Homily II.

2 Timothy i. 8–10

“Be not thou therefore ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me His prisoner: but be thou partaker of the afflictions of the Gospel according to the power of God; Who hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling, not according to our works, but according to His own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began; but is now made manifest by the appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ.”

There is nothing worse than that man should measure and judge of divine things by human reasonings. For thus he will fall from that rock11    πέτρας, the rock of faith, but one suspects πείρας, “that endeavor,” to be the true reading. a vast distance, and be deprived of the light. For if he who wishes with human eyes to apprehend the rays of the sun will not only not apprehend them, but, besides this failure, will sustain great injury; so, but in a higher degree, is he in a way to suffer this, and abusing the gift of God, who would by human reasonings gaze intently on that Light. Observe accordingly how Marcion, and Manes, and Valentinus, and others who introduced their heresies and pernicious doctrines12    B. “those who gave birth to the other heresies, and introduced pernicious doctrines.” into the Church of God, measuring divine things by human reasonings, became ashamed of the Divine economy. Yet it was not a subject for shame, but rather for glorying; I speak of the Cross of Christ. For there is not so great a sign of the love of God for mankind, not heaven, nor sea, nor earth, nor the creation of all things out of nothing, nor all else beside, as the Cross. Hence it is the boast of Paul, “God forbid that I should glory, save in the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.” (Gal. vi. 14.) But natural men, and those who attribute to God no more than to human beings, stumble, and become ashamed. Wherefore Paul from the first exhorts his disciple, and through him all others, in these words: “Be not thou ashamed of the testimony of our Lord,” that is,13    B. “He means the death of Christ.” The word “Testimony” might be rendered “Martyrdom,” and such is the original idea of Martyrdom: see Euseb. Eccl. Hist. v. 2. “Be not ashamed, that thou preachest One that was crucified, but rather glory in it.” For in themselves death and imprisonment and chains are matters of shame and reproach. But when the cause is added before us, and the mystery viewed aright, they will appear full of dignity, and matter for boasting. For it was that death which saved the world, when it was perishing. That death connected earth with heaven, that death destroyed the power of the devil, and made men angels, and sons of God: that death raised our nature to the kingly throne. Those chains were the conversion of many. “Be not” therefore “ashamed,” he says, “of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me His prisoner: but be thou partaker of the afflictions of the Gospel”; that is, though thou shouldest suffer the same things, be not thou ashamed. For that this is implied appears from what he said above; “God hath given us a spirit of power, and of love, and of a sound mind”; and by what follows, “Be thou partaker of the sufferings of the Gospel”: not merely be not ashamed of them, but be not ashamed even to experience them.

And he does not say, “Do not fear,” but, the more to encourage him, “be not ashamed,” as if there were no further danger, if he could overcome the shame. For shame is only then oppressive, when one is overcome by it. Be not therefore ashamed, if I, who raised the dead, who wrought miracles, who traversed the world, am now a prisoner. For I am imprisoned, not as a malefactor, but for the sake of Him who was crucified. If my Lord was not ashamed of the Cross, neither am I of chains. And with great propriety, when he exhorts him not to be ashamed, he reminds him of the Cross. If thou art not ashamed of the Cross, he means, neither be thou of chains; if our Lord and Master endured the Cross, much more should we chains. For he who is ashamed of what He endured, is ashamed of Him that was crucified. Now it is not on my own account that I bear these chains; therefore do not give way to human feelings, but bear thy part in these sufferings. “Be partaker of the afflictions of the Gospel.” He says not this, as if the Gospel could suffer injury, but to excite his disciple to suffer for it.

“According to the power of God; Who hath saved us, and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to His own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began.”

More especially because it was a hard thing to say, “Be partakers of afflictions,” he again consoles him.14    Thus Old Lat. and B. The printed copies add, “by saying, ‘Not according to our works,’ that is,” which is not to the purpose. Reckon that thou sustainest these things, not by thine own power, but by the power of God. For it is thy part to choose and to be zealous, but God’s to alleviate sufferings and bid them cease.15    B. omits “but,” &c. He then shows him the proofs of His power. Consider how thou wast saved, how thou wast called. As he elsewhere says, “According to His power that worketh in us.” (Eph. iii. 20.) So much was it a greater exercise of power to persuade the world to believe, than to make the Heavens. But how was he “called with a holy calling”?16    Sav. How was he called? “With a holy calling.” This means, He made them saints, who were sinners and enemies. “And this not of ourselves, it was the gift of God.” If then He is mighty in calling us, and good, in that He hath done it of grace and not of debt, we ought not to fear. For He Who, when we should have perished,17    So B. Edd. “when we needed to be saved.” saved us, though enemies, by grace, will He not much more cooperate with us, when He sees us working? “Not according to our own works,” he says, “but according to his own purpose and grace,” that is, no one compelling, no one counseling Him, but of His own purpose, from the impulse of His own goodness, He saved us; for this is the meaning of “according to His own purpose.” “Which was given us before the world began.” That is, it was determined without beginning that these things should be done in Christ Jesus. This is no light consideration, that from the first He willed it. It was not an after-thought. How then is not the Son eternal? for He also willed it from the beginning.

Ver. 10. “But is now made manifest by the appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ, Who hath abolished death, and hath brought life and immortality to light by the Gospel.”

Thou seest the power, thou seest the gift bestowed not by works, but through the Gospel. These are objects of hope: for both were wrought in His Body. And how will they be wrought in ours? “By the Gospel.”

Ver. 11. “Whereunto I am appointed a preacher and an Apostle, and a teacher of the Gentiles.”

Why does he so constantly repeat this, and call himself a teacher of the Gentiles? Because he wishes to persuade them that they also ought to draw close to the Gentiles. Be not therefore dismayed at my sufferings. The sinews of death are unstrung. It is not as a malefactor that I suffer, but because I am “a teacher of the Gentiles.” At the same time he makes his discourse worthy of credit.

Ver. 12. “For the which cause I also suffer these things, nevertheless I am not ashamed. For I know Whom I have believed, and am persuaded that He is able to keep that which I have committed unto Him against that day.”

“I am not ashamed,” he says. For are chains, are sufferings, a matter for shame? Be not then ashamed! Thou seest how he illustrates his teaching by his works. “These things,” he says, “I suffer”: I am cast into prison, I am banished; “For I know Whom I have believed, and am persuaded that He is able to keep that which I have committed to Him18    Lit. “my deposit.” against That Day.” What is19    Sav. has τί σὴ π., Ben. τί ἔστι, B. τίς ἡ, which last is best. “that which is committed”?20    παρακαταθήκη. The faith, the preaching of the Gospel. He, who committed this to him, he says, will preserve it unimpaired. I suffer everything, that I may not be despoiled of this treasure, and I am not ashamed at these things, so long as it is preserved uninjured. Or he calls the Faithful the charge which God committed to him, or which he committed to God. For he says, “Now I commit you to the Lord.” (Acts xx. 32.) That is, these things will not be unprofitable to me. And in Timothy is seen the fruit of the charge thus “committed.” You see that he is insensible to sufferings, from the hope that he entertains of his disciples.

Moral. Such ought a Teacher to be, so to regard his disciples, to think them everything. “Now we live,” he says, “if ye stand fast in the Lord.” And again, “What is our hope, or joy, or crown of rejoicing? are not even ye in the presence of our Lord Jesus Christ?” (1 Thess. iii. 8, and ii. 19.) You see his anxiety in this matter, his regard for the good of his disciples, not less than for his own.21    al. “no less than for his own kindred.” For teachers ought to surpass natural parents, to be more zealous than they. And it becomes their children to be kindly affectioned towards them. For he says, “Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls as they that must give account.” (Heb. xiii. 17.) For say, is he subject to so dangerous a responsibility, and art thou not willing to obey him, and that too, for thy own benefit? For though his own state should be good, yet as long as thou art in a bad condition his anxiety continues, he has a double account to render. And consider what it is to be responsible and anxious for each of those who are under his rule. What honor wouldest thou have reckoned equal, what service, in requital of such dangers? Thou canst not offer an equivalent. For thou hast not yet devoted thy soul for him, but he lays down his life for thee, and if he lays it not down here, when the occasion requires it, he loses it There. But thou art not willing to submit even in words. This is the prime cause of all these evils, that the authority of rulers is neglected, that there is no reverence, no fear. He says, “Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves.” But now all is turned upside down and confounded. And this I say not for the sake of the rulers; (for what benefit will they have of the honor they receive from us,22    This expression shows that he was not yet Bishop. except so far as we are rendered obedient;) but I say it for your advantage. For with respect to the future, they will not be benefited by the honor done them, but receive the greater condemnation, neither will they be injured as to the future by ill treatment, but will have the more excuse. But all this I desire to be done for your own sakes. For when rulers are honored by their people, this too is reckoned against them; as in the case of Eli it is said, “Did I not choose him out of his father’s house?” (1 Sam. ii. 27.) But when they are insulted, as in the instance of Samuel, God said, “They have not rejected thee, but they have rejected Me.” (1 Sam. viii. 7.) Therefore insult is their gain, honor their burden. What I say, therefore, is for your sakes, not for theirs. He that honors the Priest, will honor God also; and he who has learnt to despise the Priest, will in process of time insult God. “He that receiveth you,” He saith, “receiveth Me.” (Matt. x. 40.) “Hold my priests in honor” (Ecclus. vii. 31?), He says. The Jews learned to despise God, because they despised Moses, and would have stoned him. For when a man is piously disposed towards the Priest, he is much more so towards God. And even if the Priest be wicked, God seeing that thou respectest him, though unworthy of honor, through reverence to Him, will Himself reward thee. For if “he that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet shall receive a prophet’s reward” (Matt. x. 41.); then he who honoreth and submitteth and giveth way to the Priest shall certainly be rewarded. For if in the case of hospitality, when thou knowest not the guest, thou receivest so high a recompense, much more wilt thou be requited, if thou obeyest him whom He requires thee to obey. “The Scribes and Pharisees,” He says, “sit in Moses’ seat; all therefore, whatsoever they bid you observe, that observe and do, but do not ye after their works.” (Matt. xxiii. 2, 3.) Knowest thou not what the Priest is? He is an Angel23    Or, “a messenger.” of the Lord. Are they his own words that he speaks? If thou despisest him, thou despisest not him, but God that ordained him. But how does it appear, thou askest, that he is ordained of God? Nay, if thou suppose it otherwise, thy hope is rendered vain. For if God worketh nothing through his means, thou neither hast any Laver, nor art partaker of the Mysteries, nor of the benefit of Blessings; thou art therefore not a Christian. What then, you say, does God ordain all, even the unworthy? God indeed doth not ordain all, but He worketh through all, though they be themselves unworthy, that the people may be saved. For if He spoke, for the sake of the people, by an ass, and by Balaam, a most wicked man, much more will He speak by the mouth of the Priest. What indeed will not God do or say for our salvation? By whom doth He not act? For if He wrought through Judas and those other that “prophesied,” to whom He will say, “I never knew you; depart from Me, ye workers of iniquity” (Matt. vii. 22, 23.); and if others “cast out devils” (Ps. vi. 8.); will He not much more work through the Priests? Since if we were to make inquisition into the lives of our rulers, we should then become the ordainers24    χειροτονηταὶ. of our own teachers, and all would be confusion; the feet would be uppermost, the head below. Hear Paul saying, “But with me it is a very small thing that I should be judged of you, or of man’s judgment.” (1 Cor. iv. 3.) And again, “Why dost thou judge thy brother?” (Rom. xiv. 10.) For if we may not judge our brother, much less our teacher. If God commands this indeed, thou doest well, and sinnest if thou do it not; but if the contrary, dare not do it, nor attempt to go beyond the lines that are marked out. After Aaron had made the golden calf, Corah, Dathan, and Abiram raised an insurrection against him. And did they not perish? Let each attend to his own department. For if he teach perverted doctrine, though he be an Angel, obey him not; but if he teach the truth, take heed not to his life, but to his words. Thou hast Paul to instruct thee in what is right both by words and works. But thou sayest, “He gives not to the poor, he does not govern well.” Whence knowest thou this? Blame not, before thou art informed. Be afraid of the great account. Many judgments are formed upon mere opinion. Imitate thy Lord, who said, “I will go down now, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, and if not, I will know.” (Gen. xviii. 21.) But if thou hast enquired, and informed thyself, and seen; yet await the Judge, and usurp not the office of Christ. To Him it belongs, and not to thee, to make this inquisition. Thou art an inferior servant, not a master. Thou art a sheep, be not curious concerning the shepherd, lest thou have to give account of thy accusations against him. But you say, How does he teach me that which he does not practice himself? It is not he that speaks to thee. If it be he whom thou obeyest, thou hast no reward. It is Christ that thus admonishes thee. And what do I say? Thou oughtest not to obey even Paul, if he speaks of himself, or anything human, but the Apostle, that has Christ speaking in him. Let not us judge one another’s conduct, but each his own. Examine thine own life.

But thou sayest, “He ought to be better than I.” Wherefore? “Because he is a Priest.” And is he not superior to thee in his labors, his dangers, his anxious conflicts and troubles? But if he is not better, oughtest thou therefore to destroy thyself? These are the words of arrogance.25    Or, “desperation,” if it be taken with the preceding sentence. For how is he not better than thyself? He steals, thou sayest, and commits sacrilege! How knowest thou this? Why dost thou cast thyself down a precipice? If thou shouldest hear it said that such an one hath a purple robe,26    This was treason in a subject. See Gibbon, c. xl. though thou knewest it to be true, and couldest convict him, thou declinest to do it, and pretendest ignorance, not being willing to run into unnecessary danger. But in this case thou art so far from being backward, that even without cause thou exposest thyself to the danger. Nor think thou art not responsible for these words. Hear what Christ says, “Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment.” (Matt. xii. 36.) And dost thou think thyself better than another, and dost thou not groan, and beat thy breast, and bow down thy head, and imitate the Publican?

And then thou destroyest thyself, though thou be better. Be silent, that thou cease not to be better. If thou speak of it, thou hast done away the merit; if thou thinkest it, I do not say so; if thou dost not think it, thou hast added much. For if a notorious sinner, when he confessed, “went home justified,” he who is a sinner in a less degree, and is conscious of it, how will he not be rewarded? Examine thy own life. Thou dost not steal; but thou art rapacious, and overbearing, and guilty of many other such things. I say not this to defend theft; God forbid! deeply lament if there is any one really guilty of it, but I do not believe it. How great an evil is sacrilege, it is impossible to say. But I spare you. For I would not that our virtue should be rendered vain by accusing others. What was worse than the Publican? For it is true that he was a publican, and guilty of many offenses, yet because the Pharisee only said, “I am not as this publican,” he destroyed all his merit. I am not, thou sayest, like this sacrilegious Priest. And dost not thou make all in vain?

This I am compelled to say, and to enlarge upon in my discourse, not so much because I am concerned for them, but because I fear for you, lest you should render your virtue vain by this boasting of yourselves, and condemnation of others. For hear the exhortation of Paul, “Let every one prove his own work, and then shall he have rejoicing in himself alone, and not in another.” (Gal. vi. 4.)

If you had a wound, tell me, and should go to a physician, would you stay him from salving and dressing your own wound, and be curious to enquire whether the physician had a wound, or not? and if he had, would you mind it? Or because he had it, would you forbear dressing your own, and say, A physician ought to be in sound health, and since he is not so, I shall let my wound go uncured? For will it be any palliation27    παραμυθία. for him that is under rule, that his Priest is wicked? By no means. He will suffer the destined punishment, and you too will meet with that which is your due. For the Teacher now only fills a place. For “it is written, They shall all be taught of God.” (John vi. 45; Isa. liv. 13.) “Neither shall they say, Know the Lord. For all shall know Me from the least to the greatest.” (Jer. xxxi. 34.) Why then, you will say, does he preside? Why is he set over us? I beseech you, let us not speak ill of our teachers, nor call them to so strict an account, lest we bring evil upon ourselves. Let us examine ourselves, and we shall not speak ill of others. Let us reverence that day, on which he enlightened28    i.e. baptized. us. He who has a father, whatever faults he has, conceals them all. For it is said, “Glory not in the dishonor of thy father; for thy father’s dishonor is no glory unto thee. And if his understanding fail, have patience with him.” (Ecclus. iii. 10–12.) And if this be said of our natural fathers, much more of our spiritual fathers. Reverence him, in that he every day ministers to thee, causes the Scriptures to be read, sets the house in order for thee, watches for thee, prays for thee, stands imploring God on thy behalf, offers supplications for thee, for thee is all his worship. Reverence all this, think of this, and approach him with pious respect. Say not, he is wicked. What of that? He that is not wicked,29    Sav. mar. “he that is wicked,” which supposes the objection to be somewhat differently put. doth he of himself bestow upon thee these great benefits? By no means. Everything worketh according to thy faith. Not even the righteous man can benefit thee, if thou art unfaithful, nor the unrighteous harm thee, if thou art faithful. God, when He would save His people, wrought for the ark by Oxen.30    1 Sam. vi. 12. Is it the good life or the virtue of the Priest that confers so much on thee? The gifts which God bestows are not such as to be effects of the virtue of the Priest. All is of grace. His part is but to open his mouth, while God worketh all: the Priest only performs a symbol.31    σὑμβολον. This is said evidently of the act of the Priest considered in itself, and as distinct from the accompanying grace. For St. Chrysostom’s view of the Priest’s responsibility, see his Treatise on the Priesthood, and his comments on 1 Tim. iii. 1, &c., &c. Consider how wide was the distance between John and Jesus. Hear John saying, “I have need to be baptized of Thee” (Matt. iii. 14.), and, “Whose shoe’s latchet I am not worthy to unloose.” (John i. 27.) Yet notwithstanding this difference, the Spirit descended. Which John had not. For “of His fullness,” it is said, “we all have received.” (John i. 16.) Yet nevertheless, It descended not till He was baptized. But neither was it John who caused It to descend. Why then is this done? That thou mayest learn that the Priest performs a symbol.32    Suicer collects passages on this word. It may mean “a pledge,” but certainly has also the sense of “symbol.” It seems to be used of the material elements before and after consecration. No man differs so widely from another man, as John from Jesus, and yet with him33    ἐπ᾽ αὐτοῦ. the Spirit descended, that we may learn, that it is God who worketh all, that all is God’s doing. I am about to say what may appear strange, but be not astonished nor startled at it. The Offering is the same, whether a common man, or Paul or Peter offer it. It is the same which Christ gave to His disciples, and which the Priests now minister. This is nowise inferior to that, because it is not men that sanctify even this, but the Same who sanctified the one sanctifies the other also. For as the words which God spake are the same which the Priest now utters, so is the Offering the same, and the Baptism, that which He gave. Thus the whole is of faith. The Spirit immediately fell upon Cornelius, because he had previously fulfilled his part, and contributed his faith. And this is His Body, as well as that. And he who thinks the one inferior to the other, knows not that Christ even now is present, even now operates. Knowing therefore these things, which we have not said without reason, but that we may conform your minds in what is right, and render you more secure for the future, keep carefully in mind what has been spoken. For if we are always hearers, and never doers, we shall reap no advantage from what is said. Let us therefore attend diligently to the things spoken. Let us imprint them upon our minds. Let us have them ever engraved upon our consciences, and let us continually ascribe glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Βʹ. Μὴ οὖν ἐπαισχυνθῇς τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, μηδὲ ἐμὲ τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ: ἀλλὰ συγκακοπάθησον τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ κατὰ δύναμιν Θεοῦ τοῦ σώσαντος ἡμᾶς, καὶ καλέ σαντος κλήσει ἁγίᾳ, οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων, φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν διὰ τῆς ἐπιφα νείας τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. αʹ. Οὐδὲν χεῖρον, ἢ ὅταν τις ἀνθρωπίνοις λογισμοῖς τὰ θεῖα κρίνῃ καὶ μετρῇ πράγματα: οὕτω γὰρ ἀποπεσεῖται τῆς πέτρας ἐκείνης ἐκ πολλοῦ τοῦ μέτρου, καὶ τοῦ φωτὸς ἀποστερηθήσεται. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ τὰς τοῦ ἡλίου ἀκτῖνας ἀνθρωπίνοις θέλων καταλαβεῖν ὀφθαλμοῖς, οὐ μόνον οὐ καταλήψεται οὐδὲ ἀνθέξεται τοῦ προκειμένου, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀποπεσεῖται, καὶ μυρίαν ὑποστήσεται βλάβην: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ βουλόμενος πρὸς ἐκεῖνο τὸ φῶς ἀτενὲς ἰδεῖν διὰ τῶν οἰκείων λογισμῶν, πείσεται τοῦτο, καὶ ὑβρίζει εἰς τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ δωρεάν. Ὅρα γοῦν Μαρκίωνα καὶ Μάνην καὶ Οὐαλεντῖνον, καὶ πάντας τοὺς τὰς λοιπὰς αἱρέσεις καὶ τὰ ὀλέθρια δόγματα ἐπεισαγαγόντας τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ Ἐκκλησίᾳ, ὅπως ἀνθρωπίνοις λογισμοῖς τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ μετρήσαντες ᾐσχύνθησαν ἐπὶ τῇ οἰκονομίᾳ. Καίτοι οὐκ αἰσχύνης, ἀλλὰ πολλοῦ καυχήματος ἄξια ἂν εἴη, τὸν σταυρὸν λέγω τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω τῆς αὐτοῦ φιλανθρωπίας τεκμήριον μέγα, οὐκ οὐρανὸς, οὐ θάλαττα, οὐ γῆ, οὐ τὸ ἐκ μὴ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι τὰ πάντα παραγαγεῖν, οὐ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα, ὡς ὁ σταυρός. Διὸ καὶ Παῦλος ἐπ' αὐτῷ καυχᾶται λέγων: Ἐμοὶ δὲ μὴ γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι, εἰ μὴ ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ἀλλ' οἱ ψυχικοὶ καὶ μηδὲν πλέον Θεῷ νέμοντες τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καταπίπτουσι καὶ αἰσχύνονται. Διὰ τοῦτο ἄνωθεν τῷ μαθητῇ παρῄνει λέγων, καὶ δι' ἐκείνου πᾶσι: Μὴ οὖν ἐπαισχυνθῇς τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν. Τουτέστι, μὴ αἰσχύνου ὅτι τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον κηρύσσεις, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐναβρύνου. Αὐτὰ μὲν γὰρ καθ' ἑαυτὰ, θάνατος καὶ δεσμωτήρια καὶ δεσμὰ, αἰσχύνης ἄξια καὶ ὀνειδισμοῦ: ἀλλ' ἐάν τις τὴν αἰτίαν προσθῇ καὶ τὸ μυστήριον ἴδῃ καλῶς, πολλοῦ καυχήματος, πολλῆς σεμνότητος ἑκάτερα ὄντα εὑρήσει. Ὁ γὰρ θάνατος ἐκεῖνος τὴν οἰκουμένην ἀπολλυμένην ἔσωσεν, ὁ θάνατος ἐκεῖνος τῇ γῇ συνῆψε τὸν οὐρανὸν, ὁ θάνατος ἐκεῖνος τὴν τυραννίδα τοῦ διαβόλου κατέλυσε, τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἀγγέλους ἐποίησε καὶ Θεοῦ υἱούς: ὁ θάνατος ἐκεῖνος τὴν ἡμετέραν φύσιν ἀνήγαγεν εἰς τὸν θρόνον τὸν βασιλικόν: τὰ δεσμὰ ταῦτα πολλοὺς ἐπέτρεψε. Μὴ οὖν ἐπαισχυνθῇς, φησὶ, τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, μηδὲ ἐμὲ τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ συγκακοπάθησον τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ. Τουτέστι, κἂν αὐτὸς ταῦτα πάθῃς, μὴ αἰσχυνθῇς. Ὅτι γὰρ τοῦτο ᾐνίξατο, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἀνωτέρω εἰρημένων δῆλον, διὰ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς πνεῦμα δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ: καὶ διὰ τῶν μετὰ ταῦτα πάλιν. Ἀλλὰ συγκακοπάθησον, φησί: τουτέστι, μὴ ἁπλῶς μὴ ἐπαισχυνθῇς, ἀλλὰ τῇ πείρᾳ μὴ ἐπαισχυνθῇς. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Μὴ φοβηθῇς μηδὲ δείσῃς, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον αὐτὸν θαῤῥύνων φησὶ, Μὴ ἐπαισχυνθῇς, ὡς οὐκ ὄντος λοιπὸν κινδύνου, εἰ τῆς αἰσχύνης τις περιγένοιτο. Τοῦτο γὰρ μόνον ἔχει φορτικὸν αἰσχύνη, τὸ ἡττᾶσθαι αὐτῆς. Μὴ τοίνυν ἐπαισχυνθῇς, εἰ ἐγὼ ὁ νεκροὺς ἐγείρων, ὁ μυρία ἐργαζόμενος σημεῖα, ὁ τὴν οἰκουμένην περιδραμὼν, δέδεμαι νῦν: οὐ γὰρ ὡς κακοῦργός εἰμι δεσμώτης, ἀλλὰ τοῦ σταυρωθέντος ἕνεκεν. Εἰ σταυρὸν οὐκ ἐπῃσχύνθη μου ὁ Δεσπότης, οὐδὲ τὰ δεσμὰ ἐγώ. Καὶ καλῶς παρακαλῶν αὐτὸν μὴ ἐπαισχυνθῆναι, πρότερον αὐτὸν τοῦ σταυροῦ ἀνέμνησεν. Εἰ τὸν σταυρὸν οὐκ ἐπαισχύνῃ, φησὶ, μηδὲ δεσμά: εἰ ὁ Δεσπότης ἡμῶν καὶ διδάσκαλος σταυρὸν ὑπέμεινε, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς τὰ δεσμά. Ἅπερ γὰρ αὐτὸς ὑπέμεινεν ὁ αἰσχυνόμενος, καὶ τὸν σταυρωθέντα ἐπαισχύνεται. Οὐ γὰρ δι' ἐμαυτὸν, φησὶ, φέρω ταῦτα τὰ δεσμά. Μηδὲν οὖν ἀνθρώπινον πάθῃς, ἀλλὰ τοῖς αὐτοῖς κοινώνησον, Ἀλλὰ συγκακοπάθησον, φησὶ, τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ, οὐχ ὡς τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου κακοπαθοῦντος, ἀλλὰ τὸν μαθητὴν διεγείρων ὑπὲρ τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου πάσχειν. Κατὰ δύναμιν Θεοῦ, φησὶ, τοῦ σώσαντος ἡμᾶς καὶ καλέσαντος κλήσει ἁγίᾳ, οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν, ἀλλὰ κατ' ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων. Ἄλλως δὲ, ἐπεὶ φορτικὸν ἦν τὸ εἰπεῖν, Κακοπάθησον, πάλιν αὐτὸν παραμυθεῖται λέγων: Οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν: τουτέστι, μὴ τῇ δυνάμει λογίζου τῇ σῇ, ἀλλὰ τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸ ταῦτα φέρειν: σὸν μὲν γὰρ τὸ ἑλέσθαι καὶ προθυμηθῆναι, Θεοῦ δὲ τὸ κουφίσαι καὶ παῦσαι. Εἶτα καὶ τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ δείκνυσι τὰ τεκμήρια: Πῶς ἐσώθης ἐννόει, πῶς ἐκλήθης: ὥσπερ φησὶν ἀλλαχοῦ, Κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐνεργουμένην ἐν ἡμῖν. Οὕτω τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὸν οὐρανὸν μείζων δύναμις αὕτη ἦν, τὸ πεῖσαι τὴν οἰκουμένην. Πῶς οὖν ἐκλήθη, φησὶ, Κλήσει ἁγίᾳ; Τουτέστιν, ἁγίους εἰργάσατο ἁμαρτωλοὺς ὄντας καὶ ἐχθρούς: καὶ ταῦτα οὐκ ἐξ ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ τὸ δῶρον. Εἰ τοίνυν καὶ δυνατός ἐστι τῷ καλέσαι, καὶ ἀγαθὸς τῷ κατὰ χάριν, ἀλλὰ μὴ κατὰ ὀφειλὴν τοῦτο ποιῆσαι, οὐ δεῖ δεδοικέναι. Ὁ γὰρ, ἡνίκα ἡμᾶς ἔδει σωθῆναι, καὶ ἐχθροὺς ὄντας, χάριτι σώσας, ὅταν καὶ ἐργαζομένους ἴδῃ, οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον συμπράξει; Οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν, φησὶν, ἀλλὰ κατ' ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν. Τουτέστιν, οὐδενὸς ἀναγκάζοντος, οὐδενὸς συμβουλεύοντος, ἀλλ' ἐξ ἰδίας προθέσεως, οἴκοθεν ἐκ τῆς ἀγαθότητος αὑτοῦ ὁρμώμενος ἔσωσε: τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ, Κατ' ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν. Καὶ χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων. Τουτέστιν, ἀνάρχως ταῦτα προτετύπωτο ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ γενέσθαι. Οὐ μικρὸν καὶ τοῦτο, τὸ ἄνωθεν βούλεσθαι: οὐκ ἐκ μετανοίας ἄρα. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἀΐδιος ὁ Υἱός; καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς ταῦτα ἐβούλετο ἐξ ἀρχῆς. Φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν διὰ τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καταργήσαντος μὲν τὸν θάνατον, φωτίσαντος δὲ ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν διὰ τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου. βʹ. Εἶδες δύναμιν, εἶδες δωρεὰν οὐχὶ δι' ἔργων γενομένην, ἀλλὰ διὰ τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου; Ἐλπίδος γὰρ ταῦτά ἐστιν: ἐν μὲν γὰρ τῷ αὐτοῦ σώματι ἀμφότερα ταῦτα γεγένηται, ἐν δὲ τῷ ἡμετέρῳ ἔσται. Πῶς; Διὰ τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου. Εἰς ὃ ἐτέθην ἐγὼ κήρυξ καὶ ἀπόστολος καὶ διδάσκαλος ἐθνῶν. Τί δήποτε τοῦτο συνεχῶς λέγει, διδάσκαλον ἐθνῶν ἑαυτὸν καλῶν; Πεῖσαι βουλόμενος, ὅπερ ἔφην, ὅτι χρὴ καὶ ἔθνεσι πλησιάζειν. Μὴ καταπέσῃς τοίνυν ἐν τοῖς ἐμοῖς παθήμασι: καταβέβληται τοῦ θανάτου τὰ νεῦρα. Οὐχ ὡς κακοῦργος ταῦτα ὑπομένω, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν διδασκαλίαν τῶν ἐθνῶν. Ἅμα καὶ ἀξιόπιστον ποιεῖ τὸν λόγον. Δι' ἣν αἰτίαν καὶ ταῦτα, φησὶ, πάσχω: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπαισχύνομαι: οἶδα γὰρ ᾧ πεπίστευκα, καὶ πέπεισμαι, ὅτι δυνατός ἐστι τὴν παρακαταθήκην μου φυλάξαι εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπαισχύνομαι, φησίν. Αἰσχύνης γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, τὰ δεσμά; αἰσχύνης τὰ πάθη; Μὴ οὖν ἐπαισχυνθῇς. Ὁρᾷς πῶς διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐνδείκνυται τὴν διδασκαλίαν; Ταῦτα πάσχω, φησίν, εἰς δεσμωτήριον ἐμβέβλημαι, ἐλαύνομαι. Οἶδα γὰρ ᾧ πεπίστευκα, καὶ πέπεισμαι ὅτι δυνατός ἐστι τὴν παρακαταθήκην μου φυλάξαι εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν. Τί ἐστι παρακαταθήκη; Ἡ πίστις, τὸ κήρυγμα. Τοῦτο αὐτὸς, φησὶν, ὁ παρακαταθέμενος ἀκέραιον φυλάξει. Πάντα πάσχω ὥστε μὴ τὸν θησαυρὸν συληθῆναι: οὐκ ἐπαισχύνομαι τούτοις, ἕως ἂν αὐτὴ ἀκέραιος σώζηται. Ἢ τοὺς πιστοὺς λέγει τὴν παρακαθήκην, ἣν ὁ Θεὸς αὐτῷ παρακατέθετο, ἢ ἣν αὐτὸς τῷ Θεῷ. Καὶ νῦν γὰρ, φησὶν, ἰδοὺ παρατίθεμαι ὑμᾶς τῷ Κυρίω: τουτέστιν, οὐκ ἀνόνητά μοι ταῦτα ἔσται: καὶ Τιμόθεος τῆς παρακαταθήκης δεικνύει μοι τὸν καρπόν. Ὁρᾷς αὐτὸν οὐδὲ αἰσθανόμενον τῶν κακῶν διὰ τὴν ἐλπίδα τῶν μαθητῶν; Τοιοῦτον εἶναι τὸν διδάσκαλον χρὴ, οὕτω κήδεσθαι τῶν μαθητῶν, τούτους πάντα ἡγεῖσθαι. Νῦν ζῶμεν, φησὶν, ἐὰν ὑμεῖς στήκητε ἐν Κυρίῳ: καὶ πάλιν, Τίς γὰρ ἡμῶν ἐλπὶς ἢ χαρὰ ἢ στέφανος καυχήσεως; ἢ οὐχὶ καὶ ὑμεῖς ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ; Ὁρᾷς αὐτὸν ταῦτα μεριμνῶντα, οὐχ ἧττον τῶν οἰκείων τὰ τῶν μαθητῶν; Δεῖ γὰρ τοὺς φυσικοὺς πατέρας ὑπεραίρειν, δεῖ θερμοτέρους εἶναι. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς παῖδας φιλοστόργως πρὸς αὐτοὺς διακεῖσθαι προσήκει. Πείθεσθε γὰρ, φησὶ, τοῖς ἡγουμένοις ὑμῶν καὶ ὑπείκετε, εἰδότες ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἀγρυπνοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν, ὡς λόγον ἀποδώσοντες. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, αὐτὸς μὲν τοσούτῳ κινδύνῳ ἐστὶν ὑπεύθυνος: σὺ δὲ οὐδὲ πείθεσθαι αὐτῷ βούλει, καὶ ταῦτα εἰς τό σοι συμφέρον; Κἂν γὰρ τὰ καθ' ἑαυτὸν καλῶς διάθηται, ἕως ἂν τὰ σὰ μὴ καλῶς ᾖ διακείμενα, ἐναγώνιός ἐστι, διπλᾶς δίδωσι τὰς εὐθύνας. Ἐννόησον δὲ ὅσον ἐστὶ καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν ἀρχομένων ἐξετάζεσθαι καὶ ἀγωνιᾷν. Πόσην βούλει θεῖναι τιμήν; πόσην θεραπείαν ἀντίῤῥοπον τῶν κινδύνων τούτων; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ἴσον ἐρεῖς: οὔπω γὰρ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐπιδέδωκας, αὐτὸς δὲ τὴν ψυχὴν τίθησιν ὑπὲρ σοῦ. Κἂν μὴ θῇ ἐνταῦθα καιροῦ καλοῦντος, ἀπολλύει αὐτὴν ἐκεῖ: σὺ δὲ οὐδὲ μέχρι λόγου ὑποτάσσεσθαι βούλει. Τοῦτο πάντων τῶν κακῶν αἴτιον, ὅτι τὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἠφανίσθη: οὐδεμία αἰδὼς, οὐδεὶς φόβος. Πείθεσθε, φησὶ, τοῖς ἡγουμένοις ὑμῶν, καὶ ὑπείκετε: νυνὶ δὲ πάντα κατεστράφη καὶ συγκέχυται. Οὐχὶ τῶν ἡγουμένων ἕνεκεν ταῦτα λέγω: τί γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς ὠφεληθήσονται τῆς ἡμετέρας, ἢ τοσοῦτον ὅσον πειθηνίους ἕξουσιν; ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ ὑμῖν συμφέρον. Οὗτοι μὲν γὰρ, κἂν τιμηθῶσιν, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦνται πρὸς τὸ μέλλον, ἀλλὰ μεῖζον αὐτοῖς τὸ κατάκριμα: κἂν ὑβρισθῶσιν, οὐδὲν ἐβλάβησαν πρὸς τὸ μέλλον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πλείων αὐτοῖς ἡ ἀπολογία. Ἀλλ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ἕνεκεν ἅπαντα βούλομαι γενέσθαι. Ὅταν γὰρ τιμῶνται παρὰ τῶν ἀρχομένων οἱ ἡγούμενοι, καὶ τοῦτο αὐτοῖς προφέρεται, καθάπερ τῷ Ἠλεὶ ἔλεγεν, Ἔλαβόν σε ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ πατρός σου: ὅταν δὲ ὑβρίζωνται, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ Σαμουὴλ, Οὐ σὲ, φησὶν, ἐξουθενήκασιν, ἀλλ' ἢ ἐμέ. Ὥστε ἡ μὲν ὕβρις κέρδος αὐτοῖς ἐστιν, ἡ δὲ τιμὴ βάρος. Οὐκ αὐτῶν τοίνυν ἕνεκεν ταῦτα λέγω, ἀλλ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν. Ὁ τιμῶν τὸν ἱερέα, καὶ τὸν Θεὸν τιμήσει: ὁ δὲ μαθὼν τοῦ ἱερέως καταφρονεῖν, ὁδῷ προβαίνων καὶ εἰς τὸν Θεὸν ὑβρίσει ποτέ. Ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς, φησὶν, ἐμὲ δέχεται: καὶ, Τοὺς ἱερέας αὐτοῦ, φησὶν, ἐντίμους ἔχε. Ἐντεῦθεν ἔμαθον Ἰουδαῖοι τοῦ Θεοῦ καταφρονεῖν, ὅτι Μωϋσέως κατεφρόνησαν, ὅτι αὐτὸν ἐλίθαζον. Ὅταν γάρ τις πρὸς τὸν ἱερέα εὐλαβῶς διατεθῇ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον πρὸς τὸν Θεόν. Κἂν ὁ ἱερεὺς φαῦλος ᾖ, ὁ Θεὸς ὁρῶν ὅτι διὰ τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν τιμὴν καὶ τὸν οὐκ ἄξιον τιμῆς θεραπεύεις, καὶ αὐτὸς ἀποδώσει σοι τὴν ἀμοιβήν. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ δεχόμενος προφήτην, φησὶν, εἰς ὄνομα προφήτου, μισθὸν προφήτου λήψεται: καὶ ὁ τιμῶν καὶ ὁ εἴκων καὶ ὑπακούων, δηλονότι τῷ ἱερεῖ. Εἰ γὰρ ἔνθα φιλοξενίας λόγος, ἔνθα οὐκ οἶδας τὸν καταγόμενον, τοσοῦτον λαμβάνεις μισθόν: ᾧ καὶ κελεύει ὑποτάσσεσθαι, ἂν ὑποταγῇς, πολλῷ μᾶλλον. Ἐπὶ τῆς Μωϋσέως, φησὶ, καθέδρας ἐκάθισαν οἱ γραμματεῖς καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι: πάντα οὖν, ὅσα ἂν λέγωσιν ὑμῖν ποιεῖν, ποιεῖτε: κατὰ δὲ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν μὴ ποιεῖτε. Οὐκ οἶδας τί ἐστιν ὁ ἱερεύς; Ἄγγελος Κυρίου ἐστί. Μὴ γὰρ τὰ ἑαυτοῦ λέγει; Εἰ καταφρονεῖς αὐτοῦ, οὐκ αὐτοῦ καταφρονεῖς, ἀλλὰ τοῦ χειροτονήσαντος αὐτὸν Θεοῦ. Καὶ πόθεν δῆλον ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ἐχειροτόνησεν αὐτὸν, φησίν; Οὐκοῦν, εἰ μὴ ταύτην ἔχεις τὴν ὑπόληψιν, ἡ ἐλπίς σου κεκένωται. Εἰ γὰρ μηδὲν ἐνεργεῖ ὁ Θεὸς δι' αὐτοῦ, οὔτε λουτρὸν ἔχεις, οὔτε μυστηρίων μετέχεις, οὔτε εὐλογιῶν ἀπολαύεις: οὐκ ἄρα Χριστιανὸς εἶ. γʹ. Τί οὖν; φησί: πάντας ὁ Θεὸς χειροτονεῖ, καὶ τοὺς ἀναξίους; Πάντας μὲν ὁ Θεὸς οὐ χειροτονεῖ, διὰ πάντων δὲ αὐτὸς ἐνεργεῖ, εἰ καὶ αὐτοὶ εἶεν ἀνάξιοι, διὰ τὸ σωθῆναι τὸν λαόν. Εἰ γὰρ δι' ὄνου, καὶ διὰ Βαλαὰμ, διὰ μιαροῦ ἀνθρώπου, τοῦ λαοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐλάλησε, πολλῷ μᾶλλον διὰ τοῦ ἱερέως. Τί γὰρ οὐ ποιεῖ ὁ Θεὸς τῆς σωτηρίας ἕνεκεν τῆς ἡμετέρας; Τί γὰρ οὐ φθέγγεται; διὰ τίνος δὲ οὐκ ἐνεργεῖ; Εἰ διὰ τοῦ Ἰούδα ἐνέργησε, καὶ διὰ τῶν προφητευόντων, οἷς φησιν, Οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς, ἀποχωρεῖτε ἀπ' ἐμοῦ οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν, καὶ ἄλλοι δαίμονας ἐξέβαλον: πολλῷ μᾶλλον διὰ τῶν ἱερέων ἐνεργήσει. Ἐπεὶ εἰ μέλλοιμεν τοὺς βίους ἐρευνᾷν τῶν ἀρχόντων, αὐτοὶ μέλλομεν εἶναι χειροτονηταὶ τῶν διδασκάλων, καὶ τὰ ἄνω κάτω γίνεται, ἄνω οἱ πόδες, καὶ κάτω ἡ κεφαλή. Ἄκουε Παύλου λέγοντος: Ἐμοὶ δὲ εἰς ἐλάχιστόν ἐστιν, ἵνα ὑφ' ὑμῶν ἀνακριθῶ, ἢ ὑπὸ ἀνθρωπίνης ἡμέρας: καὶ πάλιν, Σὺ τί κρίνεις τὸν ἀδελφόν σου; Εἰ τὸν ἀδελφὸν οὐ δεῖ κρίνειν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὸν διδάσκαλον. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ τοῦτο ἐπέταξεν ὁ Θεὸς, καλῶς ποιεῖς, καὶ ἁμαρτάνεις μὴ ποιῶν: εἰ δὲ τοὐναντίον, μὴ τόλμα, μηδὲ ὑπὲρ τὰ ἐσκαμμένα ἐπιχείρει. Τῷ Ἀαρὼν μετὰ τὴν μοσχοποιίαν ἐπανέστησαν οἱ περὶ Κορὲ καὶ Δαθὰν καὶ Ἀβειρών: τί οὖν; οὐκ ἀπώλοντο; Ἕκαστος τὰ ἑαυτοῦ μεριμνάτω. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ δόγμα ἔχει διεστραμμένον, κἂν ἄγγελος ᾖ, μὴ πείθου: εἰ δὲ ὀρθὰ διδάσκει, μὴ τῷ βίῳ πρόσεχε, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ῥήμασιν. Ἔχεις Παῦλον καὶ δι' ἔργων καὶ διὰ λόγων ῥυθμίζοντά σε πρὸς τὸ δέον. Ἀλλ' οὐ δίδωσι πένησι, φησὶν, οὐδὲ καλῶς διοικεῖ. Πόθεν σοι τοῦτο δῆλον; Πρὶν ἢ μάθῃς, μὴ μέμψῃ, φοβήθητι τὰς εὐθύνας. Πολλὰ ἀπὸ ὑπονοίας κρίνεται. Μίμησαί σου τὸν Δεσπότην: ἄκουε αὐτοῦ λέγοντος: Καταβὰς ὄψομαι εἰ κατὰ τὴν κραυγὴν αὐτῶν συντελοῦνται: εἰ δὲ μὴ, ἵνα γνῶ. Εἰ δὲ κατέμαθες καὶ ἐξήτασας καὶ εἶδες, ἀνάμενε τὸν κριτήν: μὴ προαρπάσῃς τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὴν τάξιν: ἐκείνου ταῦτά ἐστιν ἐξετάζειν, οὐ σοῦ: σὺ δοῦλος εἶ ἔσχατος, οὐ δεσπότης: σὺ πρόβατον εἶ: μὴ τοίνυν περιεργάζου τὸν ποιμένα, ἵνα μὴ καὶ ἐφ' οἷς ἐκείνου κατηγορεῖς, εὐθύνας δῷς. Καὶ πῶς ἐμοὶ λέγει, φησὶν, αὐτὸς οὐ ποιῶν; Οὐκ αὐτός σοι λέγει: εἰ αὐτῷ πείθῃ, μισθὸν οὐκ ἔχεις: ὁ Χριστός σοι ταῦτα παραινεῖ. Καὶ τί λέγω; οὐδὲ Παύλῳ πείθεσθαι χρὴ, ἄν τι ἴδιον λέγῃ, ἄν τι ἀνθρώπινον, ἀλλὰ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ τῷ τὸν Χριστὸν ἔχοντι λαλοῦντα ἐν ἑαυτῷ. Μὴ κρίνωμεν τὰ ἀλλήλων, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἑαυτοῦ ἕκαστος: ἐξέτασον σοῦ τὸν βίον. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνος ὀφείλει μου βελτίων εἶναι, φησί. Διὰ τί; Ὅτι ἱερεύς ἐστι. Καὶ τί σου πλέον οὐκ ἔχει; οὐχὶ τοὺς μόχθους; οὐχὶ τοὺς κινδύνους; οὐχὶ τὴν ἀγωνίαν; οὐχὶ τὴν ταλαιπωρίαν; Ταῦτα τοίνυν ἔχων πῶς οὐ βελτίων ἐστί σου; Εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἔστι βελτίων, ἆρα ὀφείλεις, εἰπέ μοι, σὺ σαυτὸν ἀπολλύναι; Ἀπονοίας ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα. Πόθεν γὰρ, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι σου βελτίων; Ἐὰν κλέπτῃ, φησὶ, καὶ ἱεροσυλῇ. Πόθεν οἶδας, ἄνθρωπε; τί κατὰ κρημνῶν ὠθεῖς σαυτόν; Καὶ σὺ μὲν, ἂν εἴπῃ τις, ὅτι ὁ δεῖνα πορφύραν ἔχει, κἂν εἰδὼς ᾖς, ἀποφράττεις τὰ ὦτα, κἂν ἐλέγξαι δυνάμενος ᾖς, ἀποπηδᾷς εὐθέως καὶ προσποιῇ μὴ εἰδέναι, περιττὸν κίνδυνον μὴ θέλων ἀναδέξασθαι: ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἀποπηδᾷς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀναδέχῃ περιττὸν κίνδυνον. Ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνεύθυνα: ἄκουε γὰρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος, Λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν, ὅτι πᾶν ῥῆμα ἀργὸν, ὃ ἐὰν λαλήσωσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, δώσουσι περὶ αὐτοῦ λόγον ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως. Ὅλως δὲ, οἴει τινὸς βελτίων εἶναι, καὶ οὐ στενάζεις, οὐδὲ κόπτεις τὸ στῆθος, οὐδὲ κάτω κύπτεις, οὐδὲ μιμῇ τὸν τελώνην; Οὐκοῦν ἀπώλεσας σαυτὸν, κἂν βελτίων ᾖς. Βελτίων εἶ; σίγα, ἵνα μένῃς βελτίων: ἂν δὲ εἴπῃς, ἐκένωσας τὸ πᾶν. Ἂν νομίσῃς, οὐχί: ἂν μὴ νομίσῃς, πολὺ προσέθηκας. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ ὢν ἁμαρτωλὸς, ἐπειδὴ ὡμολόγησε, κατῆλθε δεδικαιωμένος, ὁ μὴ ὢν σφόδρα ἁμαρτωλὸς, καὶ οὕτω πεπεισμένος, τί οὐ κερδανεῖ; Ἐξέτασόν σου τὸν βίον. Οὐ κλέπτεις; ἀλλ' ἁρπάζεις, ἀλλὰ βιάζῃ, ἀλλὰ μυρία ἕτερα τοιαῦτα ποιεῖς. Οὐκ ἐπαινῶν λέγω τὴν κλοπὴν, ἄπαγε, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα δακρύων, εἴ τις ἄρα ἐστὶ τοιοῦτος: οὐ γὰρ πείθομαι. Ὅσον γὰρ ἡ ἱεροσυλία κακὸν, οὐδὲ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν: ἀλλ' ὑμῶν φείδομαι: οὐ γὰρ βούλομαι τὴν ἀρετὴν τὴν ἡμετέραν κενοῦσθαι τῷ κατηγορεῖν ἑτέρων. Τί τοῦ τελώνου χεῖρον, εἰπέ μοι; Ἀληθὲς ἦν, ὅτι καὶ τελώνης ἦν, καὶ μυρίων ἔνοχος κακῶν: καὶ μόνον ἵνα εἴπῃ ὁ Φαρισαῖος, Ὅτι οὐκ εἰμὶ ὡς οὗτος ὁ τελώνης, πάντα ἀπώλεσε: σὺ περὶ τοῦ ἱερέως λέγεις, ὅτι Οὐκ εἰμὶ ὡς οὗτος ἱερόσυλος, καὶ οὐ πάντα κενοῖς; Ταῦτα λέγειν ἀναγκάζομαι καὶ ἐπεξιέναι τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ ἐκείνων μοι μέλει τοσοῦτον, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ περὶ ὑμῶν δέδοικα, μὴ κενώσητε ὑμῶν τὴν ἀρετὴν διὰ τῆς καυχήσεως ταύτης, διὰ τῆς κατακρίσεως. Ἄκουε γὰρ τοῦ Παύλου παραινοῦντος καὶ λέγοντος: Τὸ δὲ ἔργον ἑαυτοῦ δοκιμαζέτω ἕκαστος, καὶ τότε εἰς ἑαυτὸν μόνον τὸ καύχημα ἕξει, καὶ οὐκ εἰς τὸν ἕτερον. δʹ. Εἰπέ μοι, ἂν εἰς ἰατρεῖον ἔλθῃς τραῦμα ἔχων, μὴ ἀφεὶς φάρμακον ἐπιθεῖναι καὶ θεραπεῦσαι τὸ ἕλκος, περιεργάζῃ τὸν ἰατρὸν, εἴτε ἕλκος ἔχει, εἴτε οὐκ ἔχει; κἂν ἔχῃ δὲ, φροντίζεις; ἢ ἐπειδὴ ἔχει ἐκεῖνος, τὸ σαυτοῦ οὐ θεραπεύεις, καὶ λέγεις, Ἐχρῆν αὐτὸν ὑγιαίνειν ἰατρὸν ὄντα: ἐπειδὴ οὐχ ὑγιαίνει ἰατρὸς ὢν, ἀφίημι κἀγὼ τὸ ἕλκος τὸ ἐμὸν ἀνίατον; μὴ γὰρ, ἂν ὁ ἱερεὺς ᾖ κακὸς, παραμυθία ἔσται τῷ ἀρχομένῳ; Οὐδαμῶς, ἀλλὰ δώσει μὲν ἐκεῖνος δίκην τὴν ὡρισμένην: δώσεις δὲ καὶ σὺ τὴν ὀφειλομένην καὶ πρέπουσαν: καὶ γὰρ ὁ διδάσκαλος τάξιν λοιπὸν πληροῖ μόνον. Ἔσονται γὰρ, φησὶ, πάντες διδακτοὶ Θεοῦ, καὶ οὐ μὴ εἴπωσι, Γνῶθι τὸν Κύριον, ὅτι πάντες εἰδήσουσί με ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου αὐτῶν. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν, φησὶ, προκάθηται: τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ἐφέστηκε; Μὴ λέγωμεν, παρακαλῶ, κακῶς τοὺς διδασκάλους, μηδὲ ἀκριβολογώμεθα περὶ τούτων, ἵνα μὴ κακῶς ἑαυτοὺς διαθῶμεν: τὰ ἡμέτερα ἐξετάζωμεν, καὶ οὐδένα ἐροῦμεν κακῶς. Αἰδεσθῶμεν τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην, καθ' ἣν ἡμᾶς ἐφώτισεν. Ἂν πατέρα τις ἔχῃ, κἂν μυρία ἔχῃ δεινὰ, πάντα συσκιάζει. Μὴ δοξάζου γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ πατρός σου: οὐ γάρ ἐστί σοι δόξα ὡς ὄνειδος. Κἂν ἀπολίπῃ σύνεσις, συγγνώμην ἔχε. Εἰ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν σωματικῶν πατέρων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῶν πνευματικῶν πατέρων ταῦτα λεκτέον. Αἰδέσθητι ὅτι καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν σοι διακονεῖται: ἀναγινώσκεσθαι ποιεῖ τὰς Γραφὰς, διὰ σὲ τὸν οἶκον κοσμεῖ, διὰ σὲ ἀγρυπνεῖ, διὰ σὲ εὔχεται, ὑπὲρ σοῦ ἕστηκε τὸν Θεὸν παρακαλῶν, διὰ σὲ λιτὰς ποιεῖ, ὑπὲρ σοῦ πᾶσα αὐτῷ ἡ θρησκεία. Ταῦτα αἰδέσθητι, ταῦτα ἐννόησον, μετὰ πάσης εὐλαβείας πρόσιθι. Εἰπέ μοι, φαῦλός ἐστι; Καὶ τί τοῦτο; ὁ γὰρ μὴ φαῦλος αὐτός σοι χαρίζεται τὰ μεγάλα ἀγαθά; Οὐδαμῶς: πρὸς τὴν πίστιν τὴν σὴν τὸ πᾶν ἐνεργεῖται. Οὔτε ὁ δίκαιος ὠφελήσει τι, μὴ ὄντος σου πιστοῦ, οὔτε ὁ φαῦλος βλάψει τι, ὄντος σου πιστοῦ. Διὰ βοῶν ἐνήργησεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐπὶ τῆς κιβωτοῦ, ὅτε ἐβούλετο σῶσαι τὸν λαόν. Μὴ γὰρ ὁ βίος τοῦ ἱερέως, μὴ γὰρ ἡ ἀρετὴ τοσοῦτόν τι συντελεῖ; Οὐκ ἔστι τοιαῦτα ἃ χαρίζεται ὁ Θεὸς, ὡς ὑπὸ ἱερατικῆς ἀρετῆς ἀνύεσθαι: τὸ πᾶν τῆς χάριτός ἐστι: τούτου ἐστὶν ἀνοῖξαι μόνον τὸ στόμα, τὸ δὲ πᾶν ὁ Θεὸς ἐργάζεται: σύμβολον οὗτος πληροῖ μόνον. Ἐννόησον ὅσον ἐστὶ τὸ μέσον Ἰωάννου καὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ: ἄκουε γὰρ Ἰωάννου λέγοντος: Ἐγὼ χρείαν ἔχω ὑπὸ σοῦ βαπτισθῆναι, καὶ, Οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς λῦσαι τὸν ἱμάντα τοῦ ὑποδήματος. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ τοσούτου ὄντος τοῦ μέσου, καὶ Πνεῦμα κατηνέχθη, ὅπερ οὐκ εἶχεν Ἰωάννης. Ἐκ γὰρ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ, φησὶν, ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐλάβομεν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως πρὶν ἢ βαπτισθῆναι, οὐ κατηνέχθη: οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ Ἰωάννης ἐποίησεν αὐτὸ κατενεχθῆναι. Τί οὖν τοῦτο γίνεται; Ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι σύμβολον ὁ ἱερεὺς πληροῖ. Οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων ἀνθρώπου τοσοῦτον ἀφέστηκεν, ὅσον Ἰωάννης τοῦ Ἰησοῦ: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐπ' αὐτοῦ κατῆλθε τὸ Πνεῦμα, ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι τὸ πᾶν ὁ Θεὸς ἐργάζεται, ὅτι τὸ πᾶν ὁ Θεὸς ποιεῖ. Βούλομαί τι παράδοξον εἰπεῖν, ἀλλὰ μὴ θαυμάσητε μηδὲ θορυβηθῆτε. Τί δὴ τοῦτό ἐστιν; Ἡ προσφορὰ ἡ αὐτή ἐστι, κἂν ὁ τυχὼν προσενέγκῃ, κἂν Παῦλος, κἂν Πέτρος: ἡ αὐτή ἐστιν, ἣν ὁ Χριστὸς τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἔδωκε, καὶ ἣν νῦν οἱ ἱερεῖς ποιοῦσιν: οὐδὲν αὕτη ἐλάττων ἐκείνης, ὅτι καὶ ταύτην οὐκ ἄνθρωποι ἁγιάζουσιν, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ὁ καὶ ἐκείνην ἁγιάσας. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὰ ῥήματα, ἅπερ ὁ Θεὸς ἐφθέγξατο, τὰ αὐτά ἐστιν, ἅπερ ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ νῦν λέγει: οὕτω καὶ ἡ προσφορὰ ἡ αὐτή ἐστι, καὶ τὸ βάπτισμα ὅπερ ἔδωκεν. Οὕτω τὸ πᾶν τῆς Πίστεώς ἐστιν. Ἐπεπήδησεν εὐθέως τὸ πνεῦμα ἐπὶ Κορνήλιον, ἐπειδὴ προλαβὼν τὰ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ ἐπεδείξατο, καὶ τὴν πίστιν εἰσήνεγκε. Καὶ τοῦτο τοίνυν σῶμά ἐστι, κἀκεῖνο: ὁ δὲ νομίζων τοῦτο ἔλαττον ἐκείνου εἶναι, οὐκ οἶδεν ὅτι ὁ Χριστὸς καὶ νῦν πάρεστι, καὶ νῦν ἐνεργεῖ. Ταῦτα τοίνυν εἰδότες (οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς εἴρηται ἡμῖν ταῦτα πάντα, ἀλλ' ἵνα διορθώσωμεν ὑμῶν τὴν γνώμην, καὶ ἀσφαλεστέρους εἰς τὸ ἑξῆς ἐργασώμεθα), πολλὴν τῶν εἰρημένων τὴν φυλακὴν ἐπιδείξασθε. Ἂν δὲ ἀεὶ μὲν ἀκούωμεν, πράττωμεν δὲ μηδέποτε, οὐδὲν ἡμῖν ὄφελος ἔσται τῶν λεγομένων. Προσέχωμεν τοίνυν ἀκριβῶς, προσέχωμεν τοῖς λεχθεῖσι μετ' ἐπιμελείας, ἀπογράψωμεν αὐτὰ ἐπὶ τῆς διανοίας τῆς ἡμετέρας, ἔχωμεν ἀεὶ κεκολαμμένα τῷ συνειδότι καὶ διηνεκῶς δόξαν ἀναπέμψωμεν τῷ Πατρὶ καὶ τῷ Υἱῷ καὶ τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι.