2. And God said “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.”  2  Gen. i. 6. Yesterday we heard God’s decree, “Let there be light.” To-day it is, “Let there be a firmament.” There appears to be something more in this. The word is not limited to a simple command. It lays down the reason necessitating the structure of the firmament: it is, it is said, to separate the waters from the waters. And first let us ask how God speaks? Is it in our manner? Does His intelligence receive an impression from objects, and, after having conceived them, make them known by particular signs appropriate to each of them? Has He consequently recourse to the organs of voice to convey His thoughts? Is He obliged to strike the air by the articulate movements of the voice, to unveil the thought hidden in His heart? Would it not seem like an idle fable to say that God should need such a circuitous method to manifest His thoughts? And is it not more conformable with true religion to say, that the divine will and the first impetus of divine intelligence are the Word of God? It is He whom Scripture vaguely represents, to show us that God has not only wished to create the world, but to create it with the help of a co-operator. Scripture might continue the history as it is begun: In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth; afterwards He created light, then He created the firmament. But, by making God command and speak, the Scripture tacitly shows us Him to Whom this order and these words are addressed.  3  Origen, c. Cels. vi. says τὸν μὲν προσεχεῖς δημιουργὸν εἶναι τὸν υἱ& 232·ν τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγον, καὶ ὡσπερεὶ αὐτουργὸν τοῦ κόσμου, τὸν δὲ πατέρα τοῦ λόγου, τῷ προστεταχέναι τῷ υἱ& 242· ἑαυτοῦ λόγῷ ποιῆσαι τὸν κόσμον, εἶναι πρώτως δημιουργόν. cf. Athan., c. gentes § 48, sq. It is not that it grudges us the knowledge of the truth, but that it may kindle our desire by showing us some trace and indication of the mystery. We seize with delight, and carefully keep, the fruit of laborious efforts, whilst a possession easily attained is despised.  4  Solon is credited with the saying, δύσκολα τὰ καλά. cf. the German proverb, Gut ding wil weile haben, and Virgil in Georg. i. 121: “Pater ipse colendi Haud facilem esse viam voluit.” Such is the road and the course which Scripture follows to lead us to the idea of the Only begotten. And certainly, God’s immaterial nature had no need of the material language of voice, since His very thoughts could be transmitted to His fellow-worker. What need then of speech, for those Who by thought alone could communicate their counsels to each other? Voice was made for hearing, and hearing for voice. Where there is neither air, nor tongue, nor ear, nor that winding canal which carries sounds to the seat of sensation in the head, there is no need for words: thoughts of the soul are sufficient to transmit the will. As I said then, this language is only a wise and ingenious contrivance to set our minds seeking the Person to whom the words are addressed.

Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς γενηθήτω στερέωμα ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ ὕδατος, καὶ ἔστω διαχωρίζον ἀνὰ μέσον ὕδατος καὶ ὕδατος. Ἤδη καὶ χθὲς ἠκούσαμεν Θεοῦ ῥημάτων, Γενηθήτω φῶς. Καὶ σήμερον, Γενηθήτω στερέωμα. Πλέον δέ τι ἔχειν δοκεῖ τὰ παρόντα, ὅτι οὐκ ἀπέμεινεν ὁ λόγος ἐν ψιλῷ τῷ προστάγματι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν καθ' ἣν ἐπιζητεῖται τοῦ στερεώματος ἡ κατασκευὴ προσδιώρισεν. Ἵνα διαχωρίζῃ, φησὶν, ἀνὰ μέσον ὕδατος καὶ ὕδατος. Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἀναλαβόντες ζητῶμεν, πῶς ὁ Θεὸς διαλέγεται. Ἆρα τὸν ἡμέτερον τρόπον, πρότερον μὲν ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων τύπος ἐγγίνεται τῇ νοήσει, ἔπειτα μετὰ τὸ φαντασθῆναι, ἀπὸ τῶν ὑποκειμένων τὰς οἰκείας καὶ προσφυεῖς ἑκάστου σημασίας ἐκλεγόμενος ἐξαγγέλλει; εἶτα τῇ ὑπηρεσίᾳ τῶν φωνητικῶν ὀργάνων παραδοὺς τὰ νοηθέντα, οὕτω διὰ τῆς τοῦ ἀέρος τυπώσεως, κατὰ τὴν ἔναρθρον τῆς φωνῆς κίνησιν, ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ νόημα σαφηνίζει; Καὶ πῶς οὐ μυθῶδες τῆς τοιαύτης περιόδου λέγειν τὸν Θεὸν χρῄζειν πρὸς τὴν τῶν νοηθέντων δήλωσιν; Ἢ εὐσεβέστερον λέγειν, ὅτι τὸ θεῖον βούλημα καὶ ἡ πρώτη ὁρμὴ τοῦ νοεροῦ κινήματος, τοῦτο Λόγος ἐστὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ; Σχηματίζει δὲ αὐτὸν διεξοδικῶς ἡ Γραφὴ, ἵνα δείξῃ ὅτι οὐχὶ γενέσθαι μόνον ἐβουλήθη τὴν κτίσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διά τινος συνεργοῦ παραχθῆναι ταύτην εἰς γέννησιν. Ἐδύνατο γὰρ, ὡς ἐξ ἀρχῆς εἶπε, περὶ πάντων ἐπεξελθεῖν, Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν: εἶτα, Ἐποίησε φῶς: εἶτα, Ἐποίησε τὸ στερέωμα: νῦν δὲ τὸν Θεὸν προστάττοντα καὶ διαλεγόμενον εἰσάγουσα, τὸν ᾧ προστάσσει καὶ ᾧ διαλέγεται κατὰ τὸ σιωπώμενον ὑποφαίνει, οὐ βασκαίνουσα ἡμῖν τῆς γνώσεως, ἀλλ' ἐκκαίουσα ἡμᾶς πρὸς τὸν πόθον, δι' ὧν ἴχνη τινὰ καὶ ἐμφάσεις ὑποβάλλει τοῦ ἀπορρήτου. Τὸ γὰρ πόνῳ κτηθὲν, περιχαρῶς ὑπεδέχθη καὶ φιλοπόνως διεφυλάχθη: ὧν μέντοι πρόχειρος ὁ πορισμὸς, τούτων ἡ κτῆσις εὐκαταφρόνητος. Διὰ τοῦτο ὁδῷ τινι καὶ τάξει ἡμᾶς εἰς τὴν περὶ τοῦ Μονογενοῦς ἔννοιαν προσβιβάζει. Καίτοιγε τοῦ ἐν φωνῇ λόγου οὐδὲ οὕτως ἦν χρεία τῇ ἀσωμάτῳ φύσει, αὐτῶν τῶν νοηθέντων μεταδίδοσθαι δυναμένων τῷ συνεργοῦντι. Ὥστε τίς χρεία λόγου τοῖς δυναμένοις ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ νοήματος κοινωνεῖν ἀλλήλοις τῶν βουλευμάτων; Φωνὴ μὲν γὰρ δι' ἀκοὴν, καὶ ἀκοὴ φωνῆς ἕνεκεν. Ὅπου δὲ οὐκ ἀὴρ, οὐχὶ γλῶσσα, οὐχὶ οὖς, οὐ πόρος σκολιὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ συναίσθησιν ἀναφέρων τοὺς ψόφους, ἐκεῖ οὐδὲ ῥημάτων χρεία, ἀλλ' ἐξ αὐτῶν, ὡς ἂν εἴποι τις, τῶν ἐν καρδίᾳ νοημάτων τοῦ θελήματος ἡ μετάδοσις. Ὅπερ οὖν ἔφην, ὥστε διαναστῆναι τὸν νοῦν ἡμῶν πρὸς τὴν ἔρευναν τοῦ προσώπου πρὸς ὃν οἱ λόγοι, σοφῶς καὶ ἐντέχνως τὸ σχῆμα τοῦτο τῆς διαλέκτου παρείληπται.