3. God created the heavens and the earth, but not only half;—He created all the heavens and all the earth, creating the essence with the form. For He is not an inventor of figures, but the Creator even of the essence of beings. Further let them tell us how the efficient power of God could deal with the passive nature of matter, the latter furnishing the matter without form, the former possessing the science of the form without matter, both being in need of each other; the Creator in order to display His art, matter in order to cease to be without form and to receive a form.  7  Fialon quotes Bossuet: “Je ne trouve point que Dieu, qui a créé toutes choses, ait eu besoin, comme un ouvrier vulgaire, de trouver une matiére préparée sur laquelle il travaillât, et de laquelle il dît son ouvrage. Mais, n’ayant besoin pour agir que de lui-même et de sa propre puissance il a fait tout son ouvrage. Il n’est point un simple faiseur de formes et de figures dans une matière préexistante; il a fait et la matière et la forme, c’est-à-dire son ouvrage dans son tout: autrement son ouvrage ne lui doit pas tout, et dans son fond il est indépendamment de son ouvrier.… “O Dieu quelle a été l’ignorance des sages du monde, qu’on a appelés philosophes d’avoir cru que vous, parfait architecte et absolu formateur de tout ce qui est, vous aviez trouvé sous vos mains une matière qui vous ótait co-éternelle, informe néamoins, et qui attendait de vous sa perfection! Aveugles, qui n’entendaient pas que d’être capable de forme, c’est deja quelque forme; c’est quelque perfection, que d’être capable de perfection; et si la matière avail d’elle-même ce commencement de perfection et de forme, elle en pouvait aussitôt avoir d’ellemême l’entier accomplissement. “Aveugles, conducteurs d’aveugles, qui tombez dans le prêcipice, et y jetez ceux qui vous suivent (St. Matthieu xv. 14), dites-mois qui a assujeti à Dieu ce qu’il n’a pas fait, ce qui est de soi aussi bien que Dieu, ce qui est indépendamment de Dieu même? Par où a-t-il trouvé prise sur ce qui lui est étranger et independant et sa puissance; et par quel art ou quel pouvoir se l’est-il soumis?…Mais qu’est-ce après tout que cette matière si parfait, qu’elle ait elle-même ce fond de son être; et si imparfaite, qu’elle attende sa perfection d’un autre? Dieu aura fait l’accident et n’aura pas fait la substance? (Bossuet, Elévations sur les mystères, 3e semaine, 2e elevat.) But let us stop here and return to our subject.

“  The earth was invisible and unfinished .” In saying “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth,” the sacred writer passed over many things in silence, water, air, fire and the results from them, which, all forming in reality the true complement of the world, were, without doubt, made at the same time as the universe. By this silence, history wishes to train the activity or our intelligence, giving it a weak point for starting, to impel it to the discovery of the truth. Thus, we are not told of the creation of water; but, as we are told that the earth was invisible, ask yourself what could have covered it, and prevented it from being seen? Fire could not conceal it. Fire brightens all about it, and spreads light rather than darkness around. No more was it air that enveloped the earth. Air by nature is of little density and transparent. It receives all kinds of visible object, and transmits them to the spectators. Only one supposition remains; that which floated on the surface of the earth was water—the fluid essence which had not yet been confined to its own place. Thus the earth was not only invisible; it was still incomplete. Even today excessive damp is a hindrance to the productiveness of the earth. The same cause at the same time prevents it from being seen, and from being complete, for the proper and natural adornment of the earth is its completion: corn waving in the valleys—meadows green with grass and rich with many coloured flowers—fertile glades and hill-tops shaded by forests. Of all this nothing was yet produced; the earth was in travail with it in virtue of the power that she had received from the Creator. But she was waiting for the appointed time and the divine order to bring forth.

Ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν: οὐκ ἐξ ἡμισείας ἑκάτερον, ἀλλ' ὅλον οὐρανὸν καὶ ὅλην γῆν, αὐτὴν τὴν οὐσίαν τῷ εἴδει συνειλημμένην. Οὐχὶ γὰρ σχημάτων ἐστὶν εὑρέτης, ἀλλ' αὐτῆς τῆς φύσεως τῶν ὄντων δημιουργός. Ἐπεὶ ἀποκρινέσθωσαν ἡμῖν, πῶς ἀλλήλοις συνέτυχον ἥ τε δραστικὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ δύναμις, καὶ ἡ παθητικὴ φύσις τῆς ὕλης: ἡ μὲν τὸ ὑποκείμενον παρεχομένη χωρὶς μορφῆς: ὁ δὲ τῶν σχημάτων τὴν ἐπιστήμην ἔχων, ἄνευ τῆς ὕλης, ἵν' ἑκατέρῳ τὸ ἐνδέον παρὰ θατέρου γένηται: τῷ μὲν δημιουργῷ τὸ ἔχειν ὅπου τὴν τέχνην ἐνεπιδείξηται, τῇ δὲ ὕλῃ τὸ ἀποθέσθαι τὴν ἀμορφίαν καὶ τοῦ εἴδους τὴν στέρησιν. Ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τούτων ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον. Πρὸς δὲ τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐπανίωμεν. Ἡ δὲ γῆ ἦν ἀόρατος καὶ ἀκατασκεύαστος. Εἰπὼν, Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν: πολλὰ ἀπεσιώπησεν, ὕδωρ, ἀέρα, πῦρ, τὰ ἐκ τούτων ἀπογεννώμενα πάθη: ἃ πάντα μὲν ὡς συμπληρωτικὰ τοῦ κόσμου συνυπέστη τῷ παντὶ δηλονότι: παρέλιπε δὲ ἡ ἱστορία, τὸν ἡμέτερον νοῦν γυμνάζουσα πρὸς ἐντρέχειαν, ἐξ ὀλίγων ἀφορμῶν παρεχομένη ἐπιλογίζεσθαι τὰ λειπόμενα. Ἐπεὶ οὖν οὐκ εἴρηται περὶ τοῦ ὕδατος ὅτι ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς, εἴρηται δὲ ὅτι ἀόρατος ἦν ἡ γῆ: σκόπει σὺ κατὰ σεαυτὸν τίνι παραπετάσματι καλυπτομένη οὐκ ἐξεφαίνετο. Οὔτε οὖν πῦρ αὐτὴν καλύπτειν ἠδύνατο. Φωτιστικὸν γὰρ καὶ καταφάνειαν παρέχον οἷς ἂν προσγένηται μᾶλλον ἢ σκοτῶδες τὸ πῦρ. Οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ἀὴρ προκάλυμμα ἦν τότε τῆς γῆς. Ἀραιὰ γὰρ καὶ διαφανὴς τοῦ ἀέρος ἡ φύσις, πάντα τὰ εἴδη τῶν ὁρατῶν δεχομένη, καὶ ταῖς τῶν ὁρώντων ὄψεσι παραπέμπουσα. Λειπόμενον τοίνυν ἐστὶ νοεῖν ἡμᾶς ὕδωρ ἐπιπολάζειν τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς γῆς, οὔπω πρὸς τὴν οἰκείαν λῆξιν τῆς ὑγρᾶς οὐσίας ἀποκριθείσης. Ἐκ δὲ τούτου οὐ μόνον ἀόρατος ἦν ἡ γῆ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀκατασκεύαστος. Ἡ γὰρ τοῦ ὑγροῦ πλεονεξία ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἐμπόδιόν ἐστι πρὸς καρπογονίαν τῇ γῇ. Ἡ οὖν αὐτὴ αἰτία, καὶ τοῦ μὴ ὁρᾶσθαι, καὶ τοῦ ἀκατασκεύαστον εἶναι: εἴπερ κατασκευὴ γῆς, ὁ οἰκεῖος αὐτῇ καὶ κατὰ φύσιν κόσμος, λήϊα μὲν ταῖς κοιλότησιν ἐγκυμαίνοντα, λειμῶνες χλοάζοντες καὶ ποικίλοις ἄνθεσι βρύοντες, νάπαι εὐθαλεῖς, καὶ ὀρῶν κορυφαὶ ταῖς ὕλαις κατάσκιοι: ὧν οὐδὲν εἶχεν οὐδέπω: ὠδίνουσα μὲν τὴν πάντων γένεσιν διὰ τὴν ἐναποτεθεῖσαν αὐτῇ παρὰ τοῦ δημιουργοῦ δύναμιν, ἀναμένουσα δὲ τοὺς καθήκοντας χρόνους, ἵνα τῷ θείῳ κελεύσματι προαγάγῃ ἑαυτῆς εἰς φανερὸν τὰ κυήματα.