S. AURELII AUGUSTINI HIPPONENSIS EPISCOPI DE GESTIS PELAGII Ad Aurelium episcopum. LIBER UNUS .

 0319 1. Posteaquam in manus nostras , sancte papa Aureli, ecclesiastica gesta venerunt, ubi Pelagius ab episcopis quatuordecim provinciae Palaestinae

 CAPUT PRIMUM.

 3. Aliud est autem, hominem per scientiam legis ad non peccandum adjuvari et aliud est, non posse esse sine peccato, nisi qui scientiam legis habueri

 CAPUT II.

 CAPUT III.

 6. Denique in illo libro, ubi illa capitula Pelagius scripsit, huic positioni , qua dixit, «Omnes voluntate propria regi, et suo desiderio unumquemque

 7. Nam et illud quod posuit de Psalmo in eodem Capitulorum libro, ut quasi probaret, «Omnes voluntate propria regi,» Dilexit maledictum, et veniet ei

 8. Quae cum ita sint, filii Dei qui hoc noverunt, et se Dei Spiritu regi et agi gratulantur, quomodo moveri potuerunt, cum audirent vel legerent a Pel

 9. Item recitatum est quod in libro suo Pelagius 0325 posuit, «In die judicii iniquis et peccatoribus non esse parcendum, sed aeternis eos ignibus exu

 10. Quod autem addidit Pelagius, «Et si quis aliter credit, Origenista est:» hoc acceperunt judices, quod revera in Origene dignissime detestatur Eccl

 11. Quomodo autem fiet hoc judicium, difficile in Scripturis sanctis comprehendi potest: modis enim multis significatur, quod uno modo futurum est. Na

 CAPUT IV.

 CAPUT V.

 14. Numquidnam ergo fratres nostros, ut etiam hoc inter caetera objicerent, sine causa verba ista moverunt? Non utique: sed Veteris Testamenti nomen m

 15. Quomodo ergo non merito commoverentur filii promissionis, filii liberae Jerusalem in coelis aeternae, cum ista discretio apostolica atque catholic

 CAPUT VI.

 17. Numquid hic poterant judices, vel debebant, incognita et incerta damnare, quando nemo contra aderat, qui ea quae ad viduam reprehensibilia scripta

 18. An et illud fortasse tractandum est, utrum recte dictum sit «non tanquam haereticos, sed tanquam stultos anathematizandos qui ita sentirent, quoni

 19. Nos sane cum hanc Pelagii defensionem in illa, quam prius accepimus, chartula legeremus , aderant quidam sancti fratres, qui se Pelagii libros exh

 20. Illud sane quod Pelagius suum esse confessus est, adhuc latebrosum est: sed puto quod in istorum gestorum consequentibus partibus elucebit. Ait en

 CAPUT VII.

 CAPUT VIII.

 CAPUT IX.

 CAPUT X.

 CAPUT XI.

 24. Ad haec sibi objecta, sicut gesta testantur. Pelagius ita respondit: «De posse quidem hominem sine peccato esse, dictum est,» inquit, «superius: d

 25. His autem quaestionibus, et istarum sententiarum contentiosissimis assertionibus jam usquequaque ferventibus, multorum fratrum perturbabatur infir

 26. Unde nunc duo illa videamus, quae noluit anathematizare Pelagius, qui etiam sua esse cognovit sed ut illud, quod in eis offendebat, auferret, quo

 CAPUT XII.

 28. Sed ad hoc objectum vigilanti circumspectione respondit, quam sine dubio catholici judices approbaverunt. «Dictum est,» inquit, «a nobis, sed ita,

 CAPUT XIII.

 CAPUT XIV.

 31. Dicam etiam aliquid laetius . Superius metuebam (Supra, n. 20), cum diceret Pelagius, adjuvante gratia Dei posse esse hominem sine peccato, ne for

 32. Sed quod ista sequitur, me rursum sollicitat. Cum enim de quinto capitulo libri Coelestii huic fuisset objectum, quod «affirment unumquemque homin

 33. Quid est ergo, unde me de hoc capitulo sollicitum factum esse praedixi? Hoc videlicet, quod ait Pelagius, «Donare Deum ei, qui fuerit dignus accip

 34. Hoc forte dicet: Ego non ex operibus, sed ex fide dixi Apostolum dignum fuisse, cui tantae illae gratiae donarentur non enim opera, quae bona ant

 35. Quid est ergo quod idem dicit apostolus, Bonum certamen certavi, cursum consummavi, fidem servavi de caetero superest mihi corona justitiae, quam

 36. Redditur ergo debitum praemium Apostolo digno: sed ipsum apostolatum indebitum gratia donavit 0342 indigno. An hoc me dixisse poenitebit? Absit: e

 37. Merito, quod gesta indicant, etiam hoc usus est testimonio sanctus Joannes Jerosolymitanae antistes Ecclesiae, sicut interrogatus quae apud illum

 CAPUT XV.

 CAPUT XVI.

 CAPUT XVII.

 41. Cur ergo, ait aliquis, hoc judices approbaverunt? Fateor, ideo jam ipse ambigo: sed nimirum, aut breve dictum eorum audientiam et intentionem faci

 CAPUT XVIII.

 CAPUT XIX.

 CAPUT XX.

 CAPUT XXI.

 CAPUT XXII.

 CAPUT XXIII.

 CAPUT XXIV.

 CAPUT XXV.

 50. At nunc si Pelagius Deum cogitat, si non est ingratus ejus misericordiae, qui eum ad episcoporum judicium propterea perduxit, ut haec anathemata d

 CAPUT XXVI.

 52. «Domino dilectissimo, et desideratissimo fratri Pelagio, Augustinus, in Domino salutem. Gratias ago plurimum, quod me litteris tuis exhilarare dig

 CAPUT XXIX.

 CAPUT XXX.

 55. Quid sibi ergo vult, quod in hac epistola ita gloriari ausi sunt, ut non solum possibilitatem non peccandi, sed etiam facilitatem, sicut in libro

 CAPUT XXXI.

 CAPUT XXXII.

 CAPUT XXXIII.

 58. Postea etiam de libro Coelestii capitula sibi objecta in eadem chartula multa congessit neque his intervallis quae continent gesta, duas responsi

 CAPUT XXXIV.

 CAPUT XXXV.

 61. Quoniam necesse erat impleri quod praedixit apostolus Paulus, Oportet et haereses esse, ut probati manifesti fiant in vobis (I Cor. XI, 19): post

 62. Ista haeresis cum plurimos decepisset, et fratres, quos non deceperat, conturbaret Coelestius quidam talia sentiens, ad judicium Carthaginensis E

 63. Ex iis etiam, quae Coelestium dixisse vel scripsisse, tanquam dogmata discipuli ejus, sunt objecta Pelagio sua quaedam et ipse cognovit, sed alit

 64. Has ex nomine Coelestii quatuor sententias non sic approbaverunt episcopi judices, sicut eas Coelestius sensisse dicebatur: sed sicut de his respo

 65. Nunc similiter recapitulando illa paulo attentius videamus, quae illum contraria reprobare et anathematizare dixerunt. In hoc enim potius tota hae

 66. De his autem quae post hoc judicium ibi a nescio quo cuneo perditorum, qui valde in perversum perhibentur Pelagio suffragari, incredibili audacia

55.—Pelagius’ Letter Discussed.

What, then, is the meaning of those vaunting words of theirs in this epistle, wherein they boast of having induced the fourteen bishops who sat in that trial to believe not merely that a man has ability but that he has “facility” to abstain from sinning, according to the position laid down in the “Chapters” of this same Pelagius,—when, in the draft of the proceedings, notwithstanding the frequent repetition of the general charge and full consideration bestowed on it, this is nowhere found? How, indeed, can this word fail to contradict the very defence and answer which Pelagius made; since the Bishop John asserted that Pelagius put in this answer in his presence, that “he wished it to be understood that the man who was willing to labour and agonize for his salvation was able to avoid sin,” while Pelagius himself, at this time engaged in a formal inquiry and conducting his defence,147    Ch. 16. At the synod of Diospolis. The proceedings before John, bishop of Jerusalem, were not duly registered. See above, 39. said, that “it was by his own labour and the grace of God that a man is able to be without sin?” Now, is a thing easy when labour is required to effect it? For I suppose that every man would agree with us in the opinion, that wherever there is labour there cannot be facility. And yet a carnal epistle of windiness and inflation flies forth, and, outrunning in speed the tardy record of the proceedings, gets first into men’s hands; so as to assert that fourteen bishops in the East have determined, not only “that a man is able to be without sin, and to keep God’s commandments,” but “easily to keep.” Nor is God’s assistance once named: it is merely said, “If he wishes;” so that, of course, as nothing is affirmed of the divine grace, for which the earnest fight was made, it remains that the only thing one reads of in this epistle is the unhappy and self-deceiving—because represented as victorious—human pride. As if the Bishop John, indeed, had not expressly declared that he censured this statement, and that, by the help of three inspired texts of Scripture,148    See above, 37. he had, as if by thunderbolts, struck to the ground the gigantic mountains of such presumption which they had piled up against the still over-towering heights of heavenly grace; or as if again those other bishops who were John’s assessors could have borne with Pelagius, either in mind or even in ear, when he pronounced these words: “We said that a man is able to be without sin and to keep the commandments of God, if he wishes,” unless he had gone on at once to say: “For the ability to do this God has given to him” (for they were unaware that he was speaking of nature, and not of that grace which they had learnt from the teaching of the apostle); and had afterwards added this qualification: “We never said, however, that any man could be found, who at no time whatever from his infancy to his old age had committed sin, but that if any person were converted from his sins, he could by his own exertion and the grace of God be without sin.” Now, by the very fact that in their sentence they used these words, “he has answered correctly, ‘that a man can, when he has the assistance and grace of God, be without sin;’” what else did they fear than that, if he denied this, he would be doing a manifest wrong not to man’s ability, but to God’s grace? It has indeed not been defined when a man may become without sin; it has only been judicially settled, that this result can only be reached by the assisting grace of God; it has not, I say, been defined whether a man, whilst he is in this flesh which lusts against the Spirit, ever has been, or now is, or ever can be, by his present use of reason and free will, either in the full society of man or in monastic solitude, in such a state as to be beyond the necessity of offering up the prayer, not in behalf of others, but for himself personally: “Forgive us our debts;”149    Matt. vi. 12. or whether this gift shall be consummated at the time when “we shall be like Him, when we shall see Him as He is,”150    1 John iii. 2.—when it shall be said, not by those that are fighting: “I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind,”151    Rom. vii. 23. but by those that are triumphing: “O death, where is thy victory? O death, where is thy sting?”152    1 Cor. xv. 55. Now, this is perhaps hardly a question which ought to be discussed between catholics and heretics, but only among catholics with a view to a peaceful settlement.153    This point, however, was definitely settled a year or two afterwards, at a council held in Carthage. (See its Canons 6–8.) See also above, the Preface to the treatise On the Perfection of Man’s Righteousness.

55. Quid sibi ergo vult, quod in hac epistola ita gloriari ausi sunt, ut non solum possibilitatem non peccandi, sed etiam facilitatem, sicut in libro Capitulorum ejusdem Pelagii positum est, judicantibus quatuordecim episcopis se persuasisse jactarent, cum toties eadem objecta gestis atque repetita nusquam hoc habere inveniantur? Quomodo enim etiam ipsi defensioni et responsioni Pelagii non est hoc verbum contrarium, cum et episcopus Joannes sic eum apud se respondisse dixerit, ut «eum vellet intelligi posse non peccare, qui voluerit pro salute sua laborare et agonizare;» et ipse jam gestis agens seque defendens, «proprio labore et Dei gratia,» dixerit, «hominem posse esse sine peccato?» Quomodo ergo facile fit, si laboratur ut fiat? Puto enim omnem sensum hominum nobiscum agnoscere quod ubi labor est, facilitas non est. Et tamen epistola carnalis ventositatis et elationis volat, et gestorum tarditate procurata, celeritate praecedens, in manus hominum praevolat, ut quatuordecim episcopis orientalibus placuisse dicatur, non solum «posse esse hominem sine peccato, et Dei mandata custodire,» sed et «facile custodire;» nec nominato Deo juvante, sed tantum, «si velit:» ut videlicet tacita, pro qua vehementissime pugnabatur, divina gratia, restet, ut sola in epistola legatur infelix, et se ipsam decipiens velut victrix, humana superbia. Quasi non hoc se dixerit culpasse Joannes episcopus, et velut giganteos montes adversus supereminentiam gratiae coelestis structos tribus divinorum testimoniorum tanquam fulminum ictibus dejecisse: aut vero cum illo etiam caeteri episcopi judices, vel mente, vel ipsis auribus ferrent Pelagium dicentem, «Posse quidem hominem sine peccato esse, et Dei mandata custodire, si velit, diximus;» nisi continuo sequeretur, «Hanc enim possibilitatem Deus illi dedit» (quod nesciebant illi, eum dicere de natura, non de illa, quam in apostolica praedicatione noverant, 0352 gratia); ac deinde conjungeret, «Non autem diximus, quod inveniatur aliquis, ab infantia usque ad senectam, qui nunquam peccaverit; sed quoniam a peccatis conversus, proprio labore et Dei gratia possit esse sine peccato.» Quod etiam sua sententia declararunt, dicentes, eum recte respondisse, hominem cum adjutorio Dei et gratia posse esse sine peccato:» quid aliud metuentes, nisi ne hoc negando, non possibilitati hominis, sed ipsi Dei gratiae facere viderentur injuriam? Nec tamen definitum est, quando fiat homo sine peccato, quod fieri posse adjuvante Dei gratia, judicatum est: non est, inquam, definitum, utrum in hac carne concupiscente adversus spiritum, fuerit, vel sit, vel futurus sit aliquis, jam ratione utens et voluntatis arbitrio, sive in ista frequentia hominum, sive in solitudine monachorum, cui non sit jam necessarium, non propter alios, sed etiam propter se ipsum dicere in oratione, Dimitte nobis debita nostra (Matth. VI, 12): an vero tunc perficiatur hoc donum, quando similes ei erimus, quando videbimus eum, sicuti est (I Joan. III, 2); quando dicetur, non a pugnantibus, Video aliam legem in membris meis repugnantem legi mentis meae (Rom. VII, 23); sed a triumphantibus, Ubi est, mors, victoria tua? ubi est, mors, aculeus tuus (I Cor. XV, 55)? Quod non inter Catholicos et haereticos, sed inter ipsos Catholicos fortasse pacifice requirendum est .