8. If we simply read the words of Scripture we find only a few short syllables. “Let the waters bring forth fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven,” but if we enquire into the meaning of these words, then the great wonder of the wisdom of the Creator appears. What a difference He has foreseen among winged creatures! How He has divided them by kinds! How He has characterized each one of them by distinct qualities! But the day will not suffice me to recount the wonders of the air. Earth is calling me to describe wild beasts, reptiles and cattle, ready to show us in her turn sights rivalling those of plants, fish, and birds. “Let the earth bring forth the living soul” of domestic animals, of wild beasts, and of reptiles after their kind. What have you to say, you who do not believe in the change that Paul promises you in the resurrection, when you see so many metamorphoses among creatures of the air? What are we not told of the horned worm of India! First it changes into a caterpillar,  44  This word is curiously rendered by Eustathius verucæ, and by Ambrose caulis. Garnier (Præf. in Bas. 28) thinks that the latter perhaps found in some corrupt ms. κράμβην for κάμπην. then becomes a buzzing insect, and not content with this form, it clothes itself, instead of wings, with loose, broad plates. Thus, O women, when you are seated busy with your weaving, I mean of the silk which is sent you by the Chinese to make your delicate dresses,  45  Arist., H.A. v. 19. remember the metamorphoses of this creature, conceive a clear idea of the resurrection, and do not refuse to believe in the change that Paul announces for all men.

But I am ashamed to see that my discourse oversteps the accustomed limits; if I consider the abundance of matters on which I have just discoursed to you, I feel that I am being borne beyond bounds; but when I reflect upon the inexhaustible wisdom which is displayed in the works of creation, I seem to be but at the beginning of my story. Nevertheless, I have not detained you so long without profit. For what would you have done until the evening? You are not pressed by guests, nor expected at banquets. Let me then employ this bodily fast to rejoice your souls. You have often served the flesh for pleasure, to-day persevere in the ministry of the soul. “Delight thyself also in the Lord and he shall give thee the desire of thine heart.”  46  Ps. xxxvii. 4. Do you love riches? Here are spiritual riches. “The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether. More to be desired are they than gold and precious stones.”  47  Ps. xix. 9 and 10, LXX. Do you love enjoyment and pleasures? Behold the oracles of the Lord, which, for a healthy soul, are “sweeter than honey and the honey-comb.”  48  Ps. xix. 10. If I let you go, and if I dismiss this assembly, some will run to the dice, where they will find bad language, sad quarrels and the pangs of avarice. There stands the devil, inflaming the fury of the players with the dotted bones,  49  The κύβοι were marked on all six sides, the ἂστράγαλοι on only four, the ends being rounded. transporting the same sums of money from one side of the table to the other, now exalting one with victory and throwing the other into despair, now swelling the first with boasting and covering his rival with confusion.  50  With Basil’s description of the gaming tables, presumably of Cæsarea, cf. Ovid’s of those of Rome: “Ira subit, deforme malum, lucrique cupido; Jurgiaque et rixæ, sollicitusque dolor. Crimina dicuntur, resonat clamoribus æther, Invocat iratos et sibi quisque deos, Nulla fides: tabulæque novæ per vota petuntur, Et lacrymis vidi sæpe madere genis. De A.A.iii. 373 seqq. Of what use is bodily fasting and filling the soul with innumerable evils? He who does not play spends his leisure elsewhere. What frivolities come from his mouth! What follies strike his ears! Leisure without the fear of the Lord is, for those who do not know the value of time, a school of vice.  51  “Cernis ut ignavum corrumpant otia corpus.” Ovid, I. Pont. 6. “Facito aliquid operis ut semper Diabolus inveniat te occupatum. Jerome, In R. Monach. I hope that my words will be profitable; at least by occupying you here they have prevented you from sinning. Thus the longer I keep you, the longer you are out of the way of evil.

An equitable judge will deem that I have said enough, not if he considers the riches of creation, but if he thinks of our weakness and of the measure one ought to keep in that which tends to pleasure. Earth has welcomed you with its own plants, water with its fish, air with its birds; the continent in its turn is ready to offer you as rich treasures. But let us put an end to this morning banquet, for fear satiety may blunt your taste for the evening one. May He who has filled all with the works of His creation and has left everywhere visible memorials of His wonders, fill your hearts with all spiritual joys in Jesus Christ, our Lord, to whom belong glory and power, world without end. Amen.

Ἁπλῶς ἀναγινωσκόμενα τὰ ῥήματα τῆς Γραφῆς, συλλαβαί τινες εἰσι μικραί: Ἐξαγαγέτω τὰ ὕδατα πετεινὰ πετόμενα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κατὰ τὸ στερέωμα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ: ἐρευνωμένης δὲ τῆς ἐν τοῖς ῥήμασι διανοίας, τότε ἐκφαίνεται τὸ μέγα θαῦμα τῆς σοφίας τοῦ κτίσαντος. Πόσας προείδετο διαφορὰς πτηνῶν; ὅπως αὐτὰ κατὰ γένος διέστησεν ἀπ' ἀλλήλων; πῶς ἕκαστον κεχωρισμένοις ἐχαρακτήρισεν ἰδιώμασιν; Ἐπιλείπει με ἡ ἡμέρα, τὰ ἐναέρια ὑμῖν θαύματα διηγούμενον. Καλεῖ ἡμᾶς ἡ χέρσος πρὸς τὴν τῶν θηρίων καὶ ἑρπετῶν καὶ βοσκημάτων ἐπίδειξιν, ἑτοίμως ἔχουσα ὁμότιμα τοῖς φυτοῖς καὶ τῷ πλωτῷ γένει καὶ τοῖς πτηνοῖς πᾶσιν ἀντεπιδείξασθαι. Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν κτηνῶν καὶ θηρίων καὶ ἑρπετῶν κατὰ γένος. Τί φατε, οἱ ἀπιστοῦντες τῷ Παύλῳ περὶ τῆς κατὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἀλλοιώσεως, ὁρῶντες πολλὰ τῶν ἀερίων τὰς μορφὰς μεταβάλλοντα; Ὁποῖα καὶ περὶ τοῦ Ἰνδικοῦ σκώληκος ἱστορεῖται τοῦ κερασφόρου: ὃς εἰς κάμπην τὰ πρῶτα μεταβαλὼν, εἶτα προϊὼν βομβυλιὸς γίνεται, καὶ οὐδὲ ἐπὶ ταύτης ἵσταται τῆς μορφῆς, ἀλλὰ χαύνοις καὶ πλατέσι πετάλοις ὑποπτεροῦται. Ὅταν οὖν καθέζησθε τὴν τούτων ἐργασίαν ἀναπηνιζόμεναι, αἱ γυναῖκες, τὰ νήματα λέγω ἃ πέμπουσιν ὑμῖν οἱ Σῆρες πρὸς τὴν τῶν μαλακῶν ἐνδυμάτων κατασκευὴν, μεμνημέναι τῆς κατὰ τὸ ζῷον τοῦτο μεταβολῆς, ἐναργῆ λαμβάνετε τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἔννοιαν, καὶ μὴ ἀπιστεῖτε τῇ ἀλλαγῇ ἣν Παῦλος ἅπασι κατεπαγγέλλεται. Ἀλλὰ γὰρ αἰσθάνομαι τοῦ λόγου τὴν συμμετρίαν ἐκβαίνοντος. Ὅταν μὲν οὖν ἀπίδω πρὸς τὸ πλῆθος τῶν εἰρημένων, ἔξω ἐμαυτὸν ὁρῶ τοῦ μέτρου φερόμενον: ὅταν δὲ πάλιν πρὸς τὸ ποικίλον τῆς ἐν τοῖς δημιουργήμασι σοφίας ἀποβλέψω, οὐδὲ ἦρχθαι νομίζω τῆς διηγήσεως. Ἅμα δὲ καὶ τὸ παρακατέχειν ὑμᾶς ἐπὶ πλεῖον οὐκ ἄχρηστον. Τί γὰρ ἄν τις καὶ ποιοῖ τὸν μέχρι τῆς ἑσπέρας χρόνον; Οὐκ ἐπείγουσιν ὑμᾶς οἱ ἑστιάτορες: οὐκ ἀναμένει ὑμᾶς τὰ συμπόσια. Ὅθεν, εἰ δοκεῖ, τῇ σωματικῇ νηστείᾳ εἰς τὴν τῶν ψυχῶν εὐφροσύνην ἀποχρησώμεθα. Πολλάκις ὑπηρετήσας τῇ σαρκὶ πρὸς ἀπόλαυσιν, σήμερον τῇ διακονίᾳ παράμεινον τῆς ψυχῆς. Κατατρύφησον τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ δώσει σοι τὰ αἰτήματα τῆς καρδίας σου. Εἰ φιλόπλουτος εἶ, ἔχεις πλοῦτον πνευματικὸν, Τὰ κρίματα Κυρίου τὰ ἀληθινὰ, τὰ δεδικαιωμένα ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ, τὰ ἐπιθυμητὰ ὑπὲρ χρυσίον καὶ λίθον τίμιον πολύν. Εἰ ἀπολαυστικὸς καὶ φιλήδονος, ἔχεις τὰ λόγια τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ τὴν πνευματικὴν αἴσθησιν ἐρρωμένῳ Γλυκύτερα ὄντα ὑπὲρ μέλι καὶ κηρίον. Ἐὰν ὑμᾶς διαφῶ, καὶ διαλύσω τὸν σύλλογον, οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ τοὺς κύβους δραμοῦνται. Ὅρκοι ἐκεῖ, καὶ φιλονεικίαι χαλεπαὶ, καὶ φιλοχρηματίας ὠδῖνες. Δαίμων παρέστηκε διὰ τῶν κατεστιγμένων ὀστέων τὴν μανίαν ἐξάπτων, καὶ τὰ αὐτὰ χρήματα πρὸς ἑκάτερον μέρος μετατιθεὶς, νῦν τοῦτον ἐπαίρων τῇ νίκῃ, κἀκείνῳ κατήφειαν ἐμποιῶν, πάλιν δὲ ἐκεῖνον γαυριῶντα δεικνὺς, καὶ τοῦτον κατῃσχυμμένον. Τί ὄφελος, νηστεύειν τῷ σώματι, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν μυρίων κακῶν ἐμπεπλῆσθαι; Ὁ μὴ κυβεύων, σχολὴν δὲ ἄλλως ἄγων, τί οὐ φθέγγεται τῶν ματαίων; τί οὐκ ἀκούει τῶν ἀτόπων; Σχολὴ γὰρ, ἄνευ φόβου Θεοῦ, πονηρίας διδάσκαλος τοῖς ἀκαιρουμένοις ἐστί. Τάχα μὲν οὖν τι καὶ ὄφελος ἐν τοῖς λεγομένοις εὑρήσεται: εἰ δὲ μὴ, ἀλλὰ τό γε μὴ ἁμαρτάνειν ἐκ τῆς ἐνταῦθα ὑμῖν ἀσχολίας περίεστιν. Ὥστε τὸ ἐπὶ πλέον κατέχειν, ἐπὶ πλέον ἐστὶν ὑμᾶς τῶν κακῶν ὑπεξάγειν. Ἱκανὰ [καὶ] τὰ εἰρημένα εὐγνώμονι κριτῇ, ἐὰν μή τις πρὸς τὸν πλοῦτον τῆς κτίσεως ἀποβλέπῃ, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ τῆς ἡμετέρας δυνάμεως ἀσθενὲς, καὶ πρὸς τὸ αὔταρκες εἰς εὐφροσύνην τῶν συνεληλυθότων. Ἡ γῆ ὑμᾶς ταῖς οἰκείαις βλάσταις ἐδεξιώσατο: ἡ θάλασσα τοῖς ἰχθύσιν, ὁ ἀὴρ τοῖς πτηνοῖς. Ἑτοίμη ἡ χέρσος, ὁμότιμα τούτοις ἀντεπιδείξασθαι. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μέτρον ἔστω τῆς ἑωθινῆς ἑστιάσεως, ἵνα μὴ ὁ ὑπερβάλλων κόρος ἀμβλυτέρους ὑμᾶς πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἑσπερινῶν ἀπόλαυσιν καταστήσῃ. Ὁ δὲ τὰ πάντα πληρώσας τῆς ἑαυτοῦ κτίσεως, καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν ἡμῖν τῶν οἰκείων θαυμάτων ἐναργῆ τὰ ὑπομνήματα καταλιπὼν, πληρώσαι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας πάσης εὐφροσύνης πνευματικῆς, ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.