittens libros de Trinitate, absolutos demum secundum 0758 ipsius Aurelii aliorumque

 EPISTOLA CLXXV . Patres concilii Carthaginensis, Innocentio pontifici Romano, de actis adversus Pelagium et Celestium.

 EPISTOLA CLXXVI . Milevitani concilii Patres Innocentio, de cohibendis Pelagianis haereticis.

 EPISTOLA CLXXVII Aurelius aliique tres una cum Augustino episcopi, ad Innocentium de Pelagio, retegentes ipsius haeresim, eamque ab apostolica Sede pr

 EPISTOLA CLXXVIII . Augustinus Hilario, de Pelagiana haeresi duobus in Africa conciliis damnata.

 EPISTOLA CLXXIX . Augustinus Joanni episcopo Jerosolymitano, retegens Pelagii haeresim contentam in ejus libro, quem ipsi transmittit una cum libro de

 EPISTOLA CLXXX . Augustinus Oceano, rescribens paucis de animae origine, et de officioso mendacio, petensque ut mittat Hieronymi librum de Resurrectio

 EPISTOLA CLXXXI . Innocentius, Carthaginensis concilii Patribus, confirmans ipsorum doctrinam ac sententiam adversus Pelagianos.

 EPISTOLA CLXXXII . Innocentius Romanus pontifex, Patribus concilii Milevitani, comprobans illorum acta adversus Pelagianos.

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIII . Innocentii ad quinque Episcopos rescriptum, improbantis doctrinam Pelagii, eumque, nisi haeresim ejuret, damnandum esse pronuntian

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIV .

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIV BIS . Laudans Petri et Abrahae studium, Pelagianos obiter notat, probatque parvulos absque baptismo decedentes, utpote concupiscentia

 EPISTOLA CLXXXVI . Alypius et Augustinus Paulino episcopo, ipsum plenius instituentes adversus Pelagii haeresim.

 DE PRAESENTIA DEI LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CLXXXVII .

 EPISTOLA CLXXXVIII . Augustinus et Alypius Julianae viduae matri Demetriadis virginis, ne ipsa familiave ipsius imbibat virus propinatum in libro ad D

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIX . Bonifacio in militia merenti praescribit vitae rationem ostendens obiter licere christiano pro publica pace arma tractare.

 EPISTOLA CXC . Optato demonstrat quid de animae origine certum sit, quid merito vocetur in dubium, satagendumque esse hac in quaestione ut salva sit i

 EPISTOLA CXCI . Sixto presbytero (postea pontifici Romano) qui contra Pelagianos, quibus favisse rumor fuerat, defensionem gratiae Dei suscepisset, gr

 EPISTOLA CXCII . Augustinus Coelestino diacono (postea pontifici Romano), de mutua benevolentia.

 EPISTOLA CXCIII . Augustinus Mercatori, excusans cur ad ipsius priores litteras nondum responderit, ostendensque Pelagianos in quaestione de baptismo

 EPISTOLA CXCIV . Augustinus Sixto Romano presbytero (et postea Pontifici), instruens illum adversus Pelagianorum argumenta.

 EPISTOLA CXCV . Hieronymus Augustino, gratulans illi quod haereticorum omnium meruerit odium quod quidem gaudet sibi cum illo esse commune.

 EPISTOLA CXCVI . Augustinus Asellico episcopo, docens quae sit utilitas Mosaicae legis, quam Judaeorum more observare non licet Christianis: hos enim

 EPISTOLA CXCVII . Augustinus Hesychio Salonitano episcopo, de die supremo mundi non inquirendo, deque Hebdomadibus Danielis.

 EPISTOLA CXCVIII . Hesychius Augustino, significans consideratis divinis testimoniis de saeculi fine videri sibi diem quidem et horam frustra inquiri

 EPISTOLA CXCIX . DE FINE SAECULI . Augustinus Hesychio, commonstrans quomodo sint intelligentia Scripturae loca quae varie loquuntur de fine saeculi

 EPISTOLA CC . Augustinus Valerio comiti, transmittens nuncupatum ipsi librum primum de Nuptiis et Concupiscentia.

 EPISTOLA CCI . Imperatores nova in Pelagianos eorumque fautores sanctione edita, mandant Aurelio, necnon Augustino per ejusdem tenoris litteras seorsu

 EPISTOLA CCII . Hieronymus Alypio et Augustino gratulatur, quorum opera Celestiana haeresis exstincta sit et excusat cur nondum refellerit libros Ann

 EPISTOLA CCII BIS . Optato significat suae de animae origine consultationi abs Hieronymo non fuisse responsum, neque se hactenus quidquam de hac quaes

 EPISTOLA CCIII . Augustinus Largo, ut bona saeculi hujus vana expertus contemnat, utque ex perpessione malorum melior evadat.

 EPISTOLA CCIV . Augustinus Dulcitio tribuno et notario, imperialiumque jussionum adversus Donatistas datarum exsecutori, ex lib. 2 Retract., c. 59, si

 EPISTOLA CCV . Augustinus Consentio, respondens ad illius percontationes de corpore Christi quale nunc sit, necnon de nostris corporibus qualia futura

 EPISTOLA CCVI . Valerio comiti Felicem episcopum commendat.

 EPISTOLA CCVII . Augustinus Claudio episcopo, transmittens ipsi libros contra Julianum elaboratos.

 EPISTOLA CCVIII . Augustinus Feliciae virgini, quae malam quorumdam Ecclesiae pastorum vitam iniquiori animo ferebat (an Antonii Fussalensis de quo in

 EPISTOLA CCIX . Augustinus Coelestino Romano Pontifici, de ipsius electione pacifice facta (quae ad finem anni 422 referri potest) gratulatur: tum exp

 EPISTOLA CCX . Augustinus Felicitati et Rustico, de malis tolerandis et de fraterna correptione forte occasione tumultus in sanctimonialium conventu

 EPISTOLA CCXI . Augustinus monachas quae dum student mutare praepositam, indecenter fuerant tumultuatae, revocat ad concordiam, et praescribit illis v

 EPISTOLA CCXII . Augustinus Quintiliano, commendat matrem viduam cum filia virgine, quae deferebant reliquias Stephani martyris.

 ACTA ECCLESIASTICA SEU EPISTOLA CCXIII . Ecclesiastica Gesta a B. Augustino confecta in designando ERACLIO qui ipsi in episcopatu succederet, atque in

 EPISTOLA CCXIV . Augustinus Valentino Abbati et Monachis Adrumetinis, oborta inter eos dissensione de libero arbitrio et justitia Dei, ex prava interp

 EPISTOLA CCXV . Augustinus Valentine ejusque monachis, de eodem argumento, simul transmittens ipsis librum de Gratia et Libero Arbitrio.

 EPISTOLA CCXVI. . Valentinus Augustino, renuntians quae exstiterit causa dissidii, quive auctores tumultus in suo coenobio tum declarans fidem suam d

 EPISTOLA CCXVII . Augustinus Vitali Carthaginensi, delato quod doceret initium fidei non esse donum Dei, reclamat fortiter, ipsumque ex precibus Eccle

 EPISTOLA CCXVIII . Palatinum adhortatur ut in christiana sapientia proficiat ac perseveret, id summopere cavens ne spem bene vivendi collocet in propr

 EPISTOLA CCXIX . Augustinus aliique Africani patres, Gallicanis episcopis Proculo et Cylinnio qui Leporium monachum in fide incarnationis Verbi errant

 EPISTOLA CCXX . Augustinus Bonifacio comiti, qui concepto prius voto monachismi, post, ex ipsius consilio, suscepit comitis potestatem at praeter ips

 EPISTOLA CCXXI . Quodvultdeus Augustino, flagitans ut haereseon omnium quae adversus christianam fidem pullularunt, catalogum scribat, earumque errore

 EPISTOLA CCXXII . Augustinus Quodvultdeo, excusans propositi operis difficultatem, remque ab aliis tentatam esse admonens.

 EPISTOLA CCXXIII . Augustino Quodvultdeus, rursum efflagitans ut scribat opusculum de haeresibus.

 EPISTOLA CCXXIV . Augustinus Quodvultdeo, spondens se de haeresibus scripturum, dum per alias occupationes licebit. Nunc enim ab Alypio se urgeri dici

 EPISTOLA CCXXV . Prosper Augustino, de reliquiis pelagianae haereseos in Gallia sub catholico nomine clam succrescentibus certiorem ipsum faciens, ac

 EPISTOLA CCXXVI . Hilarius Augustino, de eodem argumento.

 EPISTOLA CCXXVII . Augustinus Alypio seni, de Gabiniano recens baptizato, et de Dioscoro miraculis converso ad Christianismum.

 EPISTOLA CCXXVIII . Augustinus Honorato, docens quandonam episcopo sive clericis fugere liceat, imminente obsidionis aut excidii periculo.

 EPISTOLA CCXXIX . Augustinus Dario comiti, qui pacis conferendae causa missus sit, gratulatur, et provocat ad rescribendum.

 EPISTOLA CCXXX . Darius Augustino, pro litteris ab eo acceptis gratiam referens, et petens mitti sibi libros Confessionum, seque ipsius apud Deum prec

 EPISTOLA CCXXXI . Augustinus Dario, declarans se ipsius litteris summopere delectatum, et quare ubi multa obiter de humanae laudis amore dicit: mitti

 EPISTOLA CCXXXII . Madaurenses idololatras ad veram religionem hortatur, terrorem incutiens denuntiatione judicii extremi, quod venturum esse persuade

 EPISTOLA CCXXXIII . Augustinus Longiniano pagano philosopho, provocans illum ad scribendum quonam modo Deum colendum credat, quidve de Christo sentiat

 EPISTOLA CCXXXIV . Longinianus Augustino, ad id respondens juxta Trimegistum et Platonicos, per minores deos perveniri ad summum Deum, sed non sine sa

 EPISTOLA CCXXXV . Augustinus Longiniano, explanari quaerens cur putari opus sacrificiis purificatoriis ei qui jam divinis virtutibus sit circumvallatu

 EPISTOLA CCXXXVI . Augustinus Deuterio episcopo, significat se Victorinum hypodiaconum qui clam docuerat haeresim Manichaeorum, deprehensum e clericor

 EPISTOLA CCXXXVII . Augustinus Ceretio, de Priscillianistarum fraude in Scripturis, cum sacris, tum apocryphis exponendis deque hymno quem a Christo

 EPISTOLA CCXXXVIII . Augustinus Pascentio, domus regiae comiti ariano, qui ipsum ad colloquium apud Carthaginem provocarat (ex Possidio, c. 17), et in

 EPISTOLA CCXXXIX . Augustinus Pascentio, de eadem re urgens ut explanet fidem suam.

 EPISTOLA CCXL . Pascentius Augustinum contumeliose compellat, urgens ut proferat qui se tribus personis sit unus Deus, ad conflictum sub arbitris prov

 EPISTOLA CCXLI . Augustinus Deum unum profitetur, triformem negat, conflictum non detrectat, si excipiantur quae dicuntur.

 EPISTOLA CCXLII . Augustinus Elpidio ariano, probans Filium Dei esse Deo aequalem, genitumque ex ipso, non factum spondens etiam se ariani cujusdam l

 EPISTOLA CCXLIII . Augustinus Laeto, qui perfectum mundi contemptum aggressus, videbatur sollicitari per satanam ad repetenda quae reliquerat. Hunc an

 EPISTOLA CCXLIV . Augustinus Chrisimo, consolans ne deficiat in adversis.

 EPISTOLA CCXLV . Augustinus Possidio, de cultu, fucis et inauribus, et de non ordinando quodam in parte Donati baptizato.

 EPISTOLA CCXLVI . Augustinus Lampadio, ostendens fatum in peccatis perperam excusari, quippe cujus vel ipsi mathematici nullam rationem habeant in sub

 EPISTOLA CCXLVII . Augustinus Romulum potentem hominem, quem in Christo genuerat, obsecrat ne nimium acerbus et injustus exactor sit tributorum admini

 EPISTOLA CCXLVIII . Augustinus Sebastiano, de pia tristitia quam boni ferunt ex impietate malorum. Huic epistolae subscripsit Alypius.

 EPISTOLA CCXLIX . Augustinus Restituto, quatenus mali tolerandi in Ecclesia.

 EPISTOLA CCL . Augustinus senex Auxilio episcopo juveni, ut aut anathematis sententiam rescindat, aut doceat quibus adductus causis putet ob unius pec

 EPISTOLA CCLI . Augustinus Pancario, de Secundino presbytero criminum quorumdam insimulato: contra quem accusationes haereticorum admittere non vult,

 EPISTOLA CCLII . Augustinus Felici, de pupilla quadam Ecclesiae tutelae commissa.

 EPISTOLA CCLIII . Augustinus ad Benenatum, de eadem puella (ut videtur) in matrimonium non tradenda nisi viro catholico.

 EPISTOLA CCLIV . Augustinus ad eumdem Benenatum, pronubum agentem Rustici filio.

 EPISTOLA CCLV . Augustinus ad Rusticum, de puella in connubium ejus filio petita.

 EPISTOLA CCLVI . Officiose Augustinus ad Christinum scribit.

 EPISTOLA CCLVII . Augustinus Orontio, resalutans illum.

 EPISTOLA CCLVIII . Augustinus Martiano veteri amico, gratulatur quod catechumenus sit factus, hortans illum ut fidelium Sacramenta percipiat.

 EPISTOLA CCLIX . Augustinus Cornelio scortis dedito, admonens illum ut Cyprianae uxoris defunctae pudicitiam imitetur, si velit illius impetrare laude

 EPISTOLA CCLX . Audax Augustino, flagitans mitti sibi prolixiorem epistolam.

 EPISTOLA CCLXI . Augustinus Audaci excusat occupationes suas, admonens ut vel intendat evolvendis ipsius libris, vel praesens audiat ipsum loquentem.

 EPISTOLA CCLXII . Augustinus Ecdiciae, quae nesciente viro suo, bona sua in eleemosynam distribuerat, et vidualem habitum induerat, correctionem adhib

 EPISTOLA CCLXIII . Augustinus Sapidae virgini, renuntiat se accepisse tunicam ipsius manibus contextam fratri, quem ipsa mortuum lugebat jamque eam,

 EPISTOLA CCLXIV Consolatur Maximam piam feminam, quae aegre admodum et perturbato aliquantum animo videbat noxiis erroribus periclitari provinciam sua

 EPISTOLA CCLXV . Augustinus Seleucianae, de baptismo et poenitentia Petri, contra quemdam novatianum.

 EPISTOLA CCLXVI . Augustinus Florentinae puellae studiosae, offerens suam docendi operam, si proferat quid velit exponi.

 EPISTOLA CCLXVII . Augustinus Fabiolae peregrinationem suam in hac vita moleste ferenti, de praesentia animorum nexu amicitiae vinctorum.

 EPISTOLA CCLXVIII . Fascius quidam aere alieno obrutus ad ecclesiam confugerat cujus creditoribus, mutua accepta pecunia, Augustinus satisfecit: eam

 EPISTOLA CCLXIX . Augustinus Nobilio episcopo, significans ad dedicationem novae fabricae se venire non posse.

 EPISTOLA CCLXX . Augustino Anonymus (non enim Hieronymus, uti ex stilo liquet, tametsi in ipsius Epistolis haec edita sit numero 40), significans se m

Letter XCV.

(a.d. 408.)

To Brother Paulinus and Sister Therasia, Most Beloved and Sincere Saints Worthy of Affection and Veneration, Fellow-Disciples with Himself Under the Lord Jesus as Master, Augustin Sends Greeting in the Lord.

1. When brethren most closely united to us, towards whom along with us you are accustomed both to cherish and to express sentiments of regard which we all cordially reciprocate, have frequent occasions of visiting you, this benefit is one by which we are comforted under evil rather than made to rejoice in increase of good. For we strive to the utmost of our power to avoid the causes and emergencies which necessitate their journeys, and yet,—I know not how, unless it be as just retribution,—they cannot be dispensed with: but when they return to us and see us, that word of Scripture is fulfilled in our experience: “In the multitude of my thoughts within me, Thy comforts delight my soul.”847    Ps. xciv. 19. Accordingly, when you learn from our brother Possidius himself how sad is the occasion which has compelled him to go to Italy,848    Possidus, bishop of Calama, was going to Rome to complain of the outrage of the Pagans of Calama, described in Letter XCI. sec. 8, p. 378. you will know how true the remarks I have made are in regard to the joy which he has in meeting you; and yet, if any of us should cross the sea for the one purpose of enjoying a meeting with you, what more cogent or worthy reason could be found? This, however, would not be compatible with those obligations by which we are bound to minister to those who are languid through infirmity, and not to withdraw our bodily presence from them, unless their malady, assuming dangerous form, makes such departure imperative. Whether in these things we are receiving chastening or judgment I know not; but this I know, that He is not dealing with us according to our sins, nor requiting us according to our iniquities,849    Ps. ciii. 10. who mingles so great comfort with our tribulation, and who, by remedies which fill us with wonder, secures that we shall not love the world, and shall not by it be made to fall away.

2. I asked in a former letter your opinion as to the nature of the future life of the saints; but you have said in your reply that we have still much to study concerning our condition in this present life, and you do well, except in this, that you have expressed your desire to learn from me that of which you are either equally ignorant or equally well-informed with myself, or rather, of which you know much more perhaps than I do; for you have said with perfect truth, that before we meet the dissolution of this mortal body, we must die, in a gospel sense, by a voluntary departure, withdrawing ourselves, not by death, but by deliberate resolution, from the life of this world. This course is a simple one, and is beset with no waves of uncertainty; because we are of opinion that we ought so to live in this mortal life that we may be in some measure fitted for immortality. The whole question, however, which, when discussed and investigated, perplexes men like myself, is this—how we ought to live among or for the welfare of those who have not yet learned to live by dying, not in the dissolution of the body, but by turning themselves with a certain mental resolution away from the attractions of mere natural things. For in most cases, it seems to us that unless we in some small degree conform to them in regard to those very things from which we desire to see them delivered, we shall not succeed in doing them any good. And when we do thus conform, a pleasure in such things steals upon ourselves, so that often we are pleased to speak and to listen to frivolous things, and not only to smile at them, but even to be completely overcome with laughter: thus burdening our souls with feelings which cleave to the dust, or even to the mire of this world, we experience greater difficulty and reluctance in raising ourselves to God that by dying a gospel-death we may live a gospel-life. And whensoever this state of mind is reached, immediately thereupon will follow the commendation, “Well done! well done!” not from men, for no man perceives in another the mental act by which divine things are apprehended, but in a certain inward silence there sounds I know not whence, “Well done! well done!” Because of this kind of temptation, the great apostle confesses that he was buffeted by the angel.850    2 Cor. xii. 7. Behold whence it comes that our whole life on earth is a temptation; for man is tempted even in that thing in which he is being conformed so far as he can be to the likeness of the heavenly life.

3. What shall I say as to the infliction or remission of punishment, in cases in which we have no other desire than to forward the spiritual welfare of those in regard to whom we judge that they ought or ought not to be punished? Also, if we consider not only the nature and magnitude of faults, but also what each may be able or unable to bear according to his strength of mind, how deep and dark a question it is to adjust the amount of punishment so as to prevent the person who receives it not only from getting no good, but also from suffering loss thereby! Besides, I know not whether a greater number have been improved or made worse when alarmed under threats of such punishment at the hands of men as is an object of fear. What, then, is the path of duty, seeing that it often happens that if you inflict punishment on one he goes to destruction; whereas, if you leave him unpunished, another is destroyed? I confess that I make mistakes daily in regard to this, and that I know not when and how to observe the rule of Scripture: “Them that sin rebuke before all, that others may fear;”851    1 Tim. v. 20. and that other rule, “Tell him his fault between thee and him alone;”852    Matt. xviii. 15. and the rule, “Judge nothing before the time;”853    1 Cor. iv. 5. “Judge not, that ye be not judged”854    Matt. vii. 1. (in which command the Lord has not added the words, “before the time”); and this saying of Scripture, “Who art thou that judgest another man’s servant? to his own master he standeth or falleth: yea, he shall be holden up, for God is able to make him stand;”855    Rom. xiv. 4. by which words he makes it plain that he is speaking of those who are within the Church; yet, on the other hand, he commands them to be judged when he says, “What have I to do to judge them also that are without? do not ye judge them that are within? therefore put away from among yourselves that wicked person.”856    1 Cor. v. 12, 13. But when this is necessary, how much care and fear is occasioned by the question to what extent it should be done, lest that happen which, in his second epistle to them, the apostle is found admonishing these persons to beware of in that very example, saying, “lest, perhaps, such an one should be swallowed up with overmuch sorrow;” adding, in order to prevent men from thinking this a thing not calling for anxious care, “lest Satan should get an advantage of us; for we are not ignorant of his devices.”857    2 Cor. ii. 7, 11. What trembling we feel in all these things, my brother Paulinus, O holy man of God! what trembling, what darkness! May we not think that with reference to these things it was said, “Fearfulness and trembling are come upon me, and horror hath overwhelmed me. And I said, Oh that I had wings like a dove! for then would I fly away, and be at rest. Lo, then would I wander far off, and remain in the wilderness.” And yet even in the wilderness perchance he still experienced it; for he adds, “I waited for Him who should deliver me from weakness and from tempest.”858    Ps. lv. 5–8, as given in the LXX. Truly, therefore, is the life of man upon the earth a life of temptation.859    Job vii. 1.

4. Moreover, as to the oracles of God, is it not true that they are lightly touched rather than grasped and handled by us, seeing that in by far the greater part of them we do not already possess opinions definite and ascertained, but are rather inquiring what our opinion ought to be? And this caution, though attended with abundant disquietude, is much better than the rashness of dogmatic assertion. Also, if a man is not carnally minded (which the apostle says is death), will he not be a great cause of offence to those who are still carnally minded, in many parts of Scripture in the exposition of which to say what you believe is most perilous, and to refrain from saying it is most grievous, and to say something else than what you believe is most pernicious? Nay more, when in the discourses or writings of those who are within the Church we find some things censurable, and do not conceal our disapprobation (supposing such correction to be according to the freedom of brotherly love), how great a sin is committed against us when we are suspected of being actuated in this by envy and not by goodwill! and how much do we sin against others, when we in like manner impute to those who find fault with our opinions a desire rather to wound than to correct us! Verily, there arise usually from this cause bitter enmities even between persons bound to each other by the greatest affection and intimacy, when, “thinking of men above that which is written, any one is puffed up for one against another;”860    1 Cor. iv. 6. and while they bite and devour one another, “there is reason to fear lest they be consumed one of another.”861    Gal. v. 15. Therefore, “Oh that I had wings like a dove! for then would I fly away, and be at rest.”862    Ps. lv. 6. For whether it be that the dangers by which one is beset seem to him greater than those of which he has no experience, or that my impressions are correct, I cannot help thinking that any amount of weakness and of tempest in the wilderness would be more easily borne than the things which we feel or fear in the busy world.

5. I therefore greatly approve of your saying that we should make the state in which men stand, or rather the course which they run, in this present life, the theme of our discussion. I add as another reason for our giving this subject the preference, that the finding and following of the course itself must come before our finding and possessing that towards which it leads. When, therefore, I asked your views on this, I acted as if, through holding and observing carefully the right rule of this life, we were already free from disquietude concerning its course, although I feel in so many things, and especially in those which I have mentioned, that I toil in the midst of very great dangers. Nevertheless, forasmuch as the cause of all this ignorance and embarrassment appears to me to be that, in the midst of a great variety of manners and of minds having inclinations and infirmities hidden altogether from our sight, we seek the interest of those who are citizens and subjects, not of Rome which is on earth, but of Jerusalem which is in heaven, it seemed to me more agreeable to converse with you about what we shall be, than about what we now are. For although we do not know the blessings which are to be enjoyed yonder, of one thing at least we are assured, and it is not a small thing, that yonder the evils which we experience here shall have no place.

6. Wherefore, as to the ordering of this present life in the way which we must follow in order to the attainment of eternal life, I know that our carnal appetites must be held in check, only so much concession being made to the gratification of the bodily senses as suffices for the support of this life and the active discharge of its duties, and that all the vexations of this life which come upon us in connection with the truth of God, and the eternal welfare of ourselves or of our neighbours, must be borne with patience and fortitude. I know also that with all the zeal of love we should seek the good of our neighbour, that he may rightly spend the present life so as to obtain life eternal. I know also that we ought to prefer spiritual to carnal, immutable to mutable things, and that all this a man is so much more or less enabled to do, according as he is more or less helped by the grace of God through Jesus Christ our Lord. But I do not know the reason why one or another is more or less helped or not helped by that grace; this only I know, that God does this with perfect justice, and for reasons which to Himself are known as sufficient. In regard, however, to the things which I have mentioned above, as to the way in which we ought to live amongst men, if anything has become known to you through experience or meditation, I beseech you to give me instruction. And if these things perplex you not less than myself, make them the subject of conference with some judicious spiritual physician, whom you may find either where you reside, or in Rome, when you make your annual visit to the city, and thereafter write to me whatever the Lord may reveal to you through his instructions, or to you and him together when engaged in conversation on the subject.

7. As to the resurrection of the body, and the future offices of its members in the incorruptible and immortal state, since you have, in return for the questions which I put to you, inquired my views on these matters, listen to a brief statement which, if it be not sufficient, may afterwards, with the Lord’s help, be amplified by fuller discussion. It is to be held most firmly, as a doctrine in regard to which the testimony of Holy Scripture is true and unmistakable, that these visible and earthly bodies which are now called natural863    Animalia, 1 Cor. xv. 34. shall, in the resurrection of the faithful and just, be spiritual bodies. At the same time, I do not know how the quality of a spiritual body can be comprehended or stated by us, seeing that it lies beyond the range of our experience. There shall be, assuredly, in such bodies no corruption, and therefore they shall not require the perishable nourishment which is now necessary; yet though unnecessary, it will not be impossible for them at their pleasure to take and actually consume food; otherwise it would not have been taken after His resurrection by the Lord, who has given us such an example of the resurrection of the body, that the apostle argues from it: “If the dead rise not, then is not Christ raised.”864    1 Cor. xv. 16. But He, when He appeared to His disciples, having all His members, and using them according to their functions, also pointed out to them the places where His wounds had been, regarding which I have always supposed that they were the scars, not the wounds themselves, and that they were there, not of necessity, but according to His free exercise of power. He gave at that time the clearest evidence of the ease with which He exercised this power, both by showing Himself in another form to the two disciples, and by His appearing, not as a spirit, but in His true body, to the disciples in the upper chamber, although the doors were shut.865    Luke xxiv. 15–43; John xx. 14–29; Mark xvi. 12, 14.

8. From this arises the question as to angels, whether they have bodies adapted to their duties and their swift motions from place to place, or are only spirits? For if we say that they have bodies, we are met by the passage: “He maketh His angels spirits;”866    Ps. civ. 4 and Heb. i. 7. and if we say that they have not bodies, a still greater difficulty meets us in explaining how, if they are without bodily form, it is written that they appeared to the bodily senses of men, accepted offers of hospitality, permitted their feet to be washed, and used the meat and drink which was provided for them.867    Gen. xviii. 2–9 and Gen. xix. 1–3. For it seems to involve us in less difficulty, if we suppose that the angels are there called spirits in the same manner as men are called souls, e.g. in the statement that so many souls (not signifying that they had not bodies also) went down with Jacob into Egypt,868    Gen. xlvi. 27. than if we suppose that, without bodily form, all these things were done by angels. Again, a certain definite height is named in the Apocalypse as the stature of an angel, in dimensions which could apply only to bodies, proving that that which appeared to the eyes of men is to be explained, not as an illusion, but as resulting from the power which we have spoken of as easily put forth by spiritual bodies. But whether angels have bodies or not, and whether or not any one be able to show how without bodies they could do all these things, it is nevertheless certain, that in that city of the holy in which those of our race who have been redeemed by Christ shall be united for ever to thousands of angels, voices proceeding from organs of speech shall furnish expression to the thoughts of minds in which nothing is hidden; for in that divine fellowship it will not be possible for any thought in one to remain concealed from another, but there shall be complete harmony and oneness of heart in the praise of God, and this shall find utterance not only from the spirit, but through the spiritual body as its instrument; this, at least, is what I believe.

9. Meanwhile, if you have already found or can learn from other teachers anything more fully agreeing with the truth than this, I am most eagerly longing to be instructed therein by you. Study carefully, if you please, my letter, in regard to which, as you pled in excuse for your very hurried reply the haste of the deacon who brought it to me, I do not make any complaint, but rather remind you of it, in order that what was then omitted in your answer may now be supplied. Look over it again, and observe what I wished to learn from you, both regarding your opinion concerning Christian retirement as a means to the acquisition and discussion of the truths of Christian wisdom, and regarding that retirement in which I supposed that you had found leisure, but in which it is reported to me that you are engrossed with occupation to an incredible extent.

May you, in whom the holy God has given us great joy and consolation, live mindful of us, and in true felicity. (This sentence is added by another hand.)

EPISTOLA XCV . Augustinus superiori epistolae respondens agit de praesentis vitae statu, necnon de qualitate corporis beatorum, deque membrorum officiis post resurrectionem.

Dominis charissimis et sincerissimis, sanctis et desiderabilibus et venerabilibus fratribus, sub magistro Domino Jesu condiscipulis , PAULINO et THERASIAE, AUGUSTINUS, in Domino salutem.

1. Cum vos fratres nostri conjunctissimi nobis, quos nobiscum desiderati desiderare, et salutati resalutare consuestis, assidue vident, non tam augentur bona nostra, quam consolantur mala. Nam ipsas causas 0352 et necessitates, et quantum valemus, devitare conamur, et tamen, nescio quomodo, credo pro meritis nostris, deesse non possunt: sed cum ad nos veniunt, et vident nos, fit quod scriptum est, Secundum multitudinem dolorum meorum in corde meo, exhortationes tuae jucundaverunt animam meam (Psal. XCIII, 19). Proinde ad istam laetitiam qua vobiscum est frater Possidius , cum ex ipso audieritis quam tristis eum causa compulerit, hoc me verissime dicere cognoscetis: et tamen si quisquam nostrum propter hoc solum iret trans mare, ut vestra praesentia frueretur, quid hac causa justius, quid posset dignius inveniri? Sed id vincula nostra non ferrent, quibus religati sumus infirmorum servire languoribus, nec eos praesentia corporali relinquere, nisi cum hoc cogunt tanto imperiosius, quanto periculosius aegrotando. Utrum exerceamur his, an potius plectamur, nescio, nisi quod non secundum peccata nostra facit nobis, neque secundum iniquitates nostras retribuit nobis (Psal. CII, 10), qui tanta solatia doloribus miscet, agitque mirabili medicina, ne amemus mundum, ne deficiamus in mundo.

2. Quaesivi abs te prioribus litteris, qualisnam tibi videatur futura aeterna vita sanctorum; sed bene mihi respondisti, etiam de praesentis vitae statu adhuc esse utique consulendum: nisi quod me consulere voluisti, quod aut mecum nescis, aut mecum scis, aut magis quam ego forsitan scis; quippe qui etiam verissime dixeris evangelicam mortem prius emoriendum, quam carnalem resolutionem voluntario praeveniamus excessu, non obitu, sed sententia recedentes ab hujus saeculi vita. Simplex haec actio, et nullo dubitationis aestu fluctuat, quod ita nos vivere oportere censemus in hac vita mortali, ut vitae immortali quodammodo coaptemur. Verum omnis quaestio, quae agentes quaerentesque conturbat homines, qualis ego sum, illa est, quonam modo vivendum sit, vel inter eos, vel propter eos qui nondum vivere moriendo noverunt, non resolutione corporis, sed quodam se a corporalibus illecebris avertentes mentis affectu. Plerumque enim videtur nobis quod nisi eis aliquantulum congruamus ad ea ipsa unde illos extrahi cupimus, nihil cum eis salubriter agere poterimus. Quod cum facimus, talium delectatio subrepit et nobis, ut saepe etiam loqui vana delectet, auremque praebere loquentibus, nec arridere tantum, sed etiam risu vinci ac solvi: ita pulvereis quibusdam, vel etiam luteis affectibus nostras animas aggravantes, laboriosius et pigrius levamus ad Deum, ut vivamus evangelicam vitam, moriendo evangelicam mortem. Quod si aliquando successerit, statim subjicietur, Euge, Euge; non ab hominibus; neque enim quisquam hominum sentit in alio talem mentis agnitionem; sed in quodam intus silentio, nescio 0353 unde clamatur, Euge, Euge. Propter hoc genus tentationis ab angelo colaphizatum se tantus Apostolus confitetur (II Cor. XII, 7). Ecce unde vita humana super terram tota tentatio est; quando et ibi homo tentatur, ubi quantum potest vitae coelestis similitudini coaptatur.

3. Quid dicam de vindicando, vel non vindicando? quandoquidem hoc totum ad eorum salutem proficere volumus, in quos vindicandum aut non vindicandum esse arbitramur. Quis etiam sit vindicandi modus, non solum pro qualitate vel quantitate culparum, verum etiam pro quibusdam viribus animorum, quid quisque sufferat, quid recuset, ne non solum non proficiat, sed etiam deficiat, quam profundum et latebrosum est! impendentem quoque vindictam metuentes, quae ab hominibus metuitur, nescio utrum plures correcti sunt, quam in deterius abierunt. Quid, cum saepe accidat, ut si in quemquam vindicaveris, ipse pereat; si inultum reliqueris, alter pereat? Ego in his quotidie peccare me fateor, et ignorare quando, quove modo custodiam id quod scriptum est, Peccantes coram omnibus argue, ut caeteri timorem habeant (I Tim. V, 20); et quod scriptum est, Corripe eum inter te et ipsum solum (Matth. XVIII, 15); et quod scriptum est, Nolite ante tempus judicare, ut non judicemini (I Cor. IV, 5), neque enim hic addidit ante tempus; et quod scriptum est, Tu quis es, qui judicas alienum servum? Suo domino stat aut cadit: stabit autem; potens est enim Deus statuere illum (Rom. XIV, 4); unde confirmat de his se dicere, qui intus sunt: et rursus eos judicari jubet, cum dicit, Quid enim mihi de his, qui foris sunt judicare? Nonne de his, qui intus sunt, vos judicatis? Auferte malum ex vobis ipsis (I Cor. V, 12, 13). Quod cum etiam faciendum videtur, quatenus fiat, quantae curae ac timoris est? ne forte contingat quod de illo ipso intelligitur in secunda ad eosdem Epistola cavendum admonere, ne majore tristitia absorbeatur qui ejusmodi est. Et ne quisquam hoc non multum curandum putaret, ibi ait, Ut non possideamur a satana: non enim ignoramus mentes ejus (II Cor. II, 7, 11). Quis in his omnibus tremor, mi Pauline, sancte homo Dei! quis tremor, quae tenebrae! Nonne putamus de his esse dictum: Timor et tremor venerunt supra me, et contexerunt me tenebrae; et dixi, Quis dabit mihi pennas sicut columbae, et volabo et requiescam? Ecce elongavi fugiens, et mansi in deserto. Verumtamen etiam in deserto ipso fortassis expertus sit quod adjungit: Exspectabam eum qui me salvum faceret a pusillanimitate et tempestate (Psal. LIV, 6 9). Nempe ergo tentatio est vita humana super terram (Job. VII, 1).

4. Quid, ipsa divina eloquia nonne palpantur potius quam tractantur a nobis, dum in multo pluribus quaerimus potius quid sentiendum sit, quam definitum aliquid fixumque sentimus? Et ea cautio cum sollicitudinis plena sit, multo melior est tamen, quam temeritas affirmandi. Nonne in multis, si non secundum carnem homo sapiat, quam mortem dicit esse Apostolus, magno scandalo erit ei qui adhuc secundum 0354 carnem sapit (Rom. VIII, 5, 6)? ubi et dicere quid sentias periculosissimum, et non dicere laboriosissimum, et aliud quam sentis dicere perniciosissimum est. Quid? cum ea quae non approbamus in eorum, qui intus sunt, sermone vel scriptis, putantesque id ad fraternae charitatis libertatem pertinere, judicium nostrum non occultamus, et hoc non benevolentia, sed invidia facere credimur, quantum peccatur in nos! et cum similiter eos qui nostras sententias reprehendunt, laedere potius velle quam corrigere suspicamur, quantum peccamus in alios! Certe hinc existunt inimicitiae plerumque etiam inter charissimas familiarissimasque personas, dum, supra quam scriptum est, unus pro altero inflatur adversus alterum (I Cor. IV, 6), et dum mordent et comedunt invicem, timendum est ne consumantur ab invicem (Gal. V, 15). Quis ergo dabit mihi pennas sicut columbae, et volabo, et requiescam (Psal. LIV, 7)? Sive enim quia pericula, in quibus quisque versatur, graviora sunt quam inexperta, sive quia revera ita est, quaelibet pusillanimitas tempestasque deserti minus mihi videtur molesta, quam ea quae vel patimur, vel timemus in turbis.

5. Proinde multum approbo sententiam tuam, de hujus vitae statu esse agendum, vel potius cursu quam statu. Addo aliud, quia prius hoc requirendum atque tenendum est, quam illud, quale futurum sit, quo iste fert cursus. Inde ergo interrogavi quid sentias, quasi hujus vitae recta regula retenta atque servata jam securi simus, cum in tam multis, maximeque in his quae breviter, ut potui, commemoravi, periculosissime laborare me sentiam. Sed quia omnis haec ignorantia et difficultas hinc mihi videtur existere, quod in magna varietate morum, et animarum occultissimas voluntates atque infirmitates habentium, rem populi gerimus, non terreni atque Romani, sed Jerosolymitani coelestis, magis me libuit loqui tecum ex illo quod erimus, quam ex isto quod sumus. Ibi enim etsi nescimus quae bona futura sunt, non tamen de parva re certi sumus, quod ista mala ibi non erunt.

6. De agenda ergo ista temporali vita, eo modo, per quem veniendum est ad aeternam, novi concupiscentias carnales esse frenandas; tantumque remittendum in delectationes sensuum corporalium, quantum sustentandae hujusmodi agendaeque vitae satis est, omnesque molestias temporales, pro veritate Dei, et salute aeterna nostra et proximi, patienter fortiterque tolerandas. Novi etiam proximo ad hoc consulendum omni studio charitatis, ut istam vitam recte gerat propter aeternam. Praeponenda etiam nobis spiritualia carnalibus, incommutabilia mutabilibus, et haec omnia tanto magis minusve posse hominem, quanto magis minusve adjuvatur gratia Dei, per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum. Cur autem ille sic, ille autem sic adjuvetur, vel non adjuvetur, nescio: id tamen Deum summa sibique nota aequitate facere scio. Propter illa vero quae supra commemoravi, quemadmodum vivendum sit cum hominibus, si quid tibi exploratum liquet, edoce me, obsecro. Sin et te ita ut 0355 me movent ista, confer ea cum aliquo mansueto cordis medico, sive illic inveneris abi degitis, sive cum Romam toto anniversarie pergitis, et quod per illum tibi loquentem, seu vobis colloquentibus Dominus aperuerit, scribe mihi.

7. De resurrectione autem corporum, membrorumque in illa incorruptione atque immortalitate futuris officiis, quoniam vicissim me interrogasti quid sentiam, audi breviter quod, si non satis erit, poterit, si Dominus adjuverit, latius disputari. Firmissime tenendum est, unde Scripturae sanctae verax et clara sententia est, visibilia ista corpora atque terrena quae nunc animalia dicuntur, spiritualia futura in resurrectione fidelium atque justorum. Porro spiritua is corporis qualitas inexperta nobis, quemadmodum vel comprehendi, vel insinuari possit, ignoro. Corruptio ibi certe nulla erit, ac per hoc nec isto quo nunc indigent corruptibili cibo, tunc indigebunt; nec tamen eum capere non poterunt, veraciterque consumere potestate, non necessitate. Alioquin nec Dominus eum post resurrectionem accepisset, qui nobis ita praebuit corporalis resurrectionis exemplum, ut hinc Apostolus dicat: Si mortui non resurgunt, neque Christus resurrexit (I Cor. XV, 16) Qui cum membris omnibus appareret, eorumque officiis uteretur, loca etiam vulnerum demonstravit. Quas ego cicatrices, non ipsa vulnera semper accepi, et eas ipsas potestate, non necessitate. Cujus potestatis facilitatem tunc maxime ostendit, cum vel in alia forma se demonstravit, vel in domo discipulis constitutis, cum ostia clausa essent, verus apparuit (Luc. XXIV, 15-43, et Joan. XX, 14-29, et Marc. XVI, 12, 14).

8. Hinc oritur de Angelis quaestio, utrum habeant corpora suis officiis et concursationibus congrua, an tantummodo spiritus sint? si enim habere dixerimus, occurrit nobis: Qui facit Angelos suos spiritus (Psal. CIII, 4). Si autem non habere dixerimus, plus habet scrupuli, quomodo scriptum sit eos corporeis hominum sensibus sine corpore praesentatos, hospitio susceptos, pedes eis lotos, edentibus et bibentibus ministratum (Gen. XVIII, 2-9, et XIX, 1-3). Facilius enim videri potest sic esse spiritus Angelos dictos, ut homines animas, sicut scriptum est cum Jacob in Aegyptum tot animas descendisse (Gen. XLVI, 2) [neque enim corpora non habebant], quam ut illa omnia sine corporibus gesta credantur. Deinde certa quaedam in Apocalypsi Angeli statura definitur (Apoc. X), in ea mensura quae nisi corporum esse non possit, ut quod hominibus apparuerit, non ad falsitatem, sed ad illam potestatem ac facilitatem spiritualium corporum referatur. Sed sive habeant Angeli corpora, sive quisquam possit ostendere quemadmodum corpora non habentes gerere illa omnia potuerint, in illa tamen civitate sanctorum, ubi etiam per Christum redempti a generatione hac, in aeternum conjungentur millibus Angelorum, voces corporales non latentes animos indicabunt; quia in illa societate divina nihil cogitationis proximo poterit occultari, sed erit consonans in Dei laude concordia, non solum spiritu, verum etiam spirituali 0356 corpore expressa: hoc mihi videtur.

9. Interim si quid congruentius veritati vel jam tenes, vel a doctoribus audire potueris, per te nosse studiosissime exspecto. Recense sanc epistolam meam , cui quoniam festinantissime te respondisse de diaconi festinatione causatus es, ideo non conqueror, sed potius commemoro, ut quod tunc omissum est, nunc reddatur Et de otio quippe christiano ad percipiendam vel disserendam christianam sapientiam quid sentias, et de otio quod putabam tuo, cujus mihi occupationes incredibiles nuntiatae sunt, require et vide quid a te scire quaesierim. (Et alia manu.) Memores nostri, felices vivite, magna gaudia et solatia nostra sancti Dei.