2. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature .”  5  Gen. i. 24. Behold the word of God pervading creation, beginning even then the efficacy which is seen displayed to-day, and will be displayed to the end of the world! As a ball, which one pushes, if it meet a declivity, descends, carried by its form and the nature of the ground and does not stop until it has reached a level surface; so nature, once put in motion by the Divine command, traverses creation with an equal step, through birth and death, and keeps up the succession of kinds through resemblance, to the last.  6  cf. note on Hom. v. p. 76. Nature always makes a horse succeed to a horse, a lion to a lion, an eagle to an eagle, and preserving each animal by these uninterrupted successions she transmits it to the end of all things. Animals do not see their peculiarities destroyed or effaced by any length of time; their nature, as though it had been just constituted, follows the course of ages, for ever young.  7  “Sed, si quæque suo ritu procedit, et omnes Fœdere naturæ certo discrimina servant.” Luc. v. 921. “Let the earth bring forth the living creature.” This command has continued and earth does not cease to obey the Creator. For, if there are creatures which are successively produced by their predecessors, there are others that even to-day we see born from the earth itself. In wet weather she brings forth grasshoppers and an immense number of insects which fly in the air and have no names because they are so small; she also produces mice and frogs. In the environs of Thebes in Egypt, after abundant rain in hot weather, the country is covered with field mice.  8  cf. Plin. ix. 84: Verum omnibus his fidem Nili inundatio affert omnia exedente miraculo: quippe detegente eo musculi reperiuntur inchoato opere genitalis aquæ terrœque, jam parte corporis viventes, novissima effigie etiamnum terrena.” So Mela De Nilo i. 9. “Glebis etiam infundit animas, ex ipsoque humo vitalia effingit,” and Ovid, Met. i. 42: “Sic ubi deseruit madidos septemfluus agros Nilus, et antiquo sua flumina reddidit alveo, Æthereoque recens exarsit sidere limus, Plurima cultores versis animalia glebis Inveniunt.” We see mud alone produce eels; they do not proceed from an egg, nor in any other manner; it is the earth alone which gives them birth.  9  Arist. H.A. vi. 16. Αἱ ἐγχέλυς γίγνονται εκ τῶν καλουμένων γῆς ἐντέρων ἃ αὐτόματα συνίσταται εν τῷ πηλῷ καὶ ἐν τῇ γῇ ἐνίκμῳ. Καὶ ἤδη εἰσιν ὠμμέναι αἱ μὲν ἐκδύνουσαι ἐκ τούτων, αἱ δὲ ἐν διακνιζομένοις καὶ διαιρουμένοις γίγνονται φανεραί. Let the earth produce a living creature.”

Cattle are terrestrial and bent towards the earth. Man, a celestial growth, rises superior to them as much by the mould of his bodily conformation as by the dignity of his soul. What is the form of quadrupeds? Their head is bent towards the earth and looks towards their belly, and only pursues their belly’s good. Thy head, O man! is turned towards heaven; thy eyes look up.  10  Arist., Part. An. iv. 10, 18. μόνον ὀρθόν ἐστι τῶν ζῴων ὁ ἄνθρωπος. When therefore thou degradest thyself by the passions of the flesh, slave of thy belly, and thy lowest parts, thou approachest animals without reason and becomest like one of them.  11  cf. Ps. xlix. 12. Thou art called to more noble cares; “seek those things which are above where Christ sitteth.”  12  Col. iii. 1. Raise thy soul above the earth; draw from its natural conformation the rule of thy conduct; fix thy conversation in heaven. Thy true country is the heavenly Jerusalem;  13  cf. Phil. iii. 20. thy fellow-citizens and thy compatriots are “the first-born which are written in heaven.”  14  Heb. xii. 23.

Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν κτηνῶν καὶ θηρίων καὶ ἑρπετῶν. Νόησον ῥῆμα Θεοῦ διὰ τῆς κτίσεως τρέχον, καὶ τότε ἀρξάμενον, καὶ μέχρι νῦν ἐνεργοῦν, καὶ εἰς τέλος δεξιὸν, ἕως ἂν ὁ κόσμος συμπληρωθῇ. Ὡς γὰρ ἡ σφαῖρα, ἐπειδὰν ὑπό τινος ἀπωσθῇ, εἶτα πρανοῦς τινος λάβηται, ὑπό τε τῆς οἰκείας κατασκευῆς καὶ τῆς ἐπιτηδειότητος τοῦ χωρίου φέρεται πρὸς τὸ κάταντες, οὐ πρότερον ἱσταμένη πρὶν ἄν τι τῶν ἰσοπέδων αὐτὴν ὑποδέξηται: οὕτως ἡ φύσις τῶν ὄντων ἑνὶ προστάγματι κινηθεῖσα, τὴν ἐν τῇ γενέσει καὶ φθορᾷ κτίσιν ὁμαλῶς διεξέρχεται, τὰς τῶν γενῶν ἀκολουθίας δι' ὁμοιότητος ἀποσώζουσα, ἕως ἂν πρὸς αὐτὸ καταντήσῃ τὸ τέλος. Ἵππον μὲν γὰρ ἵππου ποιεῖται διάδοχον, καὶ λέοντα λέοντος, καὶ ἀετὸν ἀετοῦ: καὶ ἕκαστον τῶν ζῴων ταῖς ἐφεξῆς διαδοχαῖς συντηρούμενον μέχρι τῆς συντελείας τοῦ παντὸς παραπέμπει. Οὐδεὶς χρόνος διεφθαρμένα ἢ ἐξίτηλα ποιεῖ τῶν ζῴων τὰ ἰδιώματα, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἄρτι καθισταμένη ἡ φύσις ἀεὶ νεαρὰ τῷ χρόνῳ συμπαρατρέχει. Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν. Τοῦτο ἐναπέμεινε τῇ γῇ τὸ πρόσταγμα, καὶ οὐ παύεται ἐξυπηρετουμένη τῷ κτίσαντι. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἐκ τῆς διαδοχῆς τῶν προϋπαρχόντων παράγεται: τὰ δὲ ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς γῆς ζῳογονούμενα δείκνυται. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον τέττιγας ἐν ἐπομβρίαις ἀνίησιν, οὐδὲ ἄλλα μυρία γένη τῶν ἐμφερομένων τῷ ἀέρι πτηνῶν, ὧν ἀκατωνόμαστά ἐστι τὰ πλεῖστα διὰ λεπτότητα, ἀλλ' ἤδη καὶ μῦς καὶ βατράχους ἐξ αὐτῆς ἀναδίδωσιν. Ὅπου γε περὶ Θήβας τὰς Αἰγυπτίας ἐπειδὰν ὕσῃ λάβρως ἐν καύμασιν, εὐθὺς ἀρουραίων μυῶν ἡ χώρα καταπληροῦται. Τὰς δὲ ἐγχέλεις οὐδὲ ἄλλως ὁρῶμεν ἢ ἐκ τῆς ἰλύος συνισταμένας: ὧν οὔτε ὠὸν οὔτε τις ἄλλος τρόπος τὴν διαδοχὴν συνίστησιν, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ἡ γένεσις. Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχήν. Τὰ κτήνη γήϊνα καὶ πρὸς γῆν νενευκότα, ἀλλὰ τὸ οὐράνιον φυτὸν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὅσον τῷ σχήματι τῆς σωματικῆς διαπλάσεως, τοσοῦτον καὶ τῷ ἀξιώματι τῆς ψυχῆς διενήνοχε. Τῶν τετραπόδων τὸ σχῆμα ποταπόν; Ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτῶν ἐπὶ γῆν προσνένευκεν, ἐπὶ γαστέρα βλέπει, καὶ τὸ ταύτης ἡδὺ ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου διώκει. Ἡ σὴ κεφαλὴ πρὸς οὐρανὸν διανέστηκεν: οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου τὰ ἄνω βλέπουσιν, ὡς ἐάν ποτε καὶ σὺ τοῖς πάθεσι τῆς σαρκὸς ἑαυτὸν ἀτιμάσῃς, γαστρὶ δουλεύων καὶ τοῖς ὑπὸ γαστέρα, παρασυνεβλήθης τοῖς κτήνεσι τοῖς ἀνοήτοις, καὶ ὡμοιώθης αὐτοῖς. Ἄλλη σοι μέριμνα πρέπουσα, τὰ ἄνω ζητεῖν, οὗ ὁ Χριστός ἐστιν, ὑπὲρ τὰ γήϊνα εἶναι τῇ διανοίᾳ. Ὡς διεσχηματίσθης, οὕτω διάθου σεαυτοῦ καὶ τὸν βίον. Τὸ πολίτευμα ἔχε ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Ἀληθινή σου πατρὶς ἡ ἄνω Ἱερουσαλὴμ, πολῖται καὶ συμφυλέται οἱ πρωτότοκοι, οἱ ἀπογεγραμμένοι ἐν οὐρανοῖς.