Homily VI.

1 Thessalonians iv. 9, 10

“But concerning love of the brethren we70    [Chrys. reads “we,” as do many N.T. documents; yet “ye” is pretty certainly right, having been altered because “ye have no need to write to you” is a harsh construction. The “and” after “brethren” is quite certainly genuine for Chrys., but has very slight authority for the N.T. text.—J.A.B.]have no need to write unto you: for ye yourselves are taught of God to love one another; for indeed ye do it toward all the brethren, and those which are in all Macedonia.”

Why then having discoursed with them earnestly concerning chastity, and being about to discourse about the duty of working, and about the not sorrowing for the departed, does he introduce that which was the principal of all good things, love, as if he were passing it over, saying, “We have no need to write to you”? This also is from his great wisdom, and belongs to spiritual instruction. For here he shows two things. First, that the thing is so necessary, as not to require instruction. For things that are very important are manifest to all. And secondly, by saying this he makes them more ashamed than if he had admonished them. For he who thinks that they have behaved aright, and therefore does not admonish them, even if they had not behaved aright, would the sooner lead them to it. And observe, he does not speak of love towards all,71    φιλαδελφία is strictly “lovingness toward brethren,” not merely “as of brethren.” but of that towards the brethren. “We have no need to write unto you.” He ought then to have been silent, and to say nothing, if there was no need. But now by saying there is no need, he has done a greater thing, than if he had said it.

“For ye yourselves are taught of God.” And see with how high a praise he has made God their Teacher in this matter. Ye need not, he says, to learn from man. Which also the prophet says, “and they shall all be taught of God.” (Isa. liv. 13.) “For ye yourselves,” he says, “are taught of God to love one another. For indeed ye do it toward all the brethren, and those which are in all Macedonia”; and toward all the others, he means. These words are very encouraging to make them do so. And I do not merely say, that ye are taught of God, but I know it from the things which you do. And in this respect he bore many testimonies to them.

“But we exhort you, brethren, that ye abound more and more, and study;” that is, increase and study.

Ver. 11, 12. “To be quiet, and to do your own business, and to work with your hands, even as we charged you: that ye may walk honestly72    [This ought to be now rendered “becomingly,” the English word “honestly” having ceased to carry that meaning.—J.A.B.] toward them that are without, and may have need of nothing.”

He shows of how many evils idleness is the cause, and of how many benefits industry. And this he makes manifest from things which happen among us, as he often does, and that wisely. For by these things the majority are led on more than by spiritual things. For it is a mark of love to our neighbors not to receive from them, but to impart to them. And observe. Being about to exhort and admonish, he places in the middle their good conduct, both that they may recover even from the preceding admonition, and from the threat, when he said, “He therefore that rejecteth, rejecteth not man, but God,” and that they may not be restive at this. And this is the effect of working, that one does not receive of others, nor live idly, but by working imparts to others. For it is said, “It is more blessed to give than to receive.” (Acts xx. 35.) “And to work,” he says, “with your hands.” Where are those, who look out for work that is spiritual? Seest thou how he takes from them every excuse, saying, “with your hands”? But does one practice fasting with his hands? or watchings all night? or lyings on the ground? This no one can say. But he is speaking of spiritual work. For it is truly spiritual, that one should by working impart to others, and there is nothing equal to this. “That ye may walk,” he says, “becomingly.” Seest thou whence he touches them? He has not said, that ye may not be shamed by begging. But he has indeed insinuated the same, yet he puts it in a milder way, so as both to strike and not to do this severely. For if those who are among us are offended at these things, much more those who are without, finding numberless accusations and handles, when they see a man who is in good health and able to support himself, begging and asking help of others. Wherefore also they call us Christ-mongers. On this account, he means, “the name of God is blasphemed.” (Rom. ii. 24.) But none of these things has he stated; but that which was able to touch them most nearly, the disgracefulness of the thing.

Ver. 13. “But we would not have you ignorant, brethren, concerning them that are asleep; that ye sorrow not, even as the rest, which have no hope.”

These two things, poverty and despondency, distressed them most, which also pertain to all men. See therefore how he remedies them. But their poverty arose from their goods being taken from them. But if he commands those, whose goods had been taken from them for Christ’s sake, to support themselves by working, much more then others. For that they were taken away is manifest from his saying, Ye became partakers73    [Chrys. is aiming to quote (ii. 14.), “Ye became imitators of the churches of God which are in Judæa”; and he then explains the situation in Judæa by quoting from the Epistle to the Hebrews. The chronology of the Epistles is seldom very real to his mind. The inaccurate and abridged quotation is natural, but of course the amended text filled it out, as seen in the earlier editions.—J.A.B.] with the churches of God. How partakers with them? “And ye took joyfully the spoiling of your possessions.” (Heb. x. 34.)

Here he proceeds now to start his discourse concerning the Resurrection. And why? Had he not discoursed with them upon that point?74    [Chrys. thinks of 1 Cor. xv. as preceding Thess. in time, and he had himself previously discoursed thereon.—J.A.B.] Yes, but here he glances at some further mystery. What then is this? “That we that are alive,” he says, “that are left unto the coming of the Lord, shall in nowise precede them that are fallen asleep.” The discourse then of the Resurrection was sufficient to comfort him that was grieving. But that which is now said is sufficient also to make the Resurrection eminently worthy of credit. But first let us speak of what precedes, “But we would not have you ignorant, brethren, concerning them that are asleep; that ye sorrow not, even as the rest, which have no hope.” See how here also he treats them mildly. He does not say, “Are ye so without understanding?” as he said to the Corinthians, “foolish”? that, knowing there is a resurrection, ye so sorrow, as those who do not believe; but he speaks very mildly, showing respect to their other virtues. And he has not said “concerning the dead,” but “them that are asleep,”75    [Chrys. has, as so often, the reading which became the Textus Receptus, viz. here the perfect participle, “them that are asleep.” The Rev. Ver. properly adopts the other reading, the present participle, “them that fall asleep,” in the successive instances. In ver. 14 and 15 (Hom. vii.) both Chrys. and N.T. have the aorist participle, “them that fell asleep,” loosely translated, “them that are fallen asleep.”—J.A.B.] even at the beginning suggesting consolation to them. “That ye sorrow not,” he says, “even as the rest, which have no hope.” Therefore to afflict yourselves for the departed is to act like those who have no hope. And they justly. For a soul that knows nothing of the Resurrection, but thinks that this death is death, naturally afflicts itself, and bewails and mourns intolerably as for lost ones. But thou, who expectest a resurrection, on what account dost thou lament? To lament then is the part of those who have no hope.

Hear this, ye women, as many of you as are fond of wailing, as many as at times of mourning take the sorrow impatiently, that ye act the part of heathens. But if to grieve for the departed is the part of heathens, then tell me whose part it is to beat one’s self, and tear the cheeks? On what account do you lament, if you believe that he will rise again, that he has not perished, that the matter is but a slumber and a sleep? You say, On account of his society, his protection, his care of our affairs, and all his other services. When therefore you lose a child at an untimely age, who is not yet able to do anything, on what account do you lament? Why do you seek to recall him? He was displaying, you say, good hopes, and I was expecting that he would be my supporter. On this account I miss my husband, on this account my son, on this account I wail and lament, not disbelieving the Resurrection, but being left destitute of support, and having lost my protector, my companion, who shared with me in all things—my comforter. On this account I mourn. I know that he will rise again, but I cannot bear the intermediate separation. A multitude of troubles rushes in upon me. I am exposed to all who are willing to injure me. Those of my servants who formerly feared me now despise me, and trample upon me. If any one has been benefited, he has forgotten the benefit he received from him; if any one was ill-treated by the departed, to return the grudge against him, he lets loose his anger upon me. These things do not suffer me to bear my widowhood. It is for these things that I afflict myself, for these things I bewail.

How then shall we comfort such? What shall we say? How shall we banish their sorrow?76    [See this subject copiously and admirably treated in one of Chrys.’s seven sermons on the Rich Man and Lazarus, entitled “Excessive Grief at the Death of Friends,” and translated in Fish’s “Masterpieces of Pulpit Eloquence” (New York), Vol. I., pp. 83 ff.—J.A.B.] In the first place I shall endeavor to convict them, that their wailing proceeds not from these things they say, but from an unreasonable passion. For if you mourn for these things, you ought always to mourn the departed. But if when a year has passed away, you forget him as if he had never been, you do not bewail the departed nor his protection. But you cannot endure the separation, nor the breaking off of your society? And what can they say, who even enter into second marriages? Sure enough! It is the former husbands that they long for. But let us not direct our discourse to them, but to those who preserve a kind affection towards the departed. Wherefore dost thou lament thy child? Wherefore thine husband? The former, because I had not enjoyed him, you say; the latter, because I expected that I should have enjoyed him longer. And this very thing, what want of faith does it argue, to suppose that thy husband or thy son constitutes thy safety, and not God! How dost thou not think to provoke Him? For often on this account He takes them away, that thou mayest not be so bound to them, so that it may withdraw thy hopes from them. For God is jealous, and wills to be loved by us most of all things: and that, because He loves us exceedingly. For ye know that this is the custom of those who love to distraction. They are excessively jealous, and would choose rather to throw away their life, than to be surpassed in esteem by any of their rival lovers. On this account also God hath taken him because of these words.77    i.e. “because you say such things about him.”

For, tell me, on what account were there not in old times widowhoods, and untimely orphanhoods? Wherefore did He permit Abraham and Isaac to live a long time? Because even when he was living he preferred God before him. He said indeed, slay; and he slew him. Why did he bring Sarah to so great an age? Because, even whilst she was living, he listened to God rather than to her. For this reason God said to him, “Hear Sarah thy wife.” (From Gen. xxi. 12.) No one then either from love to husband or wife, or on account of the protection of a child, provoked God to anger. But now because we are declining downwards, and have exceedingly fallen off, we men love our wives more than God, and we women honor our husbands more than God. It is on this account that He draws us even against our will to the love of Himself. Love not thy husband more than God, and thou shalt not ever experience widowhood. Or rather, even if it should happen, thou shalt not have the feeling of it. Why? Because thou hast an immortal Protector who loves thee better. If thou lovest God more, mourn not: for He who is more beloved is immortal, and does not suffer thee to feel the loss of him who is less beloved. This I will make manifest to thee by an example. Tell me, if thou hast a husband, complying with thee in all things, one that is respected, and that makes thee honorable everywhere, and not to be despised, one respected amongst all, intelligent and wise, and loving thee, thou being esteemed happy on his account, and in conjunction with him shouldest thou also bring forth a child, and then before it has arrived at the age of maturity, that child should depart; wilt thou then feel the affliction? By no means. For he that is more beloved makes it disappear. And now if thou love God more than thy husband, assuredly He will not soon take him away. But even if He should take him, thou wilt not be sensible of the affliction. For this reason the blessed Job felt no severe suffering, when he heard of the death of his children all at once, because he loved God more than them. And whilst He whom he loved was living, those things would not be able to afflict him.

What sayest thou, O woman? Thy husband or thy son was thy protector? But does not thy God spare thee? Who gave thee thy very husband? Was it not He? And who made thee? Was it not He? He surely who brought thee out of nothing into being, and breathed into thee a soul, and put in thee a mind, and vouchsafed to favor thee with the knowledge of Himself, and for thy sake spared not His only-begotten Son, does not He spare thee? And does thy fellow-servant spare thee? What wrath is due to these words! What of this kind hast thou had from thy husband? Thou canst not say anything. For if he has even done thee any kindness, it was after he had received kindness, you having previously begun. But in the case of God no one can say any such thing. For it is not as having received any favors from us that God benefits us, but being incapable of want, from His goodness alone He does good to mankind. He has promised thee a kingdom, He has given immortal life, glory, brotherhood, adoption. He has made thee fellow-heir with His Only-Begotten. And dost thou after so great benefits remember thy husband? What has he bestowed of this kind? He has made His sun to shine, He has given rain, He sustains thee with yearly nourishment. Woe to us for our great ingratitude!

For this reason He takes thy husband, that thou mayest not seek him. But dost thou still cling to him though departed, and forsakest God, when it was thy duty to give thanks, to cast it all upon Him? For what is it that thou hast received from thy husband? The pains of childbirth, and labors, and insults and reproaches often, and chidings, and bursts of anger. Are not these the things that come from husbands? But there are, you say, other things too that are good. Of what sort then are these? Did he set off thy beauty with costly garments? Did he put gold ornaments about thy face? Did he make thee respected by all? But if thou wilt, thou shalt adorn thyself with a much better ornament than the departed. For gravity makes its possessor much more admirable than golden ornaments. This King also has garments, not of this sort, but much better. With those, if thou wilt, invest thyself. Of what sort then are they? There is a clothing which has fringes of gold; if thou wilt, array the soul. But did he make thee not to be despised by men? And what is there great in that? Thy widowhood suffers thee not to be despised by the demons. Then thou ruledst over thy servants, if at least thou didst at all rule over them. But now, instead of thy servants, thou hast mastery over unbodied powers, principalities, authorities, the ruler of this world. And thou dost not mention the troubles, in which thou sharedst with him, sometimes the fear of magistrates, sometimes the preference given to neighbors. From all these things thou art now delivered, from dread and fear. But art thou solicitous who will support the children that are left thee? The “Father of the fatherless.” For tell me, who gave them? Dost thou not hear Christ in the Gospels saying, “Is not the life more than the food, and the body than the raiment?” (Matt. vi. 25.)

Seest thou, that thy lamentation is not from loss of his society, but from want of faith. But the children of a father that is dead are not equally illustrious. Wherefore? They have God for their Father, and are they not illustrious? How many can I show you brought up by widows, who have become famous, how many who have been under their fathers, and have been undone! For if thou bringest them up from their first youth, as they ought to be brought up, they will enjoy an advantage much greater than a father’s protection. For that it is the business of widows—I speak of the bringing up of children—hear Paul saying, “If she hath brought up children” (1 Tim. v. 10.); and again, “She shall be saved through the child-bearing,” (he has not said through her husband,) if they continue in faith and love and sanctification with sobriety.” (1 Tim. ii. 15.) Instill into them the fear of God from their first youth, and He will protect them better than any father; this will be a wall not to be broken. For when there is a guard seated within, we have no need of contrivances without: but where he is not, all our outward contrivances are vain.

This will be to them wealth and glory too and ornament. This will make them illustrious, not upon earth, but even in heaven. For do not look to those who are begirt with the golden girdles, nor those who are borne on horses, nor those who shine in kings’ palaces on account of their fathers, nor those who have footmen and tutors. For these things perhaps cause widows to bewail over their orphans, thinking that this my son also, if his father at least were living, would have enjoyed so much happiness; but now he is in a state of depression and dishonor, and worthy of no consideration. Think not of these things, O woman, but open to thee in thought the gates of heaven, consider the palace there, behold the King who is there seated. Consider if those who are upon the earth can be more illustrious than thy son there—and then groan. But if some are of good repute on earth, this is not worth any consideration. It is allowed him, if thou wilt, to be a soldier in heaven, to enlist him in the ranks of that army. For those who are enlisted there are not borne on horses, but in the clouds. They walk not upon earth, but are caught up into heaven. They have not slaves to go before them, but the Angels themselves. They stand not in the presence of a mortal king, but of Him who is immortal, the King of kings and Lord of lords. They have not a leathern girdle about their loins, but that glory which is unspeakable, and they are more splendid than kings, or whoever have been most illustrious. For in those royal courts not wealth is required, nor noble birth, nothing else than virtue alone; and where that is present, nothing is wanting to their obtaining the chief place.

Nothing is painful to us, if we are willing to cultivate wisdom. Look up to heaven, and see how much more splendid it is than the roofs of palaces. And if the pavement of the palaces above is so much more grand than those below, that the one may be considered as dirt in comparison with the other; if any one should be thought worthy to see those palaces perfectly, what blessedness will not be his!

“But she,” he says, “that is a widow indeed, and desolate, hath her hope set on God.” (1 Tim. v. 5.) To whom is this said? To those who have no78    [Two mss., which generally present good readings, give the negative. Other mss. and two editions have no negative, and that is the harder reading, likely to be altered. It may possibly be explained (Field) by understanding the foregoing question thus: “With reference to whom is this said?” i.e. in comparison with whom? Then the thought is that, in comparison with those who have children, a widow that is really such has better opportunities of usefulness. Comp. 1 Cor. vii. 32.—J.A.B.] children, because they are more highly approved, and have a greater opportunity of pleasing God, because all their chains are loosened to them. There is no one to hold them fast, no one to compel them to drag their chains after them. Thou art separated from thy husband, but art united to God. Thou hast not a fellow-servant for thy associate, but thou hast thy Lord. When thou prayest, tell me, dost thou not converse with God? When thou readest, hear Him conversing with thee. And what does He say to thee? Much kinder words than thy husband. For though indeed thy husband should flatter thee, the honor is not great, for he is thy fellow-servant. But when the Lord flatters the slave, then is the courtship great. How then does He court us? Hear by what means he does it. “Come,” He says, “unto Me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.” (Matt. xi. 28.) And again through the Prophet He calls, saying, “Will a woman forget to have compassion on the offspring of her womb? But even if a woman should forget, yet will I not forget thee, saith the Lord.” (Isa. xlix. 15, Sept.) Of how great a love are these words? And again, “Turn unto Me” (Isa. xlv. 22.); and again elsewhere, “Turn unto Me, and thou shalt be saved.” (Isa. xliv. 22.) And if one was willing to select too from the Canticles, taking them in the more mystical way, he will hear Him conversing and saying to every soul that is fitted for Him, “My fair one, my dove.” (Cant. ii. 10.) What is sweeter than these words? Seest thou the conversation of God with men? But what? tell me, seest thou not how many children of those blessed women are gone, and are in their tombs; how many have suffered more severely, and with their husbands have lost also their children? To these things let us attend; let us be anxious about these things, and nothing will be grievous to us, but we shall continue passing all our time in spiritual joy; and we shall enjoy the eternal blessings, of which may we all be partakers, by the grace and lovingkindness, &c.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Ϛʹ. Περὶ δὲ τῆς φιλαδελφίας οὐ χρείαν ἔχομεν γρά φειν ὑμῖν. Αὐτοὶ γὰρ ὑμεῖς θεοδίδακτοί ἐστε εἰς τὸ ἀγαπᾷν ἀλλήλους. Καὶ γὰρ ποιεῖτε αὐτὸ εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τοὺς ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Μα κεδονίᾳ. αʹ. Τί δήποτε περὶ σωφροσύνης σφοδρῶς αὐτοῖς διαλεχθεὶς, καὶ περὶ τοῦ δεῖν ἐργάζεσθαι μέλλων διαλέγεσθαι, καὶ περὶ τοῦ μὴ λυπεῖσθαι τοῖς ἀπελθοῦσιν, ὃ πάντων ἦν κεφάλαιον τῶν ἀγαθῶν τὸ τῆς ἀγάπης, τοῦτο κατὰ παράλειψιν τίθησι, λέγων: Οὐ χρείαν ἔχομεν γράφειν ὑμῖν; Καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῆς πολλῆς συνέσεως καὶ τῆς πνευματικῆς διδασκαλίας. Δύο γὰρ ἐνταῦθα ἐμφαίνει, ἓν μὲν, ὅτι οὕτως ἀναγκαῖον τὸ πρᾶγμα, ὡς μηδὲ διδασκαλίας δεῖσθαι: τὰ γὰρ σφόδρα μεγάλα πᾶσίν ἐστι δῆλα: δεύτερον δὲ, μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς ἐντρέπει, ἢ εἰ παρῄνεσε τοῦτο εἰπών. Ὁ γὰρ νομίζων, αὐτοὺς κατωρθωκέναι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μὴ παραινῶν, καὶ εἰ μὴ κατώρθωσαν, ἐνήγαγεν ἂν μᾶλλον. Καὶ ὅρα: Οὐ λέγει περὶ τῆς ἀγάπης τῆς εἰς πάντας, ἀλλὰ τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἀδελφούς. Οὐ χρείαν ἔχομεν γράφειν ὑμῖν. Ἐχρῆν οὖν σιωπῆσαι, καὶ μηδὲν εἰπεῖν, εἰ μὴ χρεία ἦν. Νῦν δὲ τῷ εἰπεῖν, Οὐ χρεία ἐστὶ, μεῖζον ἐποίησεν, ἢ εἰ εἶπεν: Αὐτοὶ γὰρ ὑμεῖς θεοδίδακτοί ἐστε. Καὶ ὅρα μεθ' ὅσου ἐγκωμίου τὸν Θεὸν αὐτοῖς διδάσκαλον ἐπέστησε τούτου. Οὐ δεῖσθε, φησὶ, παρὰ ἀνθρώπου μαθεῖν. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ προφήτης φησὶ, Καὶ ἔσονται πάντες διδακτοὶ Θεοῦ. Αὐτοὶ γὰρ ὑμεῖς, φησὶ, θεοδίδακτοί ἐστε εἰς τὸ ἀγαπᾷν ἀλλήλους. Καὶ γὰρ ποιεῖτε αὐτὸ εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τοὺς ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ: καὶ εἰς τοὺς ἄλλους πάντας, φησί. Σφόδρα ταῦτα ἐντρεπτικὰ πρὸς τὸ ποιεῖν αὐτό. Καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς λέγω, ὅτι θεοδίδακτοί ἐστε, ἀλλ' οἶδα ἀφ' ὧν ποιεῖτε. Καὶ πολλὰ αὐτοῖς ἐμαρτύρησε τούτου ἕνεκεν. Παρακαλοῦμεν δὲ ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοὶ, περισσεύειν μᾶλλον, τουτέστι, πλεονάζειν, καὶ φιλοτιμεῖσθαι ἡσυχάζειν, καὶ πράσσειν τὰ ἴδια, καὶ ἐργάζεσθαι ταῖς χερσὶν ὑμῶν, καθὼς παρηγγείλαμεν ὑμῖν, ἵνα περιπατῆτε εὐσχημόνως πρὸς τοὺς ἔξω, καὶ μηδενὸς χρείαν ἔχητε. Ἐνταῦθα δείκνυσιν ὅσων μὲν ἡ ἀργία κακῶν αἰτία, ὅσων δὲ ἡ ἐργασία καλῶν: καὶ ποιεῖ αὐτὸ σαφὲς ἀπὸ τῶν παρ' ἡμῖν, ὃ πολλαχοῦ ποιεῖ, καὶ τοῦτο συνετῶς: μᾶλλον γὰρ τούτοις ἐνάγονται οἱ πλείους, ἢ τοῖς πνευματικοῖς. Ἀγάπης γάρ ἐστι τῆς εἰς τοὺς πλησίον, οὐχὶ παρ' ἐκείνων λαμβάνειν, ἀλλ' ἐκείνοις παρέχειν. Καὶ θέα σύνεσιν: Μέλλων παρακαλεῖν καὶ παραινεῖν, μέσον τὸ κατόρθωμα τίθησιν, ἵνα καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς προτέρας παραινέσεως ἀναπνεύσωσι, καὶ τῆς ἀπειλῆς, ἡνίκα ἔλεγε: Τοιγαροῦν ὁ ἀθετῶν, οὐκ ἄνθρωπον ἀθετεῖ, ἀλλὰ τὸν Θεόν: καὶ ὅπως ταύτῃ μὴ ἀποσκιρτήσωσι. Τοῦτο δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐργάζεσθαι γίνεται, ὥστε μὴ λαμβάνειν μηδὲ ἀργεῖν, ἀλλ' ἐργαζόμενον ἑτέροις παρέχειν. Μακάριον γάρ ἐστι, φησὶ, διδόναι μᾶλλον, ἢ λαμβάνειν. Καὶ ἐργάζεσθαι, φησὶ, ταῖς χερσὶν ὑμῶν. Ποῦ τοίνυν εἰσὶν οἱ τὸ ἔργον ζητοῦντες τὸ πνευματικόν; Ὁρᾷς πῶς αὐτοῖς πᾶσαν πρόφασιν ἀνεῖλεν εἰπὼν, Ταῖς χερσὶν ὑμῶν. Ἆρα νηστείαν ἐργάζεταί τις ταῖς χερσίν; ἀλλὰ παννυχίδας; ἀλλὰ χαμευνίας; Οὐδεὶς τοῦτο ἂν εἴποι: ἀλλὰ περὶ ἔργου φησὶ τοῦ πνευματικοῦ: πνευματικὸν γὰρ ὄντως ἐστὶ, τὸ ἐργαζόμενον ἑτέροις παρέχειν, καὶ οὐδὲν ἴσον τούτου. Ἵνα περιπατῆτε, φησὶν, εὐσχημόνως. Ὁρᾷς πόθεν αὐτῶν καθάπτεται; Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἵνα μὴ ἀσχημονῆτε ἐπαιτοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τὸ αὐτὸ μὲν ᾐνίξατο, πραότερον δὲ αὐτὸ τίθησιν, ὥστε καὶ πλῆξαι καὶ μὴ σφόδρα τούτους βαρῆσαι. Εἰ γὰρ οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν σκανδαλίζονται τούτοις, πολλῷ μᾶλλον οἱ ἔξωθεν μυρίας εὑρίσκοντες κατηγορίας καὶ λαβὰς, ὅταν ἄνθρωπον ὑγιαίνοντα, καὶ ἑαυτῷ ἀρκέσαι δυνάμενον ὁρῶσιν ἐπαιτοῦντα, καὶ ἑτέρων δεόμενον. Διὸ καὶ Χριστεμπόρους καλοῦσιν ἡμᾶς: Διὰ τοῦτο τὸ ὄνομα, φησὶ, βλασφημεῖται τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων ἔθηκεν, ἀλλ' ὃ μάλιστα αὐτῶν καθάψασθαι ἴσχυε, τὸ τῆς ἀσχημοσύνης. Οὐ θέλομεν δὲ ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοὶ, περὶ τῶν κεκοιμημένων, ἵνα μὴ λυπῆσθε, καθὼς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ οἱ μὴ ἔχοντες ἐλπίδα. βʹ. Δύο ταῦτα μάλιστα ἐλυμαίνετο αὐτοὺς, πενία καὶ ἀθυμία, ἃ καὶ πάντας ἀνθρώπους. Ὅρα οὖν πῶς αὐτὰ θεραπεύει. Πενία δὲ αὐτοῖς ἦν ἐκ τοῦ ἡρπάσθαι αὐτῶν τὰ χρήματα. Εἰ δὲ ὧν τὰ χρήματα ἡρπάζετο διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν, τούτους κελεύει ἐργαζομένους τρέφεσθαι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοὺς ἄλλους. Ὅτι γὰρ ἡρπάγη, δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Ὑμεῖς μιμηταὶ ἐγένεσθε τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν τῶν ἐν Ἰουδαίᾳ. Πῶς; Ὅτι ἐκείναις γράφων ἔλεγε: Καὶ τὴν ἁρπαγὴν τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ὑμῶν μετὰ χαρᾶς προσεδέξασθε. Ἐνταῦθα λοιπὸν τὸν περὶ ἀναστάσεως λόγον κινεῖ. Καὶ τί; οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς περὶ τούτου διαλεχθείς; Ἀλλ' ἐνταῦθα ἕτερόν τι αἰνίττεται μυστήριον. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Ὅτι ἡμεῖς οἱ ζῶντες οἱ περιλειπόμενοι, φησὶν, εἰς τὴν παρουσίαν τοῦ Κυρίου, οὐ μὴ φθάσωμεν τοὺς κοιμηθέντας. Ἱκανὸς μὲν οὖν καὶ ὁ τῆς ἀναστάσεως λόγος παραμυθήσασθαι τὸν ἐν ὀδύνῃ: ἱκανὸν δὲ καὶ τὸ νῦν λεγόμενον ἀξιόπιστον ποιεῖν τὴν ἀνάστασιν. Πρῶτον δὲ ἐκεῖνο εἴπωμεν, ὃ καὶ αὐτὸς εἶπεν, Οὐ θέλω δὲ ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοὶ, περὶ τῶν κεκοιμημένων, ἵνα μὴ λυπῆσθε, καθὼς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ οἱ μὴ ἔχοντες ἐλπίδα. Ὅρα πῶς καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἡμέρως. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Οὕτως ἀνόητοί ἐστε, καθάπερ πρὸς Κορινθίους, οὕτως ἄφρονες, ὅτι εἰδότες ἀνάστασιν, ὡς οἱ μὴ πιστεύοντες, οὕτω λυπεῖσθε: ἀλλὰ σφόδρα ἡμέρως, Οὐ θέλω, εἶπε, τὴν ἄλλην αὐτῶν ἀρετὴν αἰδούμενος. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, περὶ τῶν ἀποθανόντων, εὐθέως ἀπὸ προοιμίων τὴν παράκλησιν καταβαλλόμενος. Ἵνα μὴ λυπῆσθε, φησὶν, ὡς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ οἱ μὴ ἔχοντες ἐλπίδα. Ἄρα τὸ κατακόπτεσθαι ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀπελθοῦσι, τῶν οὐκ ἐχόντων ἐστὶν ἐλπίδα: εἰκότως. Ψυχὴ γὰρ οὐδὲν περὶ ἀναστάσεως ἐπισταμένη, ἀλλὰ τὸν θάνατον τοῦτον θάνατον εἶναι νομίζουσα, εἰκότως ὡς περὶ ἀπολωλότων κόπτεται καὶ θρηνεῖ καὶ ἀφορήτως πενθεῖ: σὺ δὲ ὁ προσδοκῶν ἀνάστασιν, τίνος ἕνεκεν ὀδύρῃ; Ἄρα τῶν μὴ ἐχόντων ἐλπίδα ἐστὶ τὸ ὀδύρεσθαι. Ἀκούσατε τῶν γυναικῶν ὅσαι φιλόθρηνοι, ὅσαι πρὸς τὰ πένθη ἀφορήτως φέρεσθε, ὅτι τὰ τῶν ἐθνικῶν πράττετε. Εἰ δὲ τὸ ἀλγεῖν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀπελθοῦσιν ἐθνικῶν, τὸ κατακόπτεσθαι καὶ καταξαίνειν παρειὰς, τίνων ἄρα ἐστὶν, εἰπέ μοι; Τίνος ἕνεκεν θρηνεῖς, εἰ πιστεύεις ὅτι ἀναστήσεται, ὅτι οὐκ ἀπόλωλεν, ὅτι ὕπνος καὶ κοίμησις τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστι; Συνηθείας ἕνεκεν, φησὶ, καὶ προστασίας, πραγμάτων ἐπιμελείας, τῆς ἄλλης θεραπείας ἁπάσης. Ὅταν οὖν παῖδα ἀπολέσῃς ἐν ἀώρῳ ἡλικίᾳ, οὐδὲν οὐδέπω πρᾶξαι δυνάμενον, τίνος ἕνεκεν θρηνεῖς; τί ἐπιζητεῖς; Ἐλπίδας, φησὶ, χρηστὰς ἐνέφαινε, καὶ προσεδόκων ὅτι μου προστήσεται. Διὰ τοῦτο ζητῶ τὸν ἄνδρα, διὰ τοῦτο τὸν υἱὸν, διὰ τοῦτο κόπτομαι καὶ θρηνῶ, οὐκ ἀπιστοῦσα τῇ ἀναστάσει, ἀλλ' ἔρημος βοηθείας γενομένη, καὶ τὸν προστάτην ἀπολωλεκυῖα, τὸν σύνοικον, τὸν ἐν πᾶσι κοινωνοῦντα, τὸν παρηγοροῦντα: διὰ ταῦτα πενθῶ. Οἶδα ὅτι ἀναστήσεται, ἀλλ' οὐ φέρω τὸν μεταξὺ χωρισμόν: πολὺς τῶν πραγμάτων ὁ ὄχλος ἐπιῤῥεῖ, πᾶσι πρόκειμαι τοῖς βουλομένοις ἀδικεῖν: οἱ δεδοικότες πρότερον τῶν οἰκετῶν, καταφρονοῦσι νῦν, ἐπεμβαίνουσι: εἴ τις εὐηργέτηται, τῆς εὐεργεσίας ἐπιλέλησται τῆς ἐκείνου: εἴ τις κακῶς ἔπαθε παρ' αὐτοῦ, τῷ ἀπελθόντι μνησικακῶν εἰς ἐμὲ τὴν ὀργὴν ἀφίησι. Ταῦτα οὐκ ἀφίησί με τὴν χηρείαν φέρειν, πράως ὀδύρασθαι: διὰ ταῦτα κόπτομαι, διὰ ταῦτα θρηνῶ. Πῶς οὖν τὰς τοιαύτας παραμυθησόμεθα; τί ἐροῦμεν; πῶς αὐτῶν τὴν ὀδύνην ἀποκρουσόμεθα; Πρῶτον αὐτὰς διελέγξαι πειράσομαι, ὅτι οὐ τούτων ἐστὶν ὁ θρῆνος τῶν ῥημάτων, ἀλλὰ πάθους ἀλογίστου. Εἰ γὰρ ταῦτα πενθεῖς, ἐχρῆν διαπαντὸς πενθεῖν τὸν ἀπελθόντα: εἰ δὲ ἐνιαυτοῦ παρελθόντος ἐπιλέλησαι, ὡς οὐδὲ γενομένου τινὸς, οὐ τὸν ἀπελθόντα θρηνεῖς, οὐδὲ τὴν προστασίαν. Ἀλλὰ τὸν χωρισμὸν οὐ φέρεις, οὐδὲ τὴν τῆς συνηθείας διακοπήν; Τί δ' ἂν εἴποιεν αἱ καὶ δευτέροις ὁμιλοῦσαι γάμοις; Σφόδρα γε: οὐ γὰρ τοὺς προτέρους ἐπιζητοῦσιν. Ἀλλὰ μὴ πρὸς ταύτας τὸν λόγον ἀποτείνωμεν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰς τοῖς ἀπελθοῦσιν εὔνοιαν φυλαττούσας. Διὰ τί πενθεῖς τὸ παιδίον; διὰ τί τὸν ἄνδρα; Τοῦ μὲν, ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἀπέλαυσα, φησί: τοῦ δὲ, ἐπειδὴ προσεδόκησα ἐπιπλέον ἀπολαύσεσθαι. Τοῦτο δὲ αὐτὸ ὅσης ἀπιστίας τὸ νομίζειν, ὅτι ὁ ἀνὴρ ἢ τὸ παιδίον ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ σε καθίστη, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁ Θεός; πῶς οὐκ οἴει παροξύνειν αὐτόν; Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο αὐτοὺς λαμβάνει πολλάκις, ἵνα μὴ οὕτως αὐτοῖς ᾖ προσδεδεμένη, ὥστε ἀπ' ἐκείνων τὴν ἐλπίδα ἀπαγαγεῖν. Θεὸς γάρ ἐστι ζηλωτὴς, καὶ πάντων μάλιστα βούλεται παρ' ἡμῶν φιλεῖσθαι, καὶ τοῦτο, ἐπειδὴ σφόδρα ἡμᾶς φιλεῖ. Ἴστε γὰρ ὅτι τοῦτο τῶν μανικῶς φιλούντων τὸ ἔθος: σφόδρα εἰσὶ ζηλότυποι, καὶ αἱροῖντο ἂν τὴν ψυχὴν προέσθαι, ἢ παρευδοκιμηθῆναι ὑπό τινος τῶν ἀντεραστῶν. Διὰ ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ἔλαβε, διὰ ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα. γʹ. Ἐπεὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, εἰπέ μοι, τὸ παλαιὸν οὐκ ἐγίνοντο χηρεῖαι, οὐδὲ ὀρφανίαι ἄωροι; διὰ τί τὸν Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαὰκ ἀφῆκε πολὺν ζῆσαι χρόνον; Πάντως ὅτι καὶ ζῶντος αὐτοῦ, προετίμα τὸν Θεόν. Εἶπε γοῦν. Σφάξον: καὶ ἔσφαξε. Διὰ τί τὴν Σάῤῥαν ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἤγαγε γῆρας; Ὅτι καὶ ζώσης αὐτῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ μᾶλλον ἤκουεν, ἢ αὐτῆς. Διὰ τοῦτο ἔλεγε πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Θεός: Ἄκουσον Σάῤῥας τῆς γυναικός σου. Οὔτε δι' ἀνδρὸς φιλίαν, οὔτε διὰ γυναικὸς, οὔτε διὰ παιδὸς προστασίαν παρώργιζέ τις τότε τὸν Θεόν. Νῦν δὲ ἐπειδὴ κατωφερεῖς ἐσμεν, καὶ σφόδρα καταπεπτώκαμεν, καὶ ἄνδρες γυναῖκας τοῦ Θεοῦ πλέον φιλοῦμεν, καὶ γυναῖκες ἄνδρας τοῦ Θεοῦ πλέον προτιμῶμεν, τούτου χάριν καὶ ἄκοντας ἡμᾶς εἰς πόθον ἕλκει τὸν αὐτοῦ. Μὴ φίλει τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦ Θεοῦ πλέον, καὶ οὐκ αἰσθήσῃ χηρείας ποτέ: μᾶλλον δὲ κἂν συμβῇ, οὐ λήψῃ τὴν αἴσθησιν. Διὰ τί; Ὅτι προστάτην ἔχεις τὸν μᾶλλον φιλοῦντα ἀθάνατον. Εἰ μᾶλλον τὸν Θεὸν φιλεῖς, μὴ πένθει: ὁ γὰρ μᾶλλον φιλούμενος, ἀθάνατός ἐστι, καὶ οὐκ ἀφίησι τοῦ ἧττον φιλουμένου λαβεῖν αἴσθησιν: Ἐπὶ ὑποδείγματός σοι τοῦτο ποιήσω φανερόν. Εἰπέ μοι, εἰ ἄνδρα ἔχεις κατὰ γνώμην σοι πάντα πράττοντα, εὐδοκιμοῦντα, καὶ ποιοῦντά σε λαμπρὰν πανταχοῦ, καὶ ἀκαταφρόνητον, εὐδοκιμοῦντα παρὰ πᾶσι, συνετὸν, σοφὸν, φιλοῦντά σε, μακαριζομένη δι' αὐτὸν, καὶ μετὰ τούτου τέκῃς καὶ παιδίον, εἶτα πρὶν ἢ εἰς ὥραν ἐλθεῖν ἡλικίας ἀπέλθοι τοῦτο, ἆρα αἰσθήσῃ τοῦ πένθους; Οὐδαμῶς: ὁ γὰρ μᾶλλον φιλούμενος ἐκεῖνο ἀποκρύπτει. Καὶ νῦν τὸν Θεὸν ἂν πλέον φιλῇς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς, μάλιστα μὲν οὐ ταχέως αὐτὸν λήψεται: εἰ δὲ ἄρα καὶ λάβοι, οὐχ ἕξεις αἴσθησιν τοῦ πένθους. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ μακάριος Ἰὼβ οὐδὲν ἔπασχε δεινὸν, τῶν παίδων ἀθρόον τὸν θάνατον ἀκούσας, ἐπειδὴ τὸν Θεὸν ἐφίλει πλέον αὐτῶν. Τοῦ τοίνυν φιλουμένου ζῶντος, οὐδὲν ἔμελλεν ἐκεῖνα λυπήσειν αὐτόν. Τί λέγεις, ὦ γύναι; ὁ ἀνὴρ καὶ ὁ παῖς προΐστατό σου, ὁ δὲ Θεὸς οὐ φείδεταί σου; αὐτὸν δὴ ἐκεῖνον τίς σοι ἔδωκεν; οὐχὶ αὐτός; σὲ δὲ τίς ἐποίησεν; οὐχὶ αὐτός; Ὁ μὲν ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος εἰς τὸ εἶναι παραγαγὼν, καὶ ψυχὴν μὲν ἐμπνεύσας, καὶ διάνοιαν ἐνθεὶς, καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ γνῶσιν καταξιώσας χαρίσασθαι, καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ μονογενοῦς διὰ σὲ μὴ φειδόμενος, σοῦ οὐ φείδεται, ὁ δὲ ὁμόδουλος φείσεται; πόσης ταῦτα ὀργῆς τὰ ῥήματα; Τί τοιοῦτον ἔσχες παρὰ τοῦ ἀνδρός; Οὐδὲν ἂν ἔχοις εἰπεῖν. Εἰ γάρ τί σε καὶ εὐηργέτησεν, ἀλλ' εὖ παθὼν, ἀλλὰ προϋπαρξάσης σου: ἐπὶ δὲ Θεοῦ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἄν τις ἔχοι λέγειν. Οὐ γὰρ εὖ παθὼν ὁ Θεὸς παρ' ἡμῶν, οὕτως ἡμᾶς εὐεργετεῖ, ἀλλ' ἀνενδεὴς ὢν, ἐξ ἀγαθότητος μόνης εὖ ποιεῖ τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος. Βασιλείαν σοι ἐπηγγείλατο, ζωὴν ἀθάνατον, δόξαν, ἀδελφότητα, υἱοθεσίαν ἔδωκε, συγκληρονόμον τοῦ Μονογενοῦς ἐποίησε: σὺ δὲ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἔτι μέμνησαι μετὰ τοσαῦτα ἀγαθά; Τί τοιοῦτον ἐκεῖνος ἐχαρίσατο; Τὸν ἥλιον αὐτοῦ ἀνέτειλε, τὸν ὑετὸν ἔδωκε, ταῖς ἐτησίοις τροφαῖς τρέφει. Οὐαὶ ἡμῖν ἐκ τῆς πολλῆς ἀχαριστίας! Διὰ τοῦτο λαμβάνει τὸν ἄνδρα, ἵνα αὐτὸν μὴ ζητῇς: σὺ δὲ ἀπελθόντος ἔχῃ ἔτι, καὶ τὸν Θεὸν ἀφίης, δέον εὐχαριστεῖν, δέον τὸ πᾶν ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἐπιῤῥίπτειν; Τί γάρ ἐστιν ὃ παρὰ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἔλαβες; ὠδῖνες, καὶ πόνοι, καὶ ὕβρεις, καὶ λοιδορίαι πολλάκις, καὶ ἐπιτιμήσεις, καὶ ἀγανακτήσεις. Οὐ ταῦτα τὰ παρὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν; Ἀλλ' ἔστι, φησὶ, καὶ ἕτερα χρηστά. Ποῖα δὴ ταῦτα; ἐκαλλώπισέ σε ἱματίοις πολυτελέσι; χρυσία περιέθηκε τῷ προσώπῳ, αἰδέσιμον πᾶσιν ἐποίησεν; Ἀλλ' ἂν θέλῃς, καὶ ἀπελθόντος κοσμήσει κόσμῳ πολὺ βελτίονι: τῶν γὰρ χρυσίων πολλῷ θαυμασιωτέραν τὴν ἔχουσαν ἡ σεμνότης ποιεῖ. Ἔχει καὶ οὗτος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἱμάτια, οὐ τοιαῦτα, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ βελτίω: ἐκεῖνα, ἂν ἐθέλῃς, περιβαλοῦ. Ποῖα δὴ ταῦτα; Ἱματισμός ἐστι διαχρύσους κροσσοὺς ἔχων: ἐὰν ἐθέλῃς, τούτῳ περίβαλε τὴν ψυχήν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐποίησεν εὐκαταφρόνητον ἀνθρώποις ἐκεῖνος; Καὶ τί τοῦτο μέγα; ἡ μέντοι χηρεία οὐκ ἀφίησί σε γενέσθαι εὐκαταφρόνητον τοῖς δαίμοσι. Τότε τῶν οἰκετῶν ἐκράτεις τῶν σῶν, εἴ γε ὅλως ἐκράτεις: νῦν δὲ ἀντὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν τῶν ἀσωμάτων δυνάμεων, τῶν ἀρχῶν, τῶν ἐξουσιῶν, τοῦ κοσμοκράτορος κρατεῖς. Τὰ δὲ λυπηρὰ οὐ λέγεις, ἐν οἷς ἐκοινώνησας αὐτῷ, εἴ ποτε ἀρχόντων φόβος, εἴ ποτε παρευδοκιμήσεις τῶν πλησίον. Τούτων ἁπάντων ἀπήλλαξαι νῦν, φόβου καὶ δέους. Ἀλλὰ τίς σοι τὰ καταλειφθέντα θρέψει παιδία, μεριμνᾷς; Ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν ὀρφανῶν. Τίς γὰρ αὐτὰ ἔδωκεν, εἰπέ μοι; οὐκ ἀκούεις τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος ἐν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις, Οὐχὶ ἡ ψυχὴ πλείων ἐστὶ τῆς τροφῆς, καὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἐνδύματος; δʹ. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι οὐκ ἀπὸ συνηθείας, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ ἀπιστίας ὁ θρῆνος γίνεται; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι λαμπρὰ ὁμοίως τὰ παιδία τοῦ πατρὸς τελευτήσαντος. Διὰ τί; τὸν Θεὸν ἔχει Πατέρα, καὶ οὐκ ἔστι λαμπρά; Πόσους σοι ὑποδείξω ὑπὸ χηρῶν ἀνατραφέντας, καὶ γενομένους δοκίμους; πόσους δὲ ὑπὸ πατράσιν ὄντας, καὶ ἀπολωλότας; Ἂν γὰρ αὐτὰ ἀνατρέφῃς ἐκ πρώτης ἡλικίας ὡς ἀνατρέφειν δεῖ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τῆς προστασίας τῆς πατρικῆς ἀπολαύσονται εὐεργεσίας. Ὅτι γὰρ χηρῶν ἐστι τὸ πρᾶγμα, τὸ τὰ παιδία λέγω ἀνατρέφειν, ἄκουσον Παύλου λέγοντος: Εἰ ἐτεκνοτρόφησε: καὶ πάλιν, Σωθήσεται δὲ διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας (οὐκ εἶπε, διὰ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς), ἐὰν ἐπιμείνωσι τῇ πίστει καὶ τῇ ἀγάπῃ καὶ τῷ ἁγιασμῷ μετὰ σωφροσύνης. Ἔνθετε αὐτοῖς τὸν φόβον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐκ πρώτης ἡλικίας, καὶ παντὸς πατρὸς μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς διατηρήσει: τοῦτο τεῖχος ἔσται ἀῤῥαγές. Ὅταν γὰρ ἔνδον ὁ φύλαξ ἐγκαθήμενος ᾖ, οὐδὲν ἡμῖν τῶν ἔξωθεν δεῖ ἐπιτεχνημάτων: ἐκείνου δὲ οὐκ ὄντος, πάντα εἰκῆ τὰ ἔξωθεν γίνεται. Τοῦτο αὐτοῖς ἔσται καὶ πλοῦτος καὶ δόξα καὶ εὐκοσμία, τοῦτο αὐτοὺς ποιήσει λαμπροὺς, οὐκ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Μὴ γάρ μοι πρὸς ἐκείνους ἴδῃς τοὺς διεζωσμένους τὰς ζώνας τὰς χρυσᾶς, μηδὲ τοὺς ἐφ' ἵππων φερομένους, μηδὲ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις λάμποντας διὰ τοὺς πατέρας, μηδὲ τοὺς ἀκολούθους ἔχοντας καὶ παιδαγωγούς. Ταῦτα γὰρ ἴσως τὰς χήρας ἐπὶ τοῖς ὀρφανοῖς κόπτεσθαι ποιεῖ, ἐννοουμένας ὅτι καὶ οὗτος ὁ ἐμὸς παῖς, εἴ γε ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῷ περιῆν, τοσαύτης ἂν ἀπέλαυσε μακαριότητος: νῦν δὲ ἐν κατηφείᾳ καὶ ἀτιμίᾳ, καὶ οὐδενὸς ἄξιος λόγου ἐστί. Μὴ δὴ ταῦτα ἐννοῇς, ὦ γύναι, ἀλλ' ἀναπέτασον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὰς πύλας τῷ λογισμῷ, κατάμαθε τὰ ἐκεῖ βασίλεια, ἴδε τὸν ἐκεῖ καθήμενον βασιλέα, λόγισαι εἰ οὗτοι μᾶλλον οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς τοῦ παιδὸς τοῦ σοῦ δύνανται ἐκεῖ εἶναι λαμπρότεροι, καὶ τότε στέναξον: ἂν δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὦσί τινες εὐδόκιμοι, οὐδενὸς τοῦτο ἄξιον λόγου: ἔξεστιν, ἂν θέλῃς, ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς αὐτὸν στρατεῦσαι, εἰς ἐκείνην καταλέξαι τὴν στρατολογίαν. Οἱ γὰρ ἐκεῖ καταλεγόμενοι, οὐκ ἐφ' ἵππων φέρονται, ἀλλ' ἐν νεφέλαις: οὐκ ἐπὶ γῆς βαδίζουσιν, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἁρπάζονται: οὐ παῖδας ἔχουσι τοὺς προηγουμένους, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτούς: οὐ βασιλεῖ παρεστήκασι θνητῷ, ἀλλὰ τῷ ἀθανάτῳ, τῷ βασιλεῖ τῶν βασιλευόντων, καὶ Κυρίῳ τῶν κυριευόντων: οὐ ζώνην δερματίνην περὶ τὴν ὀσφὺν ἔχουσιν, ἀλλὰ τὴν δόξαν ἐκείνην τὴν ἄῤῥητον, δι' ἣν καὶ βασιλέων γίνονται λαμπρότεροι, καὶ τῶν πώποτε εὐδοκιμηκότων. Ἐν γὰρ τοῖς βασιλείοις ἐκείνοις οὐ πλοῦτος, οὐκ εὐγένεια, οὐκ ἄλλο οὐδὲν, ἀλλ' ἀρετὴ ζητεῖται μόνον: καὶ ταύτης παρούσης, οὐδὲν ἐνδεῖ πρὸς τὸ τῶν πρωτείων αὐτοὺς τυχεῖν. Οὐδὲν ἡμῖν ἐστι δυσχερὲς, ἂν θέλωμεν φιλοσοφεῖν. Ἀνάνευσον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ ὅρα πόσῳ τῆς ὀροφῆς τῶν βασιλείων λαμπρότερος οὗτος. Εἰ δὲ τὸ ἔδαφος τῶν ἄνω βασιλείων παρὰ τοσοῦτόν ἐστι τῶν κάτω σεμνότερον, ὡς τοῦτο πρὸς ἐκεῖνο βόρβορον νομίζεσθαι: εἴ τις ἂν ἀξιωθῇ τὰ βασίλεια ἀκριβῶς ἰδεῖν, τίνος οὐκ ἔσται μακαριότητος ἄξιος; Ἡ δὲ ὄντως χήρα, φησὶ, καὶ μεμονωμένη ἤλπικεν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν. Τοῦτο πρὸς τίνας εἴρηται; Πρὸς τὰς ἐχούσας παῖδας, ὅτι δοκιμώτεροι μᾶλλόν εἰσι, καὶ πλείονα ἀφορμὴν ἔχουσιν ἀρέσκειν Θεῷ: ὅτι πάντα αὐταῖς ἀνεῖται τὰ δεσμά: οὐδεὶς ὁ κατέχων, οὐδεὶς ὁ ἐπισύρεσθαι τὰς ἁλύσεις ἐκείνας ἀναγκάζων. Ἀπεσχίσθης τοῦ ἀνδρὸς, ἀλλ' ἡνώθης τῷ Θεῷ: οὐκ ἔχεις συνόμιλον τὸν ὁμόδουλον, ἀλλ' ἔχεις τὸν Δεσπότην. Ὅταν εὔχῃ, οὐχὶ τῷ Θεῷ διαλέγῃ, εἰπέ μοι; ὅταν ἀναγινώσκῃς, ἄκουε αὐτοῦ σοι διαλεγομένου. Τί δέ σοι διαλέγεται; Πολλῷ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ποθεινότερα ῥήματα. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἀνὴρ κἂν κολακεύῃ, οὐ πολλὴ ἡ τιμή: ὁμόδουλος γάρ ἐστιν: ὅταν δὲ ὁ Δεσπότης τὴν δούλην κολακεύῃ, τότε πολλὴ ἡ θεραπεία. Πῶς οὖν ἡμᾶς θεραπεύει; Ἄκουσον δι' ὅσων τοῦτο ποιεῖ. Δεῦτε, φησὶ, πρός με, πάντες οἱ κοπιῶντες καὶ πεφορτισμένοι, κἀγὼ ἀναπαύσω ὑμᾶς. Καὶ πάλιν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου βοᾷ, λέγων: Μὴ ἐπιλήσεται γυνὴ τοῦ ἐλεῆσαι τὰ ἔκγονα τῆς κοιλίας αὐτῆς; εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐπιλάθοιτο γυνὴ, ἀλλ' ἐγὼ οὐκ ἐπιλήσομαι, λέγει Κύριος. Πόσου ταῦτα φίλτρου τὰ ῥήματα; Καὶ πάλιν, Ἐπιστράφητε πρός με: καὶ πάλιν ἀλλαχοῦ, Ἐπίστρεψον πρός με, καὶ σωθήσῃ. Εἰ δέ τις καὶ ἐκ τῶν Ἀ|σμάτων βούλοιτο ἐκλέγειν, ἀκούσεται, μυστικώτερα αὐτὰ ἐκλαμβάνων, Ἡ καλή μου, ἡ περιστερά μου, πρὸς ψυχὴν ἑκάστην αὐτῷ πρέπουσαν διαλεγομένου. Τί τούτων τῶν ῥημάτων ἥδιον; Ὁρᾷς διάλεξιν Θεοῦ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους; Τί δὲ, εἰπέ μοι; οὐχ ὁρᾷς, ὅσοι ἐκείνων τῶν μακαρίων γυναικῶν παῖδες ἀπῆλθον, καὶ ἐν τάφοις εἰσίν; ὅσαι χαλεπώτερα πεπόνθασι, καὶ μετὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ υἱοὺς ἀπέβαλλον; Τούτοις προσανέχωμεν, ταῦτα μεριμνῶμεν: καὶ οὐδὲν ἡμῖν ἔσται λυπηρὸν, ἀλλὰ πάντα διατελέσομεν τὸν χρόνον μετὰ χαρᾶς πνευματικῆς διάγοντες, καὶ τῶν αἰωνίων ἀπολαύσομεν ἀγαθῶν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς.