S. AURELII AUGUSTINI HIPPONENSIS EPISCOPI EPISTOLAE SECUNDUM ORDINEM TEMPORUM NUNC PRIMUM DISPOSITAE, ET QUATUOR IN CLASSES DIGESTAE

 EPISTOLA II . Zenobio desiderium exponit suum, ut disputationem inter se coeptam, inter se finiant.

 EPISTOLA III . Nebridio respondet Augustinus immerito se ab ipso vocari beatum, qui tam multa ignoret. Qua in re sita sit vera beatitudo.

 EPISTOLA IV . Augustinus Nebridio, significans ei quantum profecerit in secessu, contemplatione rerum aeternarum.

 EPISTOLA V . Augustinum Nebridius deplorat, quod nimium interpelletur civium negotiis ab otio contemplationis.

 EPISTOLA VI . Scribit Nebridius videri sibi memoriam sine phantasia esse non posse tum etiam phantasiae vim non a sensu, sed a se potius imagines rer

 EPISTOLA VII . Augustinus quaestionem utramque a Nebridio motam discutit. Memoriam sine phantasia esse posse. Animam sensibus non usam carere phantasi

 EPISTOLA VIII . Quanam coelestium potestatum in animam actione fiat, ut imagines ac somnia dormienti subrepant.

 EPISTOLA IX . Quaestioni de somniis per superiores potestates immissis respondet.

 EPISTOLA X . De convictu cum Nebridio et secessione a mundanarum rerum tumultu.

 EPISTOLA XI . Cur hominis susceptio Filio soli tribuitur, cum divinae personae sint inseparabiles.

 EPISTOLA XII . Quaestionem in superiore epistola perstrictam iterum tractandam suscipit.

 EPISTOLA XIII . Quaestionem de animae quodam corpore, ad se nihil pertinentem, rogat dimittant.

 EPISTOLA XIV . Quare sol non idem praestat quod caetera sidera. Veritas summa an hominis cujusque rationem contineat.

 EPISTOLA XV. Significat scriptum a se opusculum de religione, transmittendum Romaniano, quem hortatur ut otium datum bene collocet.

 EPISTOLA XVI. Maximus grammaticus Madaurensis Augustino, excusans a Paganis unum Deum variis nominibus coli, indignans mortuos homines Gentium diis pr

 EPISTOLA XVII . Augustinus Maximo grammatico respondet ad superiora, sed sic ut ostendat indigna quibus respondeatur, digna quae rideantur.

 EPISTOLA XVIII . Naturarum genus triplex perstringitur.

 EPISTOLA XIX . Gaio, quem forte disputatione traxerat ad Ecclesiam, mittit suos libros legendos, adhortans ut perseveret in bono proposito.

 EPISTOLA XX . Antonino pro existimatione bona ac dilectione sibi impensa gratias refert Augustinus, optatque ut familia ipsius tota catholicam religio

 EPISTOLA XXI . Augustinus in presbyterum Hipponensem ordinatus, praesertim ad dispensandum verbum Dei, secumque reputans quam difficile sit sacerdotem

 EPISTOLA XXII . Augustinus presbyter, Aurelio Carthaginensi episcopo, deflens comessationes et ebrietates per Africam in coemeteriis et memoriis marty

 EPISTOLA XXIII . Augustinus Maximino episcopo donatistae, qui diaconum catholicum rebaptizasse dicebatur, ut aut fateatur factum, aut profiteatur se o

 EPISTOLA XXIV . Paulinus Alypio episcopo de libris Augustini quos recepit, excusans quod serius miserit ad illum Eusebii Chronica. Cupit edoceri de ge

 EPISTOLA XXV . Paulinus Augustino, exquisitis eum laudibus exornans pro quinque ejus adversus Manichaeos libris, quos ab Alypio acceperat. Panem ipsi

 EPISTOLA XXVI . Augustinus Licentium juvenem nobilem et doctum, quondam ipsius discipulum, hortatur ad mundi contemptum, abutens ad hoc ipsius Licenti

 EPISTOLA XXVII. Augustinus Paulino, amplectens illius benevolentiam, et mutuum declarans amorem: nonnulla de Romaniano et Alypio, nec non de Licentio,

 EPISTOLA XXVIII . Augustinus Hieronymo, de nova post LXX Veteris Testamenti versione deque Petro reprehenso a Paulo ad Galat. II, expostulans de susc

 EPISTOLA XXIX. Augustinus presbyter, Alypio Thagastensi episcopo, narrans quibus adhortationibus obtinuerit demum ut Hipponenses catholici abhorrerent

 EPISTOLA XXX . Paulinus Augustino, non recepto ab eo responso, denuo per alios scribit.

 SECUNDA CLASSIS. Epistolae quas Augustinus jam episcopus, ante collationem Carthaginensem cum Donatistis habitam, et ante detectam in Africa Pelagii h

 EPISTOLA XXXII . Paulinus Romaniano, gratulans Ecclesiae Hipponensi quod Augustinum meruit episcopi collegam. Licentium, pro quo scripserat Augustinus

 EPISTOLA XXXIII. Augustinus Proculeiano partis donatianae apud Hipponem episcopo, invitans illum ut mutua collatione schisma componatur.

 EPISTOLA XXXIV . De juvene, qui matrem caedere solitus, demum et mortem minatus transiit ad Donatistas, ab iisque iterato baptizatus est. Quod an Proc

 EPISTOLA XXXV . Rursus interpellat Eusebium, ut clericorum donatistarum licentiam curet coercendam per Proculeianum episcopum: alioquin ut de se nullu

 EPISTOLA XXXVI . Augustinus Casulano presbytero, refellens Urbici, id est cujusdam e Romana urbe, dissertationem pro sabbati jejunio, scriptam perquam

 EPISTOLA XXXVII . Gratulatur sibi Augustinus litterarias suas lucubrationes legi et approbari a Simpliciano ejusque censurae subjicit tum caeteros su

 EPISTOLA XXXVIII . Augustinus Profuturo, de toleranda adversa valetudine de morte Megalii, et de cohibenda ira.

 EPISTOLA XXXIX . Hieronymus Augustino, commendans illi Praesidium, et salvere jubens Alypium.

 EPISTOLA XL . Augustinus Hieronymo de titulo vulgati ab ipso libri de Scriptoribus ecclesiasticis: tum de Petro reprehenso non mendaciter a Paulo, de

 EPISTOLA XLI . Alypius et Augustinus Aurelio gratulantes de sermonibus quos presbyteri praesente ipso ad populum habere coeperant, ipsumque rogantes u

 EPISTOLA XLII . Augustinus Paulino, flagitans ut litterarum debitum amplius anno integro non redditum exsolvat, mittatque sibi opus adversus Paganos,

 EPISTOLA XLIII . Quanta impudentia Donatistae persistant in suo schismate, tot judiciis convicti.

 EPISTOLA XLIV . Augustinus refert quae coepta sint agi de concordia cum Fortunio Donatistarum episcopo, cupiens ut sine tumultu, quod placide coeptum

 EPISTOLA XLV . Augustinus Paulino, rogans ut demum rescribat post biennii silentium, mittatque sibi opus contra Paganos, quod ab ipso elaborari dudum

 EPISTOLA XLVI . Publicola Augustino proponit multas quaestiones.

 EPISTOLA XLVII . Augustinus Publicolae dissolvit aliquot ex propositis quaestionibus.

 EPISTOLA XLVIII . Augustinus Eudoxio abbati monachorum insulae Caprariae, exhortans ut otio ad pietatem, non ad ignaviam utantur, et sicubi Ecclesia r

 EPISTOLA XLIX . Augustinus Honorato Donatianae partis, ut per litteras placide reddat rationem quomodo nomen Ecclesiae, quae utique in toto orbe futur

 EPISTOLA L . Augustinus Suffectanis expostulans de LX Christianorum nece, pollicensque suum illis reddendum Herculem.

 EPISTOLA LI . Augustinus Crispinum Calamensem Donatianae partis episcopum urget propositis breviter aliquod argumentis, ad ea si potest respondeat per

 EPISTOLA LII . Augustinus Severino consanguineo suo donatistae, ut deserat schisma scelestum et impudens.

 EPISTOLA LIII . Confutatur epistola presbyteri cujusdam donatistae qui Generosum catholicum Constantinensem seducere moliebatur, simulans ab angelo se

 AD INQUISITIONES JANUARII LIBER PRIMUS, SEU EPISTOLA LIV . Augustinus Januario respondet, docens quid agendum sit in iis in quibus regionum aut Eccles

 AD INQUISITIONES JANUARII LIBER SECUNDUS, SEU EPISTOLA LV . De ritibus Ecclesiae, vel iis quos negligi nefas est, vel us qui tollendi sunt, si citra m

 EPISTOLA LVI . Augustinus ad Celerem, jubens eum Litterarum sacrarum studio incumbere, ut discat hanc vitam collatione aeternae esse fumum et Donatis

 EPISTOLA LVII . Augustinus, libro quodam suo in eam rem conscripto, Celerem instruxerat, mera levitate Donatistas se ab Ecclesia catholica segregasse:

 EPISTOLA LVIII . Augustinus Pammachio viro senatori gratulatur, quod suos apud Numidiam colonos donatistas adhortationibus suis adduxerit ad Ecclesiam

 EPISTOLA LIX . Augustinus Victorino concilium convocanti, excusatoria, quare ad concilium non venturus sit: rogans ut prius cum Xantippo super jure pr

 EPISTOLA LX . Augustinus Aurelio significat Donatum et ipsius fratrem se venitente recessisse de monasterio: porro et monachis facilem lapsum, et ordi

 EPISTOLA LXI . Augustinus Theodoro ut prolata hac epistola fidem faciat clericos ex parte Donati venientes ad Ecclesiam catholicam, in suo ipsorum ord

 EPISTOLA LXII . Alypius, Augustinus et Samsucius Severo, excusantes quae in Timothei negotio gesta sunt.

 EPISTOLA LXIII . Rursum de Timotheo qui postquam jurasset se a Severo non recessurum, ordinatus fuerat subdiaconus apud Subsanam in dioecesi Hipponens

 EPISTOLA LXIV . Augustinus Quintiano, ipsum ad patientiam adhortans et Aurelio episcopo reconciliatum cupiens, agensque de Privatione quem ille suae E

 EPISTOLA LXV . Augustinus Xantippo Numidiae primati, rationem reddens cur Abundantio presbytero infami Ecclesiam committere noluerit.

 EPISTOLA LXVI . Expostulat cum Crispino Calamensi, qui Mappalienses metu subactos rebaptizarat.

 EPISTOLA LXVII . Augustinus Hieronymo: negans se scripsisse librum in eum in hoc falsus, quod aliquis prolixam epistolam librum appellasset.

 EPISTOLA LXVIII . Hieronymus Augustino, jam accepta epistola quae continet quaestionem de mendacio officioso, sed dubitans etiamnum an sit Augustini,

 EPISTOLA LXIX . Alypius et Augustinus Castorio, ipsum hortantes ut in episcopatu Vaginensis Ecclesiae Maximiano fratri suo gloriose cedenti succedat.

 EPISTOLA LXX . Donatistarum Catholicos traditionis insimulantium temeritas prodit sese in causa Feliciani ab ipsis primum solemniter damnati, ac poste

 EPISTOLA LXXI . Augustinus Hieronymo, dehortans a libris Testamenti veteris ex hebraeo vertendis, et exhortans ut Septuaginta versionem mire depravata

 EPISTOLA LXXII . Hieronymus Augustino expostulans de illius epistola per Italiam sparsa, qua taxabatur locus non recte expositus in Epistola ad Galata

 EPISTOLA LXXIII . Hieronymum litteris suis nonnihil offensum demulcere studet Augustinus. Apologiam illius contra Ruffinum accepisse se testatur, depl

 EPISTOLA LXXIV . Augustinus Praesidium rogat ut superiorem epistolam curet Hieronymo reddendam, utque sibi eumdem suis etiam litteris placet.

 EPISTOLA LXXV . Respondet tandem Hieronymus ad Augustini quaestiones propositas in Epist. 28, 40 et 71, scilicet de titulo libri ecclesiasticos script

 EPISTOLA LXXVI . Sub persona Ecclesiae catholicae cohortatur omnes Donatistas, ut resipiscentes redeant ad catholicam communionem.

 EPISTOLA LXXVII . Augustinus Felici et Hilarino, ut ne perturbentur obortis in Ecclesia scandalis. Porro de Bonifacio, qui in nullo apud se crimine de

 EPISTOLA LXXVIII . Quidam e monasterio Augustini Spes nomine, accusatus a Bonifacio presbytero, crimen in Bonifacium ipsum transtulit. Cum res evident

 EPISTOLA LXXIX . Augustini episcopi ad presbyterum quemdam Manichaeum, denuntians ut solvat quaestionem in qua praecessor ejus Fortunatus defecerat, v

 EPISTOLA LXXX . Cupit explicari liquidius a Paulino, quonam modo voluntatem Dei, quae nostrae praeferenda est, nosse possimus.

 EPISTOLA LXXXI . Hieronymus Augustino, excusans quod ipsius litteris responderit liberius Epistola 75, rogansque ut, omissis contentiosis quaestionibu

 EPISTOLA LXXXII . Receptis ab Hieronymo superioribus Epistolis 72, 75 et 81, rescribit accuratius Augustinus de interpretatione loci Epistolae ad Gala

 EPISTOLA LXXXIII Augustinus Alypio significans aliam se de bonis, quae fuerunt Honorati ex Thagastensi monacho presbyteri Thiavensis, iniisse sententi

 EPISTOLA LXXXIV . Novato episcopo Augustinus, excusans quod ad ipsum non mittat germanum ipsius Lucillum diaconum, quo latinae linguae perito carere n

 EPISTOLA LXXXV . Augustinus Paulum quemdam episcopum objurgat, qui Ecclesiam levitate sua graviter offendebat, ut ad frugem et episcopo dignam vitam r

 EPISTOLA LXXXVI . Augustinus Caeciliano praesidi, ut suo edicto Donatistas in regione Hipponensi et in vicinis locis coerceat.

 EPISTOLA LXXXVII . Augustinus Emerito donatistae, adhortans ut attendat et respondeat, qua justa causa schisma moverint.

 EPISTOLA LXXXVIII . Clerici Hipponenses catholici ad Januarium episcopum donatistam, expostulantes de Circumcellionum saevitia in Catholicos. Stilus e

 EPISTOLA LXXXIX . Augustinus Festo, docens recte legibus reprimi Donatistas et indicans in regione Hipponensi nondum eos Festi litteris correctos, se

 EPISTOLA XC . Augustino Nectarius paganus, agens ut suis civibus coloniae Calamensis condonentur quae expetendae erant ab ipsis poenae, non modo viola

 EPISTOLA XCI . Invehitur Augustinus in Paganorum sacra, et injurias Christianis recens illatas a Calamensibus enumerat ostendens ipsorum saluti benig

 EPISTOLA XCII . Augustinus Italicae viduae, consolans illam super obitu mariti, ac refellens eorum opinionem qui dicebant Deum videri oculis corporeis

 EPISTOLA XCIII . Augustinus Vincentii e schismate Rogatiano episcopi Cartennensis epistolam refellens, dicit visum sibi fuisse aliquando, non vi cum h

 EPISTOLA XCIV . Paulinus Augustino gratias agens pro libro vel epistola ab ipso recepta, prosequitur laudes Melaniae senioris, et unici ejus filii Pub

 EPISTOLA XCV . Augustinus superiori epistolae respondens agit de praesentis vitae statu, necnon de qualitate corporis beatorum, deque membrorum offici

 EPISTOLA XCVI . Augustinus Olympio, quem audierat provectum recens ad novam dignitatem (scilicet Magistri officiorum, quod ipsi munus post Stilichonis

 EPISTOLA XCVII . Augustinus Olympio, ut tueatur leges de confringendis idolis et haereticis corrigendis, quae vivo Stilichone missae sunt in Africam

 EPISTOLA XCVIII . Augustinus Bonifacio episcopo, respondens qui fiat ut infantibus in Baptismo prosit parentum fides, cum post Baptismum non noceat il

 EPISTOLA XCIX . Ex Romanorum calamitate susceptum animo dolore commiserationemque significat.

 EPISTOLA C . Augustinus Donato proconsuli Africae, ut Donatistas coerceat, non occidat.

 EPISTOLA CI . Augustinus Memorio episcopo libros ipsius de Musica flagitanti, sextum librum mittit, et caeteros si repererit, mittendos pollicetur ea

 SEX QUAESTIONES CONTRA PAGANOS EXPOSITAE, LIBER UNUS, SEU EPISTOLA CII .

 EPISTOLA CIII . Nectario petenti veniam tribui civibus suis rescripserat Augustinus in Epist. 97, non decere christianam benevolentiam, ut insigne ill

 EPISTOLA CIV . Ad superioris epistolae capita singula respondet Augustinus id praeter alia refellens, quod ex Stoicorum placito Nectarius induxerat,

 EPISTOLA CV . Donatistas ad unitatem exhortans, ostendit leges juste necessarioque in eos latas fuisse ab imperatoribus catholicis. Baptismi sanctitat

 EPISTOLA CVI . Augustinus Macrobio donatianae partis apud Hipponem, uti ex epistola 108 intelligitur, episcopo, agens ne subdiaconum quemdam rebaptize

 EPISTOLA CVII . Maximus et Theodorus Augustino renuntiantes quid ipsis coram responderit Macrobius ad ipsius litteras.

 EPISTOLA CVIII . Agit de non iterando Baptismo, coarguens Donatistarum hac in re contumaciam quippe qui Maximianensium baptisma ratum habuerunt. Evin

 EPISTOLA CIX. Severus, Milevitanus antistes, maximam delectationem fructumque ex Augustini lectione capere se profitetur, summis laudibus ipsum effere

 EPISTOLA CX . Augustinus Severo episcopo, blandissime expostulans et quaerens se ab ipso tantopere laudatum in superiore epistola.

 EPISTOLA CXI . Augustinus Victoriano presbytero, consolans eum ad toleranter accipienda mala quae barbari, in Italiam et Hispaniam incursionem facient

 EPISTOLA CXII . Donatum exproconsulem hortatur ut abjecto omni fastu sectetur Christum, atque ad Ecclesiae catholicae communionem suos alliciat.

 EPISTOLA CXIII . Cresconium rogat Augustinus ut suae pro Faventio petitionis adjutor sit.

 EPISTOLA CXIV . Ad Florentinum super eadem causa Faventii.

 EPISTOLA CXV . Ad Fortunatum Cirtensem episcopum, de eadem re.

 EPISTOLA CXVI . Generoso Numidiae Consulari Augustinus commendans causam Faventii.

 EPISTOLA CXVII . Dioscorus ad Augustinum mittit multas quaestiones ex libris Ciceronis, rogans ut mature ad eas respondeat.

 EPISTOLA CXVIII . Augustinus Dioscoro respondet ejusmodi quaestiones nec decore tractari ab episcopo, nec utiliter disci a christiano. Disputat de stu

 EPISTOLA CXIX . Consentius Augustino proponit quaestiones de Trinitate.

 EPISTOLA CXX . Consentio ad quaestiones de Trinitate sibi propositas.

 EPISTOLA CXXI . Paulinus Nolensis episcopus Augustino proponit quaestiones aliquot, primum de Psalmis, tum de Apostolo, et ad extremum de Evangelio.

 EPISTOLA CXXII . Augustinus clero et populo Hipponensi excusat absentiam suam, adhortans ut in sublevandis pauperibus solito sint alacriores, ob affli

 EPISTOLA CXXIII . Hieronymus Augustino quaedam per aenigma renuntians.

 EPISTOLA CXXIV . Augustinus ad Albinam, Pinianum et Melaniam ipsius desiderio venientes in Africam et Thagastae commorantes excusat se, quod illuc ad

 EPISTOLA CXXV . Cum Hipponem ad invisendum Augustinum venisset Pinianus, ibique rei sacrae interesset, subito populi tumultu ad presbyterium postulatu

 EPISTOLA CXXVI . Ejusdem argumenti cum superiore: Albinae scilicet Augustinus exponit quomodo res apud Hipponem circa Pinianum gesta fuerit, expostula

 EPISTOLA CXXVII . Augustinus Armentarium et hujus uxorem Paulinam hortatur ut mundum contemnant, et continentiae votum quo se pariter obligarunt exsol

 EPISTOLA CXXVIII . Marcellini edicto collationis apud Carthaginem habendae conditiones praescribenti consentire se profitentur episcopi catholici id

 EPISTOLA CXXIX . Catholici episcopi Notoriae Donatistarum respondent, significantes Marcellino se illis concedere quod petierant, ut universi qui vene

 EPISTOLA CXXX . Augustinus Probae viduae diviti praescribit quomodo sit orandus Deus.

 EPISTOLA CXXXI . Augustinus Probam resalutat, et gratias agit quod de salute ipsius fuerit sollicita.

 EPISTOLA CXXXII . Augustinus Volusiano, exhortans illum ut sacrarum scripturarum lectioni vacet, sibique rescribat si quid in eis difficultatis legent

 EPISTOLA CXXXIII . Augustinus Marcellino tribuno, ut Donatistas in quaestione confessos atrocia facinora, puniat citra supplicium capitis, uti congrui

 EPISTOLA CXXXIV . Augustinus Apringium proconsulem rogat ac monet ut Circumcelliones atrocia confessos mitius puniat, memor ecclesiasticae mansuetudin

 EPISTOLA CXXXV . Volusianus Augustino, proponens illi quaestiones: quomodo Deus immensus claudi potuerit utero virginis, et infantis corpusculo an mu

 EPISTOLA CXXXVI . Marcellinus Augustino, rogans ut Volusiano faciat satis, et narrans quosdam calumniari quod Deus veterem Legem prae taedio seu consi

 EPISTOLA CXXXVII . Respondet Augustinus ad singulas quaestiones superius propositas a Volusiano.

 EPISTOLA CXXXVIII . Augustinus ad Marcellinum, respondens epistolae 136, qua nimirum ille petierat ut satisfaceret Volusiano, et significarat quosdam

 EPISTOLA CXXXIX . Ut Gesta quae adversus Donatistas confecta sunt publicentur, utque rei castigentur mitius et citra mortis poenam.

 DE GRATIA NOVI TESTAMENTI LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CXL.

 EPISTOLA CXLI . Ad populum factionis donatianae, quomodo illorum episcopi in Carthaginensi collatione convicti sint. Itaque nunc demum redeant ad Eccl

 EPISTOLA CXLII . Augustinus Saturnino et Eufrati presbyteris, aliisque clericis, gratulans de ipsorum reditu ad Ecclesiam, eosque in ejus communione c

 EPISTOLA CXLIII . Paucis respondet ad quaestionem ex divinis Libris propositam a Marcellino. Tum explicat locum taxatum ex libris suis de Libero Arbit

 EPISTOLA CXLIV . Augustinus Cirtensibus a factione Donatistarum conversis ad Ecclesiae catholicae societatem gratulatur admonens ut hoc divino tribua

 EPISTOLA CXLV . Anastasio rescribens Augustinus, docet non per legem sed per gratiam, neque timore sed charitate impleri justitiam.

 EPISTOLA CXLVI . Pelagium resalutat, et pro litteris ipsius officiosis gratiam habet.

 DE VIDENDO DEO LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CXLVII . Docet Deum corporeis oculis videri non posse.

 EPISTOLA CXLVIII . Augustinus Fortunatiano episcopo Siccensi, ut episcopum quemdam ipsi reconciliet, quem litteris asperioribus offenderat, praesertim

 EPISTOLA CXLIX . Respondet ad quaestiones ex Psalmis, ex Apostolo, et ex Evangelio propositas a Paulino superius, in epistola centesima vicesima prima

 EPISTOLA CL . Augustinus Probae et Julianae nobilibus viduis gratulatur de filia earum Demetriade, quae virginitatis velum acceperat agens gratias pr

 EPISTOLA CLI . Caeciliano significat sui erga illum animi studium, vereremque amicitiam nihil imminutam esse: haudquaquam enim suspicari conscium ipsu

 EPISTOLA CLII . Macedonius Augustino, quaerens num ex religione sit quod episcopi apud judices intercedant pro reis.

 EPISTOLA CLIII . Quaesito respondet Augustinus multa obiter disserens de restituendis rebus quae proximo ablatae vel male partae sunt.

 EPISTOLA CLIV . Macedonius Augustino, significans se praestitisse quod ab ipso verecunde adeo petierat tum etiam ipsius libros magna cum voluptate et

 EPISTOLA CLV . Augustinus Macedonio, docens vitam beatam et virtutem veram non esse nisi a Deo.

 EPISTOLA CLVI . Hilarius Augustino, proponens illi quaestiones aliquot de quibus cupit edoceri.

 EPISTOLA CLVII . Augustinus Hilario, respondens ad illius quaestiones.

 EPISTOLA CLVIII . Evodius Uzalensis episcopus laudabiles mores ac felicem adolescentis cujusdam obitum prosecutus, ejusque et aliorum defunctorum narr

 EPISTOLA CLIX . Augustinus Evodio, respondens ad quaestiones de anima soluta corpore, et de visis prodigiosis.

 EPISTOLA CLX . Evodius Augustino, movens quaestionem de ratione et Deo.

 EPISTOLA CLXI . Evodius Augustino, de eo quod scriptum est in epistola 137, ad Volusianum, «Si ratio quaeritur, non erit mirabile, » etc., quo dicto a

 EPISTOLA CLXII . Augustinus Evodio respondet solutionem quaestionis in epistola 160 propositae petendum esse ex aliis opusculis a se editis. Confirmat

 EPISTOLA CLXIII . Evodius Augustino proponit aliquot quaestiones.

 EPISTOLA CLXIV . Augustinus Evodio, respondens ad duas quaestiones, quarum altera est de loco obscuro primae Petri, tertio capite, altera de anima Chr

 EPISTOLA CLXV . Hieronymus Marcellino et Anapsychiae, exponens diversas sententias de origine animae, hortans ut reliqua petant ab Augustino, et indic

 DE ORIGINE ANIMAE HOMINIS LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CLXVI .

 DE SENTENTIA JACOBI LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CLXVII .

 EPISTOLA CLXVIII . Timasius et Jacobus Augustino, gratias agentes pro scripto ipsis libro de Natura et Gratia, adversus libellum Pelagii, naturam non

 EPISTOLA CLXIX . Augustinus Evodio, respondens ad duas quaestiones, de Trinitate, et de columba in qua Spiritus sanctus demonstratus est docens diffi

 EPISTOLA CLXX . Alypius et Augustinus Maximo medico recens ab ariana haeresi ad fidem catholicam converso, hortantes ut studeat et alios eodem adducer

 EPISTOLA CLXXI Excusat formam superioris epistolae ad Maximum datae.

 EPISTOLA CLXXII . Hieronymus Augustino, laudans quidem illius duos libellos de Origine animae, ac de Sententia Jacobi sed excusans cur non responderi

 EPISTOLA CLXXIII . Augustinus Donato, villae Mutugennae in dioecesi Hipponensi presbytero donatistae, qui jussus comprehendi et adduci ad ecclesiam, c

 EPISTOLA CLXXIV . Augustinus Aurelio Carthaginensi episcopo, transmittens libros de Trinitate, absolutos demum secundum 0758 ipsius Aurelii aliorumque

 EPISTOLA CLXXV . Patres concilii Carthaginensis, Innocentio pontifici Romano, de actis adversus Pelagium et Celestium.

 EPISTOLA CLXXVI . Milevitani concilii Patres Innocentio, de cohibendis Pelagianis haereticis.

 EPISTOLA CLXXVII Aurelius aliique tres una cum Augustino episcopi, ad Innocentium de Pelagio, retegentes ipsius haeresim, eamque ab apostolica Sede pr

 EPISTOLA CLXXVIII . Augustinus Hilario, de Pelagiana haeresi duobus in Africa conciliis damnata.

 EPISTOLA CLXXIX . Augustinus Joanni episcopo Jerosolymitano, retegens Pelagii haeresim contentam in ejus libro, quem ipsi transmittit una cum libro de

 EPISTOLA CLXXX . Augustinus Oceano, rescribens paucis de animae origine, et de officioso mendacio, petensque ut mittat Hieronymi librum de Resurrectio

 EPISTOLA CLXXXI . Innocentius, Carthaginensis concilii Patribus, confirmans ipsorum doctrinam ac sententiam adversus Pelagianos.

 EPISTOLA CLXXXII . Innocentius Romanus pontifex, Patribus concilii Milevitani, comprobans illorum acta adversus Pelagianos.

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIII . Innocentii ad quinque Episcopos rescriptum, improbantis doctrinam Pelagii, eumque, nisi haeresim ejuret, damnandum esse pronuntian

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIV .

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIV BIS . Laudans Petri et Abrahae studium, Pelagianos obiter notat, probatque parvulos absque baptismo decedentes, utpote concupiscentia

 EPISTOLA CLXXXVI . Alypius et Augustinus Paulino episcopo, ipsum plenius instituentes adversus Pelagii haeresim.

 DE PRAESENTIA DEI LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CLXXXVII .

 EPISTOLA CLXXXVIII . Augustinus et Alypius Julianae viduae matri Demetriadis virginis, ne ipsa familiave ipsius imbibat virus propinatum in libro ad D

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIX . Bonifacio in militia merenti praescribit vitae rationem ostendens obiter licere christiano pro publica pace arma tractare.

 EPISTOLA CXC . Optato demonstrat quid de animae origine certum sit, quid merito vocetur in dubium, satagendumque esse hac in quaestione ut salva sit i

 EPISTOLA CXCI . Sixto presbytero (postea pontifici Romano) qui contra Pelagianos, quibus favisse rumor fuerat, defensionem gratiae Dei suscepisset, gr

 EPISTOLA CXCII . Augustinus Coelestino diacono (postea pontifici Romano), de mutua benevolentia.

 EPISTOLA CXCIII . Augustinus Mercatori, excusans cur ad ipsius priores litteras nondum responderit, ostendensque Pelagianos in quaestione de baptismo

 EPISTOLA CXCIV . Augustinus Sixto Romano presbytero (et postea Pontifici), instruens illum adversus Pelagianorum argumenta.

 EPISTOLA CXCV . Hieronymus Augustino, gratulans illi quod haereticorum omnium meruerit odium quod quidem gaudet sibi cum illo esse commune.

 EPISTOLA CXCVI . Augustinus Asellico episcopo, docens quae sit utilitas Mosaicae legis, quam Judaeorum more observare non licet Christianis: hos enim

 EPISTOLA CXCVII . Augustinus Hesychio Salonitano episcopo, de die supremo mundi non inquirendo, deque Hebdomadibus Danielis.

 EPISTOLA CXCVIII . Hesychius Augustino, significans consideratis divinis testimoniis de saeculi fine videri sibi diem quidem et horam frustra inquiri

 EPISTOLA CXCIX . DE FINE SAECULI . Augustinus Hesychio, commonstrans quomodo sint intelligentia Scripturae loca quae varie loquuntur de fine saeculi

 EPISTOLA CC . Augustinus Valerio comiti, transmittens nuncupatum ipsi librum primum de Nuptiis et Concupiscentia.

 EPISTOLA CCI . Imperatores nova in Pelagianos eorumque fautores sanctione edita, mandant Aurelio, necnon Augustino per ejusdem tenoris litteras seorsu

 EPISTOLA CCII . Hieronymus Alypio et Augustino gratulatur, quorum opera Celestiana haeresis exstincta sit et excusat cur nondum refellerit libros Ann

 EPISTOLA CCII BIS . Optato significat suae de animae origine consultationi abs Hieronymo non fuisse responsum, neque se hactenus quidquam de hac quaes

 EPISTOLA CCIII . Augustinus Largo, ut bona saeculi hujus vana expertus contemnat, utque ex perpessione malorum melior evadat.

 EPISTOLA CCIV . Augustinus Dulcitio tribuno et notario, imperialiumque jussionum adversus Donatistas datarum exsecutori, ex lib. 2 Retract., c. 59, si

 EPISTOLA CCV . Augustinus Consentio, respondens ad illius percontationes de corpore Christi quale nunc sit, necnon de nostris corporibus qualia futura

 EPISTOLA CCVI . Valerio comiti Felicem episcopum commendat.

 EPISTOLA CCVII . Augustinus Claudio episcopo, transmittens ipsi libros contra Julianum elaboratos.

 EPISTOLA CCVIII . Augustinus Feliciae virgini, quae malam quorumdam Ecclesiae pastorum vitam iniquiori animo ferebat (an Antonii Fussalensis de quo in

 EPISTOLA CCIX . Augustinus Coelestino Romano Pontifici, de ipsius electione pacifice facta (quae ad finem anni 422 referri potest) gratulatur: tum exp

 EPISTOLA CCX . Augustinus Felicitati et Rustico, de malis tolerandis et de fraterna correptione forte occasione tumultus in sanctimonialium conventu

 EPISTOLA CCXI . Augustinus monachas quae dum student mutare praepositam, indecenter fuerant tumultuatae, revocat ad concordiam, et praescribit illis v

 EPISTOLA CCXII . Augustinus Quintiliano, commendat matrem viduam cum filia virgine, quae deferebant reliquias Stephani martyris.

 ACTA ECCLESIASTICA SEU EPISTOLA CCXIII . Ecclesiastica Gesta a B. Augustino confecta in designando ERACLIO qui ipsi in episcopatu succederet, atque in

 EPISTOLA CCXIV . Augustinus Valentino Abbati et Monachis Adrumetinis, oborta inter eos dissensione de libero arbitrio et justitia Dei, ex prava interp

 EPISTOLA CCXV . Augustinus Valentine ejusque monachis, de eodem argumento, simul transmittens ipsis librum de Gratia et Libero Arbitrio.

 EPISTOLA CCXVI. . Valentinus Augustino, renuntians quae exstiterit causa dissidii, quive auctores tumultus in suo coenobio tum declarans fidem suam d

 EPISTOLA CCXVII . Augustinus Vitali Carthaginensi, delato quod doceret initium fidei non esse donum Dei, reclamat fortiter, ipsumque ex precibus Eccle

 EPISTOLA CCXVIII . Palatinum adhortatur ut in christiana sapientia proficiat ac perseveret, id summopere cavens ne spem bene vivendi collocet in propr

 EPISTOLA CCXIX . Augustinus aliique Africani patres, Gallicanis episcopis Proculo et Cylinnio qui Leporium monachum in fide incarnationis Verbi errant

 EPISTOLA CCXX . Augustinus Bonifacio comiti, qui concepto prius voto monachismi, post, ex ipsius consilio, suscepit comitis potestatem at praeter ips

 EPISTOLA CCXXI . Quodvultdeus Augustino, flagitans ut haereseon omnium quae adversus christianam fidem pullularunt, catalogum scribat, earumque errore

 EPISTOLA CCXXII . Augustinus Quodvultdeo, excusans propositi operis difficultatem, remque ab aliis tentatam esse admonens.

 EPISTOLA CCXXIII . Augustino Quodvultdeus, rursum efflagitans ut scribat opusculum de haeresibus.

 EPISTOLA CCXXIV . Augustinus Quodvultdeo, spondens se de haeresibus scripturum, dum per alias occupationes licebit. Nunc enim ab Alypio se urgeri dici

 EPISTOLA CCXXV . Prosper Augustino, de reliquiis pelagianae haereseos in Gallia sub catholico nomine clam succrescentibus certiorem ipsum faciens, ac

 EPISTOLA CCXXVI . Hilarius Augustino, de eodem argumento.

 EPISTOLA CCXXVII . Augustinus Alypio seni, de Gabiniano recens baptizato, et de Dioscoro miraculis converso ad Christianismum.

 EPISTOLA CCXXVIII . Augustinus Honorato, docens quandonam episcopo sive clericis fugere liceat, imminente obsidionis aut excidii periculo.

 EPISTOLA CCXXIX . Augustinus Dario comiti, qui pacis conferendae causa missus sit, gratulatur, et provocat ad rescribendum.

 EPISTOLA CCXXX . Darius Augustino, pro litteris ab eo acceptis gratiam referens, et petens mitti sibi libros Confessionum, seque ipsius apud Deum prec

 EPISTOLA CCXXXI . Augustinus Dario, declarans se ipsius litteris summopere delectatum, et quare ubi multa obiter de humanae laudis amore dicit: mitti

 EPISTOLA CCXXXII . Madaurenses idololatras ad veram religionem hortatur, terrorem incutiens denuntiatione judicii extremi, quod venturum esse persuade

 EPISTOLA CCXXXIII . Augustinus Longiniano pagano philosopho, provocans illum ad scribendum quonam modo Deum colendum credat, quidve de Christo sentiat

 EPISTOLA CCXXXIV . Longinianus Augustino, ad id respondens juxta Trimegistum et Platonicos, per minores deos perveniri ad summum Deum, sed non sine sa

 EPISTOLA CCXXXV . Augustinus Longiniano, explanari quaerens cur putari opus sacrificiis purificatoriis ei qui jam divinis virtutibus sit circumvallatu

 EPISTOLA CCXXXVI . Augustinus Deuterio episcopo, significat se Victorinum hypodiaconum qui clam docuerat haeresim Manichaeorum, deprehensum e clericor

 EPISTOLA CCXXXVII . Augustinus Ceretio, de Priscillianistarum fraude in Scripturis, cum sacris, tum apocryphis exponendis deque hymno quem a Christo

 EPISTOLA CCXXXVIII . Augustinus Pascentio, domus regiae comiti ariano, qui ipsum ad colloquium apud Carthaginem provocarat (ex Possidio, c. 17), et in

 EPISTOLA CCXXXIX . Augustinus Pascentio, de eadem re urgens ut explanet fidem suam.

 EPISTOLA CCXL . Pascentius Augustinum contumeliose compellat, urgens ut proferat qui se tribus personis sit unus Deus, ad conflictum sub arbitris prov

 EPISTOLA CCXLI . Augustinus Deum unum profitetur, triformem negat, conflictum non detrectat, si excipiantur quae dicuntur.

 EPISTOLA CCXLII . Augustinus Elpidio ariano, probans Filium Dei esse Deo aequalem, genitumque ex ipso, non factum spondens etiam se ariani cujusdam l

 EPISTOLA CCXLIII . Augustinus Laeto, qui perfectum mundi contemptum aggressus, videbatur sollicitari per satanam ad repetenda quae reliquerat. Hunc an

 EPISTOLA CCXLIV . Augustinus Chrisimo, consolans ne deficiat in adversis.

 EPISTOLA CCXLV . Augustinus Possidio, de cultu, fucis et inauribus, et de non ordinando quodam in parte Donati baptizato.

 EPISTOLA CCXLVI . Augustinus Lampadio, ostendens fatum in peccatis perperam excusari, quippe cujus vel ipsi mathematici nullam rationem habeant in sub

 EPISTOLA CCXLVII . Augustinus Romulum potentem hominem, quem in Christo genuerat, obsecrat ne nimium acerbus et injustus exactor sit tributorum admini

 EPISTOLA CCXLVIII . Augustinus Sebastiano, de pia tristitia quam boni ferunt ex impietate malorum. Huic epistolae subscripsit Alypius.

 EPISTOLA CCXLIX . Augustinus Restituto, quatenus mali tolerandi in Ecclesia.

 EPISTOLA CCL . Augustinus senex Auxilio episcopo juveni, ut aut anathematis sententiam rescindat, aut doceat quibus adductus causis putet ob unius pec

 EPISTOLA CCLI . Augustinus Pancario, de Secundino presbytero criminum quorumdam insimulato: contra quem accusationes haereticorum admittere non vult,

 EPISTOLA CCLII . Augustinus Felici, de pupilla quadam Ecclesiae tutelae commissa.

 EPISTOLA CCLIII . Augustinus ad Benenatum, de eadem puella (ut videtur) in matrimonium non tradenda nisi viro catholico.

 EPISTOLA CCLIV . Augustinus ad eumdem Benenatum, pronubum agentem Rustici filio.

 EPISTOLA CCLV . Augustinus ad Rusticum, de puella in connubium ejus filio petita.

 EPISTOLA CCLVI . Officiose Augustinus ad Christinum scribit.

 EPISTOLA CCLVII . Augustinus Orontio, resalutans illum.

 EPISTOLA CCLVIII . Augustinus Martiano veteri amico, gratulatur quod catechumenus sit factus, hortans illum ut fidelium Sacramenta percipiat.

 EPISTOLA CCLIX . Augustinus Cornelio scortis dedito, admonens illum ut Cyprianae uxoris defunctae pudicitiam imitetur, si velit illius impetrare laude

 EPISTOLA CCLX . Audax Augustino, flagitans mitti sibi prolixiorem epistolam.

 EPISTOLA CCLXI . Augustinus Audaci excusat occupationes suas, admonens ut vel intendat evolvendis ipsius libris, vel praesens audiat ipsum loquentem.

 EPISTOLA CCLXII . Augustinus Ecdiciae, quae nesciente viro suo, bona sua in eleemosynam distribuerat, et vidualem habitum induerat, correctionem adhib

 EPISTOLA CCLXIII . Augustinus Sapidae virgini, renuntiat se accepisse tunicam ipsius manibus contextam fratri, quem ipsa mortuum lugebat jamque eam,

 EPISTOLA CCLXIV Consolatur Maximam piam feminam, quae aegre admodum et perturbato aliquantum animo videbat noxiis erroribus periclitari provinciam sua

 EPISTOLA CCLXV . Augustinus Seleucianae, de baptismo et poenitentia Petri, contra quemdam novatianum.

 EPISTOLA CCLXVI . Augustinus Florentinae puellae studiosae, offerens suam docendi operam, si proferat quid velit exponi.

 EPISTOLA CCLXVII . Augustinus Fabiolae peregrinationem suam in hac vita moleste ferenti, de praesentia animorum nexu amicitiae vinctorum.

 EPISTOLA CCLXVIII . Fascius quidam aere alieno obrutus ad ecclesiam confugerat cujus creditoribus, mutua accepta pecunia, Augustinus satisfecit: eam

 EPISTOLA CCLXIX . Augustinus Nobilio episcopo, significans ad dedicationem novae fabricae se venire non posse.

 EPISTOLA CCLXX . Augustino Anonymus (non enim Hieronymus, uti ex stilo liquet, tametsi in ipsius Epistolis haec edita sit numero 40), significans se m

Letter CXXVI.

(a.d. 411.)

To the Holy Lady and Venerable Handmaid of God Albina, Augustin Sends Greeting in the Lord.

1. As to the sorrow of your spirit, which you describe as inexpressible, it becomes me to assuage rather than to augment its bitterness, endeavouring if possible to remove your suspicions, instead of increasing the agitation of one so venerable and so devoted to God by giving vent to indignation because of that which I have suffered in this matter. Nothing was done to our holy brother, your son-in-law Pinianus, by the people of Hippo which might justly awaken in him the fear of death, although, perchance, he himself had such fears. Indeed, we also were apprehensive lest some of the reckless characters who are often secretly banded together for mischief in a crowd might break out into bold acts of violence, finding occasion for beginning a riot with some plausible pretext for passionate excitement. Nothing of this nature, however, was either spoken of or attempted by any one, as I have since had opportunity to ascertain; but against my brother Alypius the people did clamorously utter many opprobrious and unworthy reproaches, for which great sin I desire that they may obtain pardon in answer to his prayers. For my own part, after their outcries began, when I had told them how I was precluded by promise from ordaining him against his will, adding that, if they obtained him as their presbyter through my breaking my word, they could not retain me as their bishop, I left the multitude, and returned to my own seat.982    Ad nostra subsellia. Thereupon, they being made for a little while to pause and waver by my unexpected reply, like a flame driven back for a moment by the wind, began to be much more warmly excited, imagining that possibly a violation of my promise might be extorted from me, or that, in the event of my abiding by my promise, he might be ordained by another bishop. To all to whom I could address myself, namely, to the more venerable and aged men who had come up to me in the apse, I stated that I could not be moved to break my word, and that in the church committed to my care he could not be ordained by any other bishop except with my consent asked and obtained, in granting which I should be no less guilty of a breach of faith. I said, moreover, that if he were ordained against his own will, the people were only wishing him to depart from us as soon as he was ordained. They did not believe that this was possible. But the crowd having gathered in front of the steps, and persisting in the same determination with terrible and incessant clamour and shouting, made them irresolute and perplexed. At that time unworthy reproaches were loudly uttered against my brother Alypius: at that time, also, more serious consequences were apprehended by us.

2. But although I was much disturbed by so great a commotion among the people, and such trepidation among the office-bearers of the church, I did not say to that mob anything else than that I could not ordain him against his own will; nor after all that had passed was I influenced to do what I had also promised not to do, namely, to advise him in any way to accept the office of presbyter, which had I been able to persuade him to do, his ordination would have been with his consent. I remained faithful to both the promises which I had made,—not only to the one which I had shortly before intimated to the people, but also to the one in regard to which I was bound, so far as men were concerned, by only one witness. I was faithful, I say, not to an oath, but to my bare promise, even in the face of such danger. It is true that the fears of danger were, as we afterwards ascertained, without foundation; but whatever the danger might be, it was shared by us all alike. The fear was also shared by all; and I myself had thoughts of retiring, being alarmed chiefly for the safety of the building in which we were assembled. But there was reason to apprehend that if I were absent some disaster might be more likely to occur, as the people would then be more exasperated by disappointment, and less restrained by reverential sentiments. Again, if I had gone through the dense mob along with Alypius, I had reason to fear lest some one should dare to lay violent hands on him; if, on the other hand, I had gone without him, what would have been the most natural opinion for men to have formed, if any accident had befallen Alypius, and I appeared to have deserted him in order to hand him over to the power of an infuriated people?

3. In the midst of this excitement and great distress, when, being at our wit’s end, we could not, so to speak, take breath, behold our pious son Pinianus, suddenly and quite unexpectedly, sends to me a servant of God, to tell me that he wished to swear to the people, that if he were ordained against his will he would leave Africa altogether, thinking, I believe, that the people, knowing that of course he could not violate his oath, would not continue their outcry, seeing that by perseverance they could gain nothing, but only drive from among us a man whom we ought at least to retain as a neighbour, if he was to be no more. As it seemed to me, however, that it was to be feared that the vehemence of the people’s grief would be increased by his taking an oath of this kind, I was silent in regard to it; and as he had by the same messenger begged me to come to him, I went without delay. When he had said to me again what he had stated by the messenger, he immediately added to the same oath what he had sent another messenger to intimate to me while I was hastening towards him, namely, that he would consent to reside in Hippo if no one compelled him to accept against his will the burden of the clerical office. On this, being comforted in my perplexities as by a breath of air when in danger of suffocation, I made no reply, but went with quickened pace to my brother Alypius, and told him what Pinianus had said. But he, being careful, I suppose, lest anything should be done with his sanction by which he thought you might be offended, said, “Let no one ask my opinion on this subject.” Having heard this, I hastened to the noisy crowd, and having obtained silence, declared to them what had been promised, along with the proffered guarantee of an oath. The people, however, having no other thought or desire than that he should be their presbyter, did not receive the proposal as I had expected they would, but, after talking in an under-tone among themselves, made the request that to this promise and oath a clause might be added, that if at any time he should be pleased to consent to accept the clerical office, he should do so in no other church than that of Hippo. I reported this to him: without hesitation he agreed to it. I returned to them with his answer; they were filled with joy, and presently demanded the promised oath.

4. I came back to your son-in-law, and found him at a loss as to the words in which his promise, confirmed by oath, could be expressed, because of various kinds of necessity which might emerge and might make it necessary for him to leave Hippo. He stated at the time what he feared, namely, that a hostile incursion of barbarians might occur, to avoid which it would be necessary to leave the place. The holy Melania wished to add also, as a possible reason for departure, the unhealthiness of the climate; but she was kept from this by his reply. I said, however, that he had brought forward an important reason deserving consideration, and one which, if it occurred, would compel the citizens themselves to abandon the place; but that, if this reason were stated to the people, we might justly fear lest they should regard us as prophesying evil, and, on the other hand, if a pretext for withdrawing from the promise were put under the general name of necessity, it might be thought that the necessity was only covering an intention to deceive. It seemed good to him, therefore, that we should test the feeling of the people in regard to this, and we found the result exactly as I had expected. For when the words which he had dictated were read by the deacon, and had been received with approbation, as soon as the clause concerning necessity which might hinder the fulfilment of his promise fell upon their ears, there arose at once a shout of remonstrance, and the promise was rejected; and the tumult began to break out again, the people thinking that these negotiations had no other object than to deceive them. When our pious son saw this, he ordered the clause regarding necessity to be struck out, and the people recovered their cheerfulness once more.

5. I would gladly have excused myself on the ground of fatigue, but he would not go to the people unless I accompanied him; so we went together. He told them that he had himself dictated what they had heard from the deacon, that he had confirmed the promise by an oath, and would do the things promised, after which he forthwith rehearsed all in the words which he had dictated. The response of the people was, “Thanks be unto God!” and they begged that all which was written should be subscribed. We dismissed the catechumens, and he adhibited his signature to the document at once. Then we [Alypius and myself] began to be urged, not by the voices of the crowd, but by faithful men of good report as their representatives, that we also as bishops should subscribe the writing. But when I began to do this, the pious Melania protested against it. I wondered why she did this so late, as if we could make his promise and oath void by forbearing from appending our names to it; I obeyed, however, and so my signature remained incomplete, and no one thought it necessary to insist further upon our subscription.

6. I have been at pains to communicate to your Holiness, so far as I thought sufficient, what were the feelings, or rather the remarks, of the people on the following day, when they heard that he had left the town. Whoever, therefore, may have told you anything contradicting what I stated, is either intentionally or through his own mistake misleading you. For I am aware that I passed over some things which seemed to me irrelevant, but I know that I said nothing but the truth. It is therefore true that our holy son Pinianus took his oath in my presence and with my permission, but it is not true that he did it in obedience to any command from me. He himself knows this: it is also known to those servants of God whom he sent to me, the first being the pious Barnabas, the second Timasius, by whom also he sent me the promise of his remaining in Hippo. As for the people themselves, moreover, they were urging him by their cries to accept the office of presbyter. They did not ask for his oath, but they did not refuse it when offered, because they hoped that if he remained amongst us, there might be produced in him a willingness to consent to ordination, while they feared lest, if ordained against his will, he should, according to his oath, leave Africa. And therefore they also were actuated in their clamorous procedure by regard to God’s work (for surely the consecration of a presbyter is a work of God); and inasmuch as they did not feel satisfied with his promise of remaining in Hippo, unless it were also promised that, in the event of his at any time accepting the clerical office, he should do it nowhere else than among them, it is perfectly manifest what they hoped for from his dwelling among them, and that they did not abandon their zeal for the work of God.

7. On what ground, then, do you allege that the people did this out of a base desire for money? In the first place, the people who were so clamorous have nothing whatever of this kind to gain; for as the people of Thagaste derive from the gifts which you have bestowed on their church no profit but the joy of seeing your good work, it will be the same in the case of the people of Hippo, or of any other place in which you have obeyed or may yet obey the law of your Lord concerning the “mammon of unrighteousness.” The people, therefore, in most vehemently insisting upon guiding the procedure of their church in regard to so great a man, did not ask from you a pecuniary advantage, but testified their admiration for your contempt of money. For if in my own case, because they had heard that, despising my patrimony, which consisted of only a few small fields, I had consecrated myself to the liberty of serving God, they loved this disinterestedness, and did not grudge this gift to the church of my birthplace, Thagaste, but, when it had not imposed upon me the clerical office, made me by force, so to speak, their own, how much more ardently might they love in our Pinianus his overcoming and treading under foot with such remarkable decision riches so great and hopes so bright, and a strong natural capacity for enjoying this world! I indeed seem, in the opinion of many, who compare themselves with themselves, to have rather found than forsaken wealth. For my patrimony can scarcely be considered a twentieth part of the ecclesiastical property which I am now supposed to possess as master. But in whatever church, especially in Africa, our Pinianus might be ordained (I do not say a presbyter, but) a bishop, he would be still in deep poverty compared with his former affluence, even if he were using the church’s revenues in the spirit of one lording it over God’s heritage. Christian poverty is much more clearly and certainly loved in the case of one in whom there is no room for suspecting a desire for acquiring an accession to his wealth. It was this admiration which kindled the minds of the people, and roused them to such violence of persevering clamour. Let us therefore not charge them gratuitously with base covetousness, but rather, without imputing unworthy motives, allow them at least to love in others that good thing which they do not themselves possess. For although there may have mixed in the crowd some who are indigent or beggars, who helped to increase the clamour, and were actuated by the hope of some relief to their wants out of your honourable affluence, even this is not, in my opinion, base covetousness.

8. It remains, therefore, that the reproach of disgraceful covetousness must be levelled indirectly at the clergy, and especially at the bishop. For we are supposed to act as lords of the church’s property; we are supposed to enjoy its revenues. In short, whatever money we have received for the church either is still in our possession or has been spent according to our judgment; and of it we have given nothing to any of the people besides the clergy and the brethren in the monastery, excepting only a very few indigent persons. I do not mean by this to say that the things which were said by you must necessarily have been said specially against us, but that, if said against any others than ourselves, they must have been incredible. What, then, shall we do? If it be not possible to clear ourselves before enemies, by what means may we at least clear ourselves before you? The matter is one pertaining to the soul; it is within us, hidden from the eyes of men, and known to God alone. What, then, remains for us but to call to witness God, to whom it is known? When, therefore, you harbour these suspicions concerning us, you do not command but absolutely compel us to give our oath,—a much more grievous wrong than the commanding of an oath, which you have thought proper in your letter to censure as highly culpable in me; you compel us, I say, not by menacing death to the body, as the people of Hippo were supposed to have done, but by menacing death to our good name, which deserves to be regarded by us as more precious than life itself, for the sake of those weak brethren to whom we endeavour in all circumstances to exhibit ourselves as ensamples in good works.

9. We, however, are not indignant against you who compel us to this oath, as you are indignant against the people of Hippo. For you believe, as men judging of other men, things which, though not actually existing in us, might possibly have existed. Your suspicions we must labour not so much to reprove as to remove; and since our conscience is clear in the sight of God, we must seek to clear our character in your sight. It may be, as Alypius and I said to each other before this trial occurred, that God will grant that not only you, our much-beloved fellow-members of Christ’s body, but even our most implacable enemies, may be thoroughly satisfied that we are not defiled by any love of money in our administration of ecclesiastical affairs. Until this be done (if the Lord, answering our prayer, permit it to be done), hear in the meantime what we are compelled to do, rather than put off for any length of time the healing of your heart. God is my witness that, as for the whole management of those ecclesiastical revenues over which we are supposed to love to exercise lordship, I only bear it as a burden which is imposed on me by love to the brethren and fear of God: I do not love it; nay, if I could, without unfaithfulness to my office, I would desire to be rid of it. God also is my witness that I believe the sentiments of Alypius to be the same as mine in this matter. Nevertheless, on the one hand, the people, and what is worse, the people of Hippo, have hastily done Alypius great wrong by entertaining another opinion of his character; and on the other hand, you who are saints of God and full of unfeigned compassion have, through believing such things concerning us, thought proper to touch and admonish us while nominally censuring the same people of Hippo, who have no part whatever in the guilt of the alleged covetousness. You have desired unquestionably to correct us, and that without hating us (this be far from you!); wherefore I ought not to be angry with you, but to thank you, because it was not possible for you to have combined modesty and freedom more happily than when, instead of stating your sentiments as an offensive accusation against the bishop, you left them to be discovered by indirect inferences.

10. Let not the fact that I have thought it necessary thus to confirm my statements by oath cause you vexation by making you think that you are treated with harshness. There was no hardness or lack of kindly feeling in the apostle towards those to whom he wrote: “Neither used we at any time flattering words, as ye know, nor a cloak of covetousness; God is witness.”983    1 Thess. ii. 5. In the thing which was opened to men’s observation he appealed to their own testimony, but in regard to that which was hidden, to whom could he appeal but to God? If, therefore, fear lest the ignorance of men should make them entertain some such thoughts concerning him was reasonably felt even by Paul, whose labours, as all men knew, were such that except in extreme necessity he never took anything for his own benefit from the communities to which he dispensed the grace of Christ, obtaining in all other cases the necessary provision for his support by working with his own hands, how much more pains must be taken to establish confidence in our disinterestedness by us, who are, both in the merit of holiness and in strength of mind, so far behind him, and who are not only unable to do anything by the work of our hands to support ourselves, but also precluded from this, even if we could work, by an accumulation of duties from which I believe that the apostles were exempt! Let the charge, therefore, of most base covetousness be brought no more in this matter against the Christian people—that is, the Church of Christ. For it is more tolerable that this charge be alleged against us, on whom the suspicion, though groundless, might fall without being utterly improbable, than on the people, of whom it is certainly known that they could not either cherish the covetous desire or be reasonably suspected of entertaining it.

11. For persons possessing any faith—and how much more the Christian faith!—to be unfaithful to their oath, I do not say by doing something contrary to it, but by hesitating at all as to its fulfilment, is utterly wrong. What my judgment is on this question I have with sufficient fulness declared in the letter which I sent to my brother Alypius. Your Holiness wrote asking me “whether I or the people of Hippo consider any one under obligation to fulfil an oath which has been extorted by violence.” But what is your opinion? Do you think that even if death, which in this case was feared without reason, were certainly imminent, a Christian might use the name of his Lord to confirm a lie, and call his God to be witness to a falsehood? For assuredly a Christian, if urged by the menace of instant death to perjure himself by false testimony, ought to fear the loss of honour more than the loss of life. Hostile armies confront each other in the battle-field with mutual menaces of death, about which there can be no uncertainty; and yet, when they pledge themselves to each other by oath, we praise those who are faithful to their engagement, and we justly abhor those who are unfaithful. Now what was the motive leading them to swear to each other, but the fear on both sides of being killed or taken prisoners? And by this promise even such men hold themselves bound, lest they be guilty of sacrilege and perjury if they did not fulfil the oath extorted by the fear of death or captivity, and broke the promise given in such circumstances: they are more afraid of breaking their oath than of taking a man’s life. And do we propose to discuss as a debatable question whether an oath must be fulfilled which has been given under fear of harm by servants of God, who are under pre-eminent obligations to holiness, by monks who are running the race towards Christian perfection, by distributing their property according to Christ’s command?

12. Tell me, I beseech you, what hardship deserving the name of exile, or transportation, or banishment, is involved in his promise to reside here? I suppose that the office of presbyter is not exile. Would our Pinianus prefer exile to that office? Far be it from us to find such apology for one who is a saint of God and very dear to us: God forbid, I say, that it should be said of him that he preferred exile to the office of presbyter, and preferred to perjure himself rather than submit to exile. This I would say even if it were true that the oath by which he promised to reside among us had been extorted from him but the fact is that, instead of being extorted in spite of his refusal, it was accepted when he had proffered it himself. It was accepted, moreover, as I have already said, because of the hope, which was encouraged by his remaining here, that he might also consent to comply with our desire that he should accept the clerical office. In fine, whatever opinion may be entertained concerning us or concerning the people of Hippo, the case of those who may have compelled him to take the oath is very different from that of those who may have—I do not say compelled, but at least—counselled him to break the oath. I trust, also, that Pinianus himself will not refuse to consider seriously whether it is worse to swear under the pressure of fear, however great, or, in the absence of all alarm, to commit deliberate perjury.

13. God be thanked that the men of Hippo regard his promise of residence here as kept fully, if only he come with the intention of making this town his home, and in going whithersoever necessity may call him, go with the intention of coming back to us again. For if they were to exact literal fulfilment of the words of the promise, it would be the duty of a servant of God to adhere to every sentence of it rather than forswear himself. But as it would be a crime for them so to bind any one, much more such a man as he is, so they have themselves proved that they had no such unreasonable expectation; for on hearing that he had gone away with the intention of returning, they expressed their satisfaction; and fidelity to an oath requires no more than the performance of what was expected by those to whom it was given. Let me ask, moreover, what is meant by saying that he, in giving the oath with his own lips, mentioned the possibility of necessity preventing his fulfilment of the promise? The truth is, that with his own lips he ordered the qualifying clause to be removed. If he put it in, it would be when he himself spoke to the people; but if he had done so, they assuredly would not have answered, “Thanks be unto God,” but would have renewed the protestations which they made when it was read with the qualifying clause by the deacon. And what difference does it really make whether this plea of necessity for departing from the promise was or was not inserted? Nothing more than we have stated above was expected from him; but he who disappoints the known expectation of those to whom his oath is given, cannot but be a perjured person.

14. Wherefore, let his promise be fulfilled, and let the hearts of the weak be healed, lest, on the one hand, those who approve of it be taught by such a conspicuous example to imitate an act of perjury, and lest, on the other hand, those who condemn it have just grounds for saying that none of us is worthy to be believed, not only when we make promises, but even when we give our oath. Let us especially guard against giving occasion in this to the tongues of enemies, which are used by the great Enemy as darts wherewith to slay the weak. But God forbid that we should expect from a man like Pinianus anything else than what the fear of God inspires, and the superior excellence of his own piety approves. As for myself, whom you blame for not interfering to forbid his oath, I admit that I could not bring myself to believe that, in circumstances so disorderly and scandalous, I ought rather to allow the church which I serve to be overthrown, than accept the deliverance which was offered to us by such a man.

EPISTOLA CXXVI . Ejusdem argumenti cum superiore: Albinae scilicet Augustinus exponit quomodo res apud Hipponem circa Pinianum gesta fuerit, expostulationibus ejus et male conceptis suspicionibus satisfaciens.

Dominae sanctae ac venerabili famulae Dei ALBINAE, AUGUSTINUS, in Domino salutem.

1. Dolorem animi tui, quem te scribis explicare 0477 non posse, consolari aequum est, non augere; ut si fieri potest, sanemus suspiciones tuas, non ut eis pro nostra causa succensendo, venerandum cor tuum et Deo dicatum amplius perturbemus. Sancto fratri nostro, filio tuo Piniano, nullus ab Hipponensibus metus mortis ingestus est, etiamsi forte ipse tale aliquid timuit. Nam et nos metuebamus ne ab aliquibus perditis, qui saepe multitudini occulta conspiratione miscentur, in violentam prorumperetur audaciam, occasione seditionis inventa quam velut justa indignatione concitarent. Sed, sicut post audire potuimus, nihil tale a quoquam dictum est vel molitum: sed vere in fratrem meum Alypium multa contumeliosa et indigna clamabant, a quo tam ingenti reatu utinam per illius orationes mereantur absolvi. Ego autem post primos eorum clamores, cum eis dixissem de illo invito non ordinando qua jam promissione detinerer, atque adjecissem quod si mea fide violata illum haberent presbyterum, me episcopum non haberent, ad nostra subsellia, relicta turba redieram. Tum illi aliquantulum inopinata mea responsione cunctati atque turbati, velut flamma vento paululum pressa, deinde coeperunt multo ardentius excitari, existimantes fieri posse ut vel mihi extorqueretur illud non servare promissum, vel me tenente promissi fidem, ab alio episcopo ordinaretur. Dicebam ego quibus poteram, qui ad nos in absidem honoratiores et graviores ascenderant, nec a promissi fide me posse dimoveri, nec ab alio episcopo in ecclesia mihi tradita, nisi me interrogato ac permittente, posse ordinari; quod si permitterem, a fide nihilominus deviarem. Addebam etiam, nihil eos velle, si ordinaretur invitus, nisi ut ordinatus abscederet. Illi hoc posse fieri non credebant. Multitudo vero pro gradibus constituta, horrendo et perseverantissimo clamorum fremitu in eadem voluntate persistens, incertos animi consiliique faciebat. Tunc illa in fratrem meum indigna clamabantur, tunc a nobis graviora timebantur.

2. Sed quamvis tanto motu populi et tanta perturbatione Ecclesiae permoverer, nec aliud constipationi illi dixissem, nisi eum me invitum ordinare non posse; nec sic tamen adductus sum, quia et hoc promiseram non me fuisse facturum, ut aliquid ei de suscipiendo presbyterio suaderem: quod si persuadere potuissem, non jam ordinaretur invitus. Servavi utriusque promissionis fidem, non solum illius quam jam populo patefeceram; verum etiam illius in qua uno teste, quantum ad homines attinet, detinebar. Servavi, inquam, fidem promissionis, non jurationis, in tanto periculo; quod licet falso, sicut postea comperimus, metuebatur, omnibus tamen, si quod esset, communiter impendebat: et erat metus ipse communis, ac propter ecclesiam in qua eramus maxime metuens, abscedere cogitabam. Sed metuendum fuit ne magis me absente tale aliquid faceret et reverentia minor, et dolor ardentior. Deinde si cum fratre Alypio discederem per populum constipatum, cavendum fuit ne quisquam in eum manum mittere auderet: si autem sine illo, quae frons esset existimationis, 0478 si quid ei fortassis accideret, et viderer eum propterea deseruisse, ut furenti populo traderetur?

3. Inter hos aestus meos gravemque moerorem, et nullius consilii respirationem, ecce repente atque inopinate sanctus filius noster Pinianus mittit ad me servum Dei, qui mihi diceret, eum se velle populo jurare, quod si esset ordinatus invitus, ex Africa omnino discederet; credo, existimans eos, quandoquidem pejerare non posset, non jam ulterius infructuosa perseverantia clamaturos, ad expellendum hinc hominem, quem saltem deberemus habere vicinum. Mihi autem, quia videbatur vehementiorem eorum dolorem post hanc jurationem fuisse metuendum, apud me tacitus habui; et quia simul petierat ut ad eum venirem, non distuli. Cum mihi dixisset hoc ipsum, continuo et illud adjunxit eidem jurationi, quod mihi, dum ad eum pergo, per alium Dei servum mandaverat, de praesentia scilicet sua, si ei clericatus sarcinam nolenti nullus imponeret. Hic ego in tantis angustiis quasi aura spirante recreatus, nihil ei respondi; sed ad fratrem Alypium gradu concitatiore perrexi, eique quid dixerit dixi. At ille, ut existimo, devitans ne quid se auctore fieret, unde vos putabat offendi, Hinc me, inquit, nemo consulat. Quo audito, ad populum tumultuantem perrexi, factoque silentio, quid promissum esset cum promissione etiam jurationis aperui. Illi vero qui solum ejus presbyterium cogitabant atque cupiebant, non ita ut putabam quod oblatum fuerat acceperunt; sed inter se aliquantulum mussitantes, petiverunt ut adderetur eidem promissioni atque jurationi, ut si quando illi ad suscipiendum clericatum consentire placuisset, non nisi in ipsa Hipponensi ecclesia consentiret. Retuli ad eum; sine dubitatione annuit. Renuntiavi illis, laetati sunt; et mox jurationem pollicitam poposcerunt.

4. Reverti ad filium nostrum, eumque inveni fluctuantem quibusnam verbis comprehendi posset illa cum juratione promissio, propter necessitates irruentes, quae possent eum ut abscederet cogere. Simul etiam quid timeret ostendit, ne quis irruisset hostilis incursus, qui esset discessione vitandus. Volebat addi sancta Melania, et aeris morbidi causationem; sed illius responsione reprehensa est. Ego autem dixi, gravem ab illo et non contemnendam causam necessitatis ingestam, quae cives etiam emigrare compelleret: sed si haec populo dicerentur, timendum esse ne male nos ominari videremur; si autem sub generali necessitatis nomine fieret excusatio, non nisi fraudulentam necessitatem putari. Placuit tamen ut de hac re populi animum experiremur; et nihil aliud quam id quod putaveramus invenimus. Nam cum ejus verba a diacono dicta recitarentur, et omnia placuissent; ubi nomen interpositae necessitatis insonuit, continuo reclamatum est, promissioque displicuit, tumultu recrudescente, et nihil aliud quam fraude secum agi populo existimante. Quod cum sanctus filius noster vidisset, jussit inde auferri nomen necessitatis, rursumque ad laetitiam populus remeavit.

0479 5. Et cum lassitudinem excusarem, sine me ad plebem accedere noluit; simul accessimus. Dixit ei quae a diacono audita erant se mandasse, se jurasse, eaque se esse facturum, continuoque omnia eo tenore quo dictaverat, prosecutus est. Responsum est, Deo gratias, et petitum ut totum scriptum subscriberetur. Dimisimus catechumenos, continuoque scriptum subscripsit. Deinde peti coepimus nos episcopi, non vocibus populi, sed tamen a populo per honestos fideles, ut nos quoque subscriberemus. At ubi coepi subscribere, sancta Melania contradixit. Miratus sum quare tam sero, quasi promissionem illam et jurationem nos, non subscribendo, facere possemus infectam: sed tamen obtemperavi; ac sic remansit mea non plena subscriptio, nec ultra nobis quisquam ut subscriberemus putavit instandum.

6. Qui autem alio die posteaquam ipsum discessisse didicerunt, fuerint motus vel linguae hominum, quantum satis arbitratus sum, Sanctitati vestrae per commonitorium intimare curavi. Quisquis itaque vobis contraria his quae narravi, forte narravit, aut mentitur, aut fallitur. Quaedam enim quae mihi ad curam non pertinere visa sunt, praetermisisse me sentio; nulla tamen falsa dixisse. Proinde sanctus filius noster Pinianus, quod me praesente ac permittente juraverit, verum est: quod autem me praecipiente juraverit, falsum est. Scit ipse, sciunt servi Dei quos ad me misit, primo sanctus Barnabas, deinde Timasius, per quem etiam de promissione praesentiae suae mihi mandavit. Ipse quoque populus ad presbyterium, non ad jusjurandum clamando cogebat: sed oblatum sibi non respuit, ea spe quo posset in eodem apud nos habitante voluntas fieri, quo consentiret ad ordinationem, ne sicut juraverat, si invitus ordinaretur, abscederet. Ac per hoc et illi propter opus Dei clamaverunt (neque enim sanctificatio presbyterii non est opus Dei); et quod postea de promissa praesentia gratulati non sunt, nisi adderetur quod si quando ad suscipiendum clericatum consentire vellet, nonnisi in Hipponensi ecclesia consentiret, satis in promptu est quod etiam de ipsa ejus apud se habitatione speraverint, ideoque ab illo operis Dei desiderio non recesserunt.

7. Quomodo ergo dicis hoc eos fecisse turpissimo appetitu pecuniae? Primo quia ad plebem quae clamabat, omnino non pertinet: sicut enim plebs Thagastensis de his quae contulistis Ecclesiae Thagastensi, non habet nisi gaudium boni operis vestri; sic et Hipponensis et cujuslibet alterius loci, ubi de mammona iniquitatis Domini praecepta fecistis, vel estis ubicumque facturi. Non ergo populus ut de tanto viro Ecclesiae consuleret suae ardentissime flagitans, suum pecuniarium quaesivit commodum a vobis; sed vestrum pecuniae contemptum dilexit in vobis. Nam si in me dilexerunt, quod audierant paucis agellulis paternis contemptis, ad Dei liberam servitutem me fuisse conversum, neque in hoc inviderunt Ecclesiae Thagastensi, quae carnalis patria mea est; sed cum 0480 illa clericatum mihi non imposuisset, quando potuerunt, habendum invaserunt: quanto flagrantius in nostro Piniano amare potuerunt tantam mundi hujus cupiditatem, tantas opes, tantam spem, tanta conversione superatam atque calcatam! Ego quippe secundum multorum sensum comparantium semetipsos sibimetipsis, non divitias dimisisse, sed ad divitias videor venisse. Vix enim vigesima particula res mea paterna existimari potest, in comparatione praediorum Ecclesiae, quae nunc ut dominus existimor possidere. In qualibet autem, maxime Africanarum Ecclesiarum, hic noster, non dico presbyter, sed episcopus sit, comparatus pristinis opibus suis, etiamsi animo dominantis egerit, pauperrimus erit. Multo ergo liquidius et securius in hoc amatur christiana paupertas, in quo nulla rerum ampliorum potest putari cupiditas. Hoc accendit animos populi, hoc in illam violentiam perseverantissimi clamoris erexit. Non eos turpis cupiditatis insuper accusemus, sed magis bonum quod ipsi non habent, saltem in aliis diligere sine crimine permittamus. Nam etsi fuerint illi multitudini permixti inopes vel mendici, qui simul clamabant, et de vestra venerabili redundantia indigentiae suae supplementum sperabant; nec ista, ut arbitror, cupiditas turpis est.

8. Restat ergo ut iste pecuniae turpissimus appetitus ex obliquo in clericos, et maxime in episcopum dirigatur. Nos enim rebus Ecclesiae dominari existimamur, nos opibus frui. Postremo quidquid de istis nos accepimus, nos vel adhuc possidemus, vel ut placuit erogavimus; nihil inde populo extra clericatum vel extra monasterium constituto, nisi paucissimis indigentibus largiti sumus. Non ergo dico quia vel in nos maxime a vobis dici ista debuerunt, verumtamen in nos solos credibiliter dici potuerunt. Quid ergo faciemus? qua nos, si apud inimicos non possumus, saltem apud vos ratione purgamus? Res haec animi est, intus est, procul ab oculis secreta mortalium, Deo tantummodo nota est. Quid ergo restat, nisi Deum testari cui nota est? Cum ergo de nobis ista sentitis, non praecipitis (quod multo melius est, et quod mihi in epistola tua tanquam culpabile objiciendum putasti), sed omnino cogitis ut juremus; non intentato metu mortis carnis nostrae, quod populus Hipponensis fecisse putatus est, sed intentato metu mortis existimationis nostrae, quae propter infirmos quibus nos praebere ad exemplum bonorum operum qualicumque conversatione conamur, etiam vitae carnis hujus utique praeponenda est.

9. Verumtamen vobis nos ita cogentibus ut juremus, non succensemus, sicut vos Hipponensibus succensetis. Creditis enim tanquam homines de hominibus, etsi ea quae in nobis non sunt, non tamen ea quae in nobis esse non possunt. Sananda ista in vobis, non accusanda sunt; et nostra purganda vobis est fama, si est Domino purgata conscientia. Qui fortasse praestabit, sicut antequam accidisset ista tentatio, ego et frater meus Alypius collocuti sumus, non ut solum vobis charissimis commembris nostris, verum etiam 0481 ipsis inimicissimis notissimum fiat, nulla nos cupiditate pecuniae in rebus ecclesiasticis sordidari. Quod donec fiat, si Dominus donabit ut fiat, ecce nunc interim quod cogimur facimus, ne vestri cordis medicinam in quantamlibet moram temporis differamus. Deus testis est, istam omnem rerum ecclesiasticarum procurationem, quarum credimur amare dominatum, propter servitutem quam debeo charitati fratrum et timori Dei, tolerare me, non amare; ita ut ea, si salvo officio possim, carere desiderem. Nec aliud me de fratre meo Alypio sentire, ipse Deus testis est. Tamen et de illo aliter sentiendo populus, et, quod est gravius, Hipponensis, in tantas est illius praecipitatus injurias: et de nobis vos sancti Dei et pleni visceribus misericordiae talia credendo, nomine ejusdem populi, qui ad causam hujuscemodi cupiditatis omnino non pertinet, nos tangere atque admonere voluistis; utique ad nos corrigendos, neque enim odio, quod absit a vobis: unde non irasci, sed gratias agere debeo, quod nec verecundius nec liberius agere potuistis, ut episcopo non quasi conviciose objiceretis, quod sentiebatis, sed ex obliquo intelligendum relinqueretis.

10. Nec molestum sit vobis, ut vos velut gravatos arbitremini, quia jurandum putavi. Neque enim gravabat Apostolus, aut eos parum diligebat quibus dicebat: Non in sermone adulationis fuimus apud vos, sicut scitis; nec in occasione cupiditatis, Deus testis est (I Thess. II, 5). Rei quippe apertae ipsos testes adhibuit; rei autem occultae quem, nisi Deum? Si ergo ille merito est veritus ne humana ignorantia de illo aliquid tale sentiret, cujus labor omnibus in promptu erat, quod nisi summa necessitate a populis quibus gratiam Christi dispensabat, in usus suos aliquid non sumebat, caetera vero suo victui necessaria suis manibus transigebat: quanto magis nobis laborandum est ut credatur, qui et merito sanctitatis et virtute animi longe impares sumus, nec aliquid ad sustentacula hujus vitae operari nostris manibus possumus; et si possemus, tantis occupationibus, quas tunc illos non credo fuisse perpessos, nequaquam sineremur? Non ergo ulterius in hac causa populo christiano, quae Ecclesia est Dei, objiciatur pecuniae turpissimus appetitus. Tolerabilius enim nobis objicitur, in quos hujus mali quamvis falsa, tamen verisimilis suspicio cadere potuit, quam illis, quos ab hoc appetitu et suspicione constat esse alienos.

11. Denegare autem jurationem qualibet fide praeditas mentes, quanto magis fide christiana, non dico aliquid contrarium confirmare, sed omnino dubitare fas non est. De qua re quid sentiam, satis, ut arbitror, in epistola quam ad fratrem meum scripsi, plenissime aperui. Scripsit mihi Sanctitas tua: Si aut ego aut Hipponenses hoc censent, ut jurejurando violenter extorto satisfiat. Tu enim ipsa quid censes? placetne tibi, ut etiam certa morte imminente, quod tunc inaniter metuebatur, nomen Domini Dei sui in fallaciam christianus assumat, Deum suum testem falsitati christianus adhibeat? Qui profecto si praeter jurationem ad 0482 falsum testimonium morte imminente cogeretur, maculare vitam suam magis timere debuit quam finire. Hostiles inter se acies et armatae, certe apertissima mortis intentatione confligunt; et tamen cum invicem jurant, laudamus fidem servantes, fallentes autem merito detestamur. Ut autem jurarent, quid utraeque ab alterutris, nisi occidi vel capi timuerunt? Ac per hoc vel mortis vel captivitatis metu extortae jurationi nisi pareatur, nisi fides quae ibi data est custodiatur, sacrilegii, perjurii crimine detinentur, etiam tales homines qui magis metuunt pejerare, quam hominem occidere: et nos utrum implenda sit extorta juratio servorum Dei, munere sanctitatis praeeminentium, monachorum ad perfectionem mandatorum Christi rerum etiam suarum distributione currentium, quasi disceptaturi ponimus quaestionem!

12. Nam quid exsilii, vel deportationis, aut relegationis nomine, promissa illa praesentia praegravatur, obsecro te? Puto quod presbyterium non est exsilium. Hoc ergo noster eligeret, quam illud exsilium? Absit a nobis, ut sic sanctus Dei et nobis charissimus defendatur: absit, inquam, ut dicatur maluisse exsilium quam presbyterium, aut maluisse perjurium quam exsilium. Haec dicerem, si vere a nobis, aut a populo juratio ei fuisset extorta promittendae praesentiae; nunc vero non extorta est dum negaretur, sed dum offerretur accepta. Et hoc ea spe, sicut supra diximus, quia per illam praesentiam creditum est, eum etiam ad clericatum suscipiendum posse desiderantibus consentire. Postremo quodlibet de nobis vel de Hipponensibus sentiatur, longe alia est eorum causa qui coegerint jurare, quam eorum qui, non dico coegerint, sed suaserint pejerare. Ipse etiam de quo agitur, considerare non renuat, utrum sit pejus, sub quolibet timore jusjurandum, an remoto ipso timore perjurium.

13. Deo gratias, quia non aliter Hipponenses promissum circa se impleri sentiunt, quam ut adsit voluntate habitandi, et eat quo necesse fuerit cum dispositione redeundi. Nam si verba jurationis attenderent et exigerent, tam nullo modo servus Dei recedere, quam ullo modo debuit pejerare. Sed quia crimen eorum esset, non dico talem virum, sed quemlibet hominem sic tenere; nec ipsi aliam exspectationem se habuisse probaverunt, qui audientes quod rediturus abscesserit gratulati sunt, nec aliud illis verax juratio debet, quam id quod ab illa exspectaverunt. Quid est autem quod dicitur, eum juratione ore suo expressa, exceptionem fecisse necessitatis? Quasi non ore suo hoc rursum jusserit auferri. Certe ad populum quando ipse locutus est, tunc etiam interponeret: quod si fecisset, non utique responderetur, Deo gratias; sed ad illam rediretur reclamationem quae facta fuerat, quando sic a diacono recitatum est. Et numquid ad rem pertinet, sive interposita sit ad recedendum necessitatis excusatio, sive non sit? Nihil ab illo aliud exspectatum est, quam id quod supra diximus. Exspectationem autem eorum quibus juratur, quisquis deceperit, non potest esse non perjurus.

0483 14. Fiat ergo quod promissum est, et infirmorum corda sanentur, ne tanto exemplo quibus hoc placuerit, ad imitandum perjurium aedificentur; quibus autem displicet, justissime dicant, nulli nostrum credendum esse, non solum promittenti aliquid, sed etiam juranti. Hinc enim potius cavendae sunt linguae inimicorum, de quibus tanquam jaculis ad interficiendos infirmos major utitur ille inimicus. Sed absit ut de tali anima speremus aliud quam quod Dei timor inspirat, et tanta, quae in illa est, excellentia sanctitatis hortatur. Ego autem, quem dicis etiam prohibere debuisse, fateor non potui sic sapere, ut tanto vel tumultu vel offensione magis everti vellem ecclesiam cui servio, quam id quod a tali viro nobis offerebatur, accipere.