Homily XXXVI.

1 Cor. xiv. 20

Brethren, be not children in mind; howbeit in malice be ye babes, but in mind be men.

As might be expected, after his long argument and demonstration he adopts a more vehement style and abundance of rebuke; and mentions an example suited to the subject. For children too are wont to gape after trifles and to be fluttered, but of things very great they have not so much admiration. Since then these also having the gift of tongues, which was the lowest of all, thought they had the whole; therefore he saith, “Be not children,” i.e., be not without understanding where ye ought to be considerate, but there be ye childlike and simple, where unrighteousness is, where vain-glory, where pride. For he that is a babe in wickedness ought also to be wise. Since as wisdom with wickedness would not be wisdom, so also simplicity with folly would not be simplicity, it being requisite both in simplicity to avoid folly, and in wisdom wickedness. For as neither bitter nor sweet medicines in excess do good, so neither doth simplicity by itself, nor wisdom: and this is why Christ enjoining us to mix both said, “Be ye wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.” (Matt. x. 16.)

But what is it to be a babe in wickedness? Not even to know what wickedness is: yea, such he willed them to be. Wherefore also he said, “It is actually reported that there is fornication among you.” (1 Cor. v. 1.) He said not, “is done,” but is “reported:” as if he said, “ye are not without knowledge of the thing; ye have heard of it some time.” I say, he would have them both to be men and children; the one however in wickedness, but the other in wisdom. For so even the man may become a man, if he be also a child: but as long as he is not a child in wickedness, neither will he be a man. For the wicked, instead of being mature, will be but a fool.

Ver. 21. “In the law it is written, By men of strange tongues and by the lips of strangers will I speak unto this people; and not even thus will they hear me, saith the Lord.”

Yet surely it is no where written in the Law, but as I said before, he calls always the whole of the Old Testament, the Law: both the prophets and the historical books. And he brings forward his testimony from Esaias the prophet, again covertly detracting from the glory of the gift, for their profit; nevertheless, even thus he states it with praise. For the expression, “not even thus,” hath force to point out that the miracle was enough to astonish them; and if they did not believe, the fault was theirs. And wherefore did God work it, if they were not to believe? That He might in every case appear to do His part.

[2.]  Having shown then even from the prophecy, that the sign in question is not of great use, he adds,

Ver. 22. “Wherefore tongues are for a sign, not to them that believe, but to the unbelieving: but prophesying is for a sign not to the unbelieving, but to them that believe.”

Ver. 23. “If therefore the whole Church be assembled together, and all speak with tongues, and there come in men unlearned or unbelieving, will they not say that ye are mad?”

Ver. 24. “But if all prophesy, and there come in one unbelieving or unlearned, he is reproved by all, he is judged by all:”

Ver. 25. “And thus the secrets of his heart are made manifest; and so he will fall down on his face and worship God, declaring that God is among you indeed.”

Great in this place is the difficulty which one seems to find arising from what is said. For if tongues are for a sign to them that believe not, how saith he, if they that believe not should see you speaking with tongues, they will say that “ye are mad?” And if prophecy be “not for the unbelieving, but for them that believe,” how shall also the unbelievers gain thereby?

“For if there come in,” saith he, “when ye are prophesying, one that believeth not, he is reproved by all, and judged.”

And not only this, but also after this another question hence springs up: since the tongue will appear on the contrary greater than the prophecy. For if the tongues are for a sign to the unbelieving, but prophecy to them that believe, that which draws in aliens and makes of the household, is greater than that which regulates those of the household. What then is the meaning of that expression? Nothing difficult nor obscure, nor contrary to what went before, but rather very agreeable to it, if we give heed: viz., that prophecy is suitable to both, but then tongue not so. Wherefore having said of the tongue, “it is for a sign,” he adds, “not to them that believe, but to the unbelievers,” and to them “for a sign,” i.e., for astonishment, not so much for instruction.

“But in the case of prophecy too,” saith some one, “he did the very same thing, saying, ‘but prophesying serveth not for the unbelieving, but for them which believe.’ For the believer hath no need to see a sign, but requires only teaching and catechizing. How then sayest thou,” saith he, “that prophecy is of use to both, when Paul saith ‘not to the unbelieving, but to them which believe?’” If thou wilt accurately examine, thou wilt understand what is said. For he said not, “prophecy is not useful to them unbelieving,” but, “is not for a sign,” as the tongue,” i.e., a mere sign without profit: nor is the tongue any way useful to believers; for its only work is to astonish and to confound; the word “sign” being one of those which may be taken two ways: as when he saith, “show me a sign,” (Ps. lxxxvi. 17.) and adds, “for good:” and again, “I am become as a wonder unto many,” (Ps. lxxi. 7.) i.e., a sign.

And to show thee that he introduced the term “sign” here, not as a thing which of course did some good, he added that which resulted from it. And what was this? “They will say,” saith he, “that ye are mad.” This however not from the nature of the sign, but from their folly. But when thou hearest of unbelievers, do not suppose that the same persons are in every case intended, but at one time they which are incurably diseased and abide uncorrected, and at another they which may be changed; such as were they who in the times of the Apostles admire the mighty things of God which they hear of; such as in the case of Cornelius. His meaning accordingly is this; that prophecy avails both among the unbelieving and among them that believe: as to the tongue, when heard by the unbelieving and inconsiderate, instead of profiting by it, they rather deride the utterers as madmen. For, in fact, it is to them but for a sign, i.e., in order to astonish them merely; whereas they who had understanding used also to profit by it: with a view to which the sign was given. Even as then there were not only certain who accused them of drunkenness, but many also admired them as relating the wonderful works of God. It appears then that the mockers were those without understanding. Wherefore also Paul did not simply say, “they will say that ye are mad,” but added, “unlearned and unbelievers.”

But prophecy is not for a sign merely, but is also suitable and useful for faith and for profit unto both classes. And this, if not directly, yet in the sequel he more clearly explained, saying, “he is reproved by all. For, if all prophesy,” saith he, “and there come in one unbelieving or unlearned, he is reproved by all; he is judged by all; and thus are the secrets of his heart made manifest; and so he will fall down on his face and worship God, declaring that God is among you indeed.”

So that not in this only is prophecy greater, in its availing with each class238    i.e. ἐν ἀπίστοις καὶ πίστοις., but also in its attracting the more shameless of the unbelievers. For it was not the same wonder, when Peter convicted239    ἤλεγξεν. Sapphira, which was a work of prophecy, and when he spake with tongues: but in the former case all shrank into themselves; whereas, when he spake with tongues, he got the credit of being even beside himself.

[3.] Having said then, that a tongue profited not, and having again qualified240    ὑποτεμόμενος αὐτὸ τοῦτο. this statement by turning the charge upon the Jews, he proceeds to signify that it even doth injury. “And wherefore was it given?” That it might go forth with interpretation: since without this, it hath even the contrary effect among them that are without understanding. “For if,” saith he, “all speak with tongues, and there come in unbelievers or unlearned, they will say that ye are mad;” as indeed even the Apostles incurred the suspicion of being drunken:  for “these men,” it saith, “are filled with new wine:  (Acts ii. 13.) but it is not the fault of the sign, but of their unskilfulness; therefore he added, “unlearned and unbelievers,” to show that the notion belongs to their ignorance and want of faith; for, as I before said, his object is to rank that gift not among things that are disparaged, but among those which do not greatly profit, and this, in order to repress them, and bring them to a necessity of seeking for an interpreter. For since the greater part looked not to this, but made use of it for display and rivalry, this is what he especially withdraws them from, intimating that their credit is injured, they bringing on themselves a suspicion of madness. And this especially is what Paul continually attempts to establish, when he wants to lead men away from any thing: he shows that the person suffers loss in respect of those very things which he desires.

And do thou accordingly likewise: if thou wouldest lead men away from pleasure, show that the thing is bitter: if thou wouldest withdraw them from vain-glory, show that the thing is full of dishonor: thus also was Paul used to do. When he would tear away the rich from their love of money, he said not merely that wealth is a hurtful thing, but also that it casts into temptations. “For they that desire to be rich,” saith he,” fall into a temptation.” (1 Tim. vi. 9.) Thus, since it seems to deliver from temptations, he attributes to it the contrary of that which the rich supposed. Others again held fast by the wisdom that is without, as though by it establishing Christ’s doctrine; he signifies that not only it gives no aid to the cross, but even makes it void. They held to going to law before strangers, thinking it unmeet to be judged by their own, as if those without were wiser: he points out that going to law before them that are without is shameful. They clave to things offered in sacrifice to idols, as displaying perfect knowledge: he intimates that this is a mark of imperfect knowledge, not to know how to manage in the things which concern our neighbors. So also here, because they were wild241    ἐπτόηντο. about this gift of tongues, through their love of glory, he signifies that this on the other hand more than any thing brings shame upon them, not only depriving them of glory, but also involving them in a suspicion of madness. But he did not at once say this, but having spoken very many things before, when he had made his discourse acceptable, then he brings in that topic so very contrary to their opinion. And this in fact is no more than the common rule; that he who intends thoroughly to shake a deep-rooted opinion and to turn men round to its contrary, must not at once state the opposites: otherwise he will be ridiculous in the eyes of them that are preoccupied by the contrary conviction. Since that which is very much beside expectation cannot be from the beginning easily received, but you must first well undermine by other arguments, and then give it the contrary turn.

Thus for example he did when discoursing of marriage: I mean, since many regarded it as a thing which brings ease, and he wished to intimate that the abstaining from marriage was ease; if he had said this at once he would not so easily have made it acceptable: whereas now, having stated it after much other matter and timing its introduction exactly, he strongly touched the hearers. This also he did in respect of virginity. For before this having said much, and after this again, at last he saith, “I spare you,” and, “I would have you to be free from cares.” (1 Cor. vii. 28, 32.)

This then he doth in respect of the tongues, showing that they not only deprive of glory, but also bring shame upon those who have them in the eyes of the unbelievers. But prophecy, on the contrary, is both free from reproach among the unbelievers, and hath very great credit and usefulness. For none will say in regard to prophesying, “they are mad;” nor will any one deride them that prophesy; but, on the contrary, will be astonished at and admire them. For “he is reproved by all,” i.e., the things which he hath in his heart, are brought forward and shown unto all:  now it is not the same thing for any one to come in and see one speaking in Persian and another in Syriac, and to come in and hear the secrets of his own mind; as whether he cometh in as a tempter and with evil mind, or sincerely; or that such and such a thing hath been done by him, and such another designed. For this is much more awful and more profitable than the other. For this cause therefore, whereas of the tongues he saith, “ye are mad;” not however affirming this of himself, but of their judgment:  i.e., “they will say,” saith he, “that ye are mad;” here, on the contrary, he makes use both of the verdict of the facts242    i.e., the actions of the man’s life, and his conscience, which answers to the prophecy., and that of those who are the objects of the benefit. “For he is reproved by all,” saith he, “he is judged by all; and thus are the secrets of his heart made manifest; and so he will fall down on his face and worship God, declaring that God is around you indeed. Seest thou that this is not capable of two interpretations: how in the former case what is done may be doubted of, and here and there an unbeliever might ascribe it to madness? whereas here there will be no such thing, but he will both wonder and worship, first making a confession by his deeds, and then by his words also. Thus also Nebuchadnezzar worshipped God, saying, “Of a truth, your God, He is the God that revealeth secrets, seeing thou couldest reveal this secret.” (Dan. ii. 47.) Seest thou the might of prophecy, how it changed that savage one and brought him under instruction and introduced him to faith?

[4.] Ver. 26. “What is it then, brethren? When ye come together, each one hath a psalm, hath a teaching, hath a tongue, hath a revelation, hath an interpretation. Let all things be done unto edifying.”

Seest thou the foundation and the rule of Christianity? how, as it is the artificer’s work to build, so it is the Christian’s to profit his neighbors in all things.

But since he had vehemently run down the gift; lest it might seem to be superfluous, for with a view to pull down their pride and no more, he did this:—again he reckons it with the other gifts, saying, “hath a psalm, hath a teaching, hath a tongue.” For of old they used also to make psalms by a gift and to teach by a gift. Nevertheless, “let all these look to one thing,” saith he, “the correction of their neighbor: let nothing be done at random. For if thou comest not to edify thy brother, why dost thou come here at all? In fact, I do not make much account of the difference of the gifts. One thing concerns me, one thing is my desire, to do all things “unto edifying.” Thus also he that hath the lesser gift will outrun him that hath the greater, if this be not wanting. Yea, therefore are the gifts bestowed, that each might be edified; since unless this take place, the gift will rather turn to the condemnation of the receiver. For what, tell me, is the use of prophesying? What is the use of raising the dead, when there is none who profits by it? But if this be the end of the gifts, and if it be possible to effect it in another way without gifts, boast not thyself on the score of the signs, nor do thou bewail thyself to whom the gifts are denied.

[5.] Ver. 27. “And if any man speaketh in a tongue, let it be by two, or at the most by three, and that in turn; and let one interpret.”

Ver. 28. “But if there be no interpreter, let him keep silence in the Church; and let him speak to himself, and to God.”

What sayest thou, tell me? Having spoken so much of tongues, that the gift is a thing unprofitable, a thing superfluous, if it have no interpreter, dost thou command again to speak with tongues? I do not command, saith he, neither do I forbid; as when he saith, “if any of them that believe not bid you to a feast and ye be disposed to go,” he saith it not laying down a law for them to go, but not hindering them: so likewise here. “And let him speak to himself and to God.” If he endure not to be silent, saith he, but is so ambitious and vain-glorious, “let him speak by himself.243    καθ̓ ἑαυτόν.” And thus, by the very fact of so permitting, he greatly checked and put them to shame. Which he doth also elsewhere, discoursing of converse with a wife and saying, “But this I say because of your incontinency.” But not so did he speak, when he was discoursing of prophecy. How then? In a tone of command and legislation: “Let the prophets speak, two or three.” And he no where here seeks the interpreter, nor doth he stop the mouth of him that prophesies as under the former head, saying, “If there be no interpreter, let him keep silence;” because in fact he who speaks in a tongue is not sufficient of himself. Wherefore if any hath both gifts, let him speak. But if he hath not, yet wish to speak, let him do so with the interpreter’s aid. For the prophet is an interpreter, but of God; whereas thou art of man. “But if there be no interpreter, let him keep silence:” for nothing ought to be done superfluously, nothing for ambition. Only “let him speak to himself and to God;” i.e., mentally, or quietly and without noise: at least, if he will speak. For this is surely not the tone of one making a law, but it may be of one who shames them more even by his permission; as when he saith, “but if any hunger, let him eat at home:” and seeming to give permission, he touches them hereby the more sharply. “For ye come not together for this purpose,” saith he, “that ye may show that ye have a gift, but that ye may edify the hearers;” which also he before said, “Let all things be done unto edifying.”

[6.] Ver. 29. “Let the prophets speak by two or three, and let the others discern.”

No where hath he added, “at the most,” as in the case of the tongues. And how is this, one saith? For he makes out that neither is prophesy sufficient in itself, if at least he permitteth the judgment to others. Nay, surely it is quite sufficient; and this is why he did not stop the mouth of the prophet, as of the other, when there is no interpreter; nor, as in his case he said, “if there be no interpreter let him keep silence,” so also in the case of the prophet, “if there be none to discern, let him not prophesy;” but he only secured the hearer; since for the satisfaction of the hearers he said this, that no diviner might throw himself in among them. For of this also at the beginning he bade them beware, when he introduced a distinction between divination and prophecy, and now he bids them discriminate and spy out the matter, so that no Satanic teacher might privily enter.

Ver. 30. “But if a revelation be made to another sitting by, let the first keep silence.”

Ver. 31. “For ye all can prophesy one by one, that all may learn, and all may be comforted.”

What may this be which is spoken? “If when thou prophesiest,” saith he, “and art speaking, the spirit of another stir him up, be silent thenceforth.” For that which he said in the case of the tongues, this also here he requires, that it should be done “in turn,” only in a diviner way here. For he made not use of the very expression, “in turn244    ἀνὰ μέρος. v. 7.?” but “if a revelation be made to another.” Since what need was there further, that when the second was moved to prophesy the first should speak? Ought they then both? Nay, this were profane and would produce confusion. Ought the first? This too were out of place. For to this end when the one was speaking, the Spirit moved the other, in order that he too might say somewhat.

So then, comforting him that had been silenced, he saith, “For ye all can prophesy one by one, that all may learn, and all may be comforted.” Seest thou how again he states the reason wherefore he doeth all things? For if him that speaks with tongues he altogether forbid to speak, when he hath not an interpreter, because of the unprofitableness; reasonably also he bids restrain prophecy, if it have not this quality, but createth confusion and disturbance and unseasonable tumult.

Ver. 32. “And the spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets.”

Seest thou how he put him to shame earnestly and fearfully? For that the man might not strive nor be factious, he signifies that the gift itself was under subjection. For by “spirit” here, he means its actual working. But if the spirit be subject, much more thou its possessor canst not justly be contentious.

[7.] Then he signifies that this is pleasing also to God, subjoining and saying,

Ver. 33. “For God is not a God of confusion, but of peace, as [I teach] in all the Churches of the saints.”245    [Chrysostom connects this clause with what precedes as do Alford, Tregelles, Edwards and the Rev. Ver. He is doubtless right here, but not in his addition of διδάσκω, for which there is no adequate support. C.]

Seest thou by how many reasons he leads him to silence and soothes him, in the act of giving way to the other?  By one thing and that the chief, that he was not shut up by such a proceeding; “for ye all can prophesy,” saith he, “one by one.” By a second, that this seems good to the Spirit Himself; “for the spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets.” Besides these, that this is according to the mind of God; “for God,” saith he, “is not a God of confusion, but of peace:” and by a fourth, that in every part of the world this custom prevails, and no strange thing is enjoined upon them. For thus, saith he, “I teach in all the Churches of the saints.”

What now can be more awful than these things? For in truth the Church was a heaven then, the Spirit governing all things, and moving each one of the rulers and making him inspired. But now we retain only the symbols of those gifts. For now also we speak two or three, and in turn, and when one is silent, another begins. But these are only signs and memorials of those things. Wherefore when we begin to speak, the people respond, “with thy Spirit246    The “Anaphora,” or more solemn part of the Liturgy begins with the Versicle and Response here alluded to, in the Clementine Liturgy, and in those of St. Mark, St. Chrysostom, St. Basil, and the Roman Missal.,” indicating that of old they thus used to speak, not of their own wisdom, but moved by the Spirit. But not so now: (I speak of mine own case so far.)  But the present Church is like a woman who hath fallen from her former prosperous days, and in many respects retains the symbols only of that ancient prosperity; displaying indeed the repositories and caskets of her golden ornaments, but bereft of her wealth: such an one doth the present Church resemble. And I say not this in respect of gifts: for it were nothing marvelous if it were this only: but in respect also of life and virtue. Thus the list of her widows, and the choir of her virgins, then gave great ornament to the churches: but now she is made desolate and void, and the tokens only remain. There are indeed widows now, there are also virgins; but they retain not that adornment which women should have who prepare themselves for such wrestlings. For the special distinction of the virgin is the caring for the things of God alone, and the waiting on Him without distraction: and the widow’s mark too should be not so much the not engaging in a second marriage, as the other things, charity to the poor, hospitality, continuing instant in prayers, all those other things, which Paul writing to Timothy requires with great exactness. One may see also the married women exhibiting among us great seemliness. But this is not the only thing required, but rather that sedulous attention to the needy, through which those women of old shone out most brightly. Not as the generality now-a-days. For then instead of gold they were clothed with the fair array of almsgiving: but now, having left off this, they are decked out on every side with cords of gold woven of the chain of their sins.

Shall I speak of another repository too emptied of its hereditary splendor? They all met together in old time and sang psalms in common. This we do also now: but then among all was there one soul and one heart: but now not in one single soul can one see that unanimity, rather great is the warfare every where.

“Peace,” even now, “to all,”247    See Bingham, xiii. 8. 13.; S. Chrys. 3 Hom. in Coloss. t. iv. 106. Ed. Savile. he that presides in the Church prays for, entering as it were into his Father’s house: but of this peace the name is frequent, but the reality no where.

[8.] Then the very houses were churches: but now the church itself is a house, or rather worse than any house. For in a house one may see much good order: since both the mistress of the house is seated on her chair with all seemliness, and the maidens weave in silence, and each of the domestics hath his appointed task in hand. But here great is the tumult, great the confusion, and our assemblies differ in nothing from a vintner’s shop, so loud is the laughter, so great the disturbance; as in baths, as in markets, the cry and tumult is universal. And these things are here only: since elsewhere it is not permitted even to address one’s neighbor in the church, not even if one have received back a long absent friend, but these things are done without, and very properly. For the church is no barber’s or perfumer’s shop, nor any other merchant’s warehouse in the market-place, but a place of angels, a place of archangels, a palace of God, heaven itself. As therefore if one had parted the heaven and had brought thee in thither, though thou shouldest see thy father or thy brother, thou wouldest not venture to speak; so neither here ought one to utter any other sound but these which are spiritual. For, in truth, the things in this place are also a heaven.

And if thou believest not, look to this table, call to mind for Whose sake it is set, and why: consider Who it is that is coming forth here; tremble with awe even before the time. For so, when one sees the throne only of a king, in heart he rises up, expecting the king’s coming forth. And do thou accordingly thrill with awe even before that thrilling moment: raise up thyself, and before thou seest the veils drawn aside and the choir of angels marching forth, ascend thou to the very heaven.

But the uninitiated knows not these things. Well then, it is necessary with a view to him also to introduce other topics. For neither towards him shall we want reasons able to stir him up thoroughly and cause him to soar.

Thou then who knowest not these things, when thou shalt hear the prophet248    Because the Catechumens and others, as it seems, were allowed to hear the Lessons read, though not to be present at what was strictly called the Communion Service. See Bingham, xiv. iii. 1. saying, “Thus saith the Lord,” quit the earth, ascend thou also unto heaven, consider who it is that by him discourses with thee.

But as things are, for a buffoon who is moving laughter or for a whorish and abandoned woman, so vast an assemblage of spectators is set, listening in entire quietness to what is spoken, and this when none commands silence249    An allusion to the injunctions for silence used by the Deacon occasionally in the Church: see Bingham, ii. 20. 14:  and the Apost. Constit. ii. 57. as quoted by him; “Let the Deacon oversee the people, that none whisper, or doze, or laugh, or nod;” and afterwards in the time of the offering, “Let some of the Deacons observe the people, and make silence among them.” Chrys. Hom. 24. on Acts, says, “Prayer is going on, and here are young persons talking and jesting with one another even while on their knees. Do thou who standest by, young or old, rebuke them, if thou seest it; reprimand them more sharply; if he take it not well, call the Deacon.”; and there is neither tumult, nor cry, nor any the least noise: but when God is speaking from heaven on subjects so awful, we behave ourselves more impudently than dogs, and even to the harlot women we pay greater respect than to God.

Doth it make your flesh creep to be told of these things? Nay then, much rather let it creep when ye do them.

[9.] That which Paul said of them that despised the poor and feasted alone, “What, have ye not houses to eat and to drink in? or despise ye the Church of God, and shame them that have not?” (1 Cor. xi. 22.)—the same allow me also to say of those who make a disturbance and hold conversations in this place. “What? have ye not houses to trifle in? or despise ye the Church of God, and corrupt those even who would be modest and quiet?” “But it is sweet and pleasant for you to converse with your friends.” I do not forbid this, but let it be done in the house, in the market, in the baths. For the church is not a place of conversation, but of teaching. But now it differs not from the market; nay, if it be not too bold a word, haply, not even from the stage; in such sort do the women who assemble here adorn themselves more wantonly than the unchaste who are to be found there. Accordingly we see that even hither many profligates are enticed by them; and if any one is trying or intending to corrupt a woman, there is no place, I suppose, that seems to him more suitable than the church. And if anything be to be sold or bought, the church appears more convenient than the market. For on such subjects also there is more talk here than in the shops themselves. Or if any wish to say or to hear any scandal, you will find that this too is to be had here more than in the forum without. And if you wish to hear any thing of political matters, or the affairs of private families, or the camp, go not to the judgment-hall, nor sit in the apothecary’s shop; for here, here I say are those who report all these things more accurately; and our assemblies are any thing rather than a church.

Can it be that I have touched you to the quick? I for my part think not. For while ye continue in the same practices, how am I to know that you are touched by what hath been said? Therefore I must needs handle the same topics again.

Are these things then to be endured? Are these things to be borne? We weary and distract ourselves every day that ye may not depart without having learned something useful:  and none of you go away at all the better, but rather injured the more. Yea, and “ye come together unto judgment,” having no longer any cloak for your sin, and ye thrust out the more modest, disturbing them with your fooleries on every side.

But what do the multitude say? “I do not hear what is read,” saith one, “nor do I know what the words are which are spoken.” Because thou makest a tumult and confusion, because thou comest not with a reverent soul. What sayest thou?  “I know not what things are said.” Well then, for this very reason oughtest thou to give heed. But if not even the obscurity stir up thy soul, much more if things were clear wouldest thou hurry them by. Yea, this is the reason why neither all things are clear, lest thou shouldest indulge indolence; nor obscure, lest thou shouldest be in despair.

And whereas that eunuch and barbarian (Acts viii. 20.) said none of these things, but surrounded as he was with a crowd of so important affairs and on his journey, had a book in his hands and was reading: dost thou, both abounding in teachers, and having others to read to thee privately250    ὑπαναγινώσκοντας, perhaps, ‘repeating what is read in a lower tone.’, allege to me thine excuses and pretexts? Knowest thou not what is said? Why then pray that thou mayest learn: but sure it is impossible to be ignorant of all things. For many things are of themselves evident and clear. And further, even if thou be ignorant of all, even so oughtest thou to be quiet, not to put out them that are attentive; that God, accepting thy quietness and thy reverence, may make the obscure things also plain. But canst thou not be silent?  Well then, go out, not to become a mischief to others also.

For in truth there ought to be but one voice in the church always, even as there is but one body. Therefore both he that reads utters his voice alone, and the Bishop himself is content to sit in silence; and he who chants chants alone; and though all utter the response, the voice is wafted as from one mouth. And he that pronounces a homily pronounces it alone. But when there are many conversing on many and diverse subjects, why do we disturb you for no good? since surely unless ye thought that we are but disturbing you for no good, ye would not in the midst of our speech on such high matters, discourse on things of no consequence.

[10.] Therefore not in your conduct only, but in your very estimation of things, there is great perversion. And ye gape after superfluities, and leaving the truth pursue all sorts of shadows and dreams. Are not all present things a shadow and dreams, and worse than a shadow? For both before they appear, they fly away; and before they are flown, the trouble they give is much, and more than the pleasure. Let one acquire in this world and bury in the earth ever such abundance of wealth, yet when the night is past, naked he shall depart hence, and no wonder. Since they too who are rich but in a dream, on rising from their couch have nothing of what they seemed to have while sleeping. So also are the greedy of gain: or rather not so, but in a much worse condition. For he that dreams of being rich, neither hath the money which he fancied he had, nor is any other mischief found to have accrued to him from this phantasy when he arises, but this man is both deprived of his riches, and hath also to depart, filled with the sins which arise out of them; and in his wealth having but enjoyed a phantasy, the evils resulting from his wealth he sees not in fancy any more, but in the very truth of things; and his pleasure was in dreams, but the punishment ensuing on his pleasure turns out no more a dream, but is matter of actual experience. Yea rather, even before that punishment, even here he pays the heaviest penalty, in the very collecting of his wealth wearing into himself innumerable sadnesses, anxieties, accusations, calumnies, tumults, perturbations.

In order therefore that we may be delivered both from the dreams and from the evils that are not in dreams, instead of covetousness let us choose almsgiving, instead of rapine, mercy to mankind. For thus we shall obtain the good things both present and to come, through the grace and mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ, with Whom, to the Father, with the Holy Ghost, be glory, power, honor, now and ever, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΛϚʹ. Ἀδελφοὶ, μὴ παιδία γίνεσθε ταῖς φρεσὶν, ἀλλὰ τῇ κακίᾳ νηπιάζετε, ταῖς δὲ φρεσὶ τέλειοι γί νεσθε. αʹ. Εἰκότως μετὰ τὴν πολλὴν κατασκευὴν καὶ τὴν ἀπόδειξιν, σφοδρότερον κέχρηται τῷ λόγῳ, καὶ πολλῇ τῇ ἐπιτιμήσει, καὶ παραδείγματος μέμνηται καταλλήλου τῷ ὑποκειμένῳ. Καὶ γὰρ τὰ παιδία πρὸς μὲν τὰ μικρὰ κέχηνε καὶ ἐπτόηται, τῶν δὲ σφόδρα μεγάλων οὐ τοσοῦτον ἔχει θαῦμα. Ἐπεὶ οὖν καὶ οὗτοι γλωσσῶν ἔχοντες χάρισμα, τὸ πᾶν ἔχειν ἐνόμιζον, ὅπερ τῶν ἄλλων ἔσχατον ἦν, διὰ τοῦτό φησι, Μὴ παιδία γίνεσθε, τουτέστι, μὴ ἀνόητοι, ἔνθα συνετοὺς εἶναι χρὴ, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖ νήπιοι καὶ ἀφελεῖς, ἔνθα ἀδικία, ἔνθα κενοδοξία, ἔνθα φύσημα: τὸν γὰρ τῇ κακίᾳ νηπιάζοντα καὶ φρόνιμον εἶναι δεῖ. Ὥσπερ γὰρ φρόνησις μετὰ κακουργίας οὐκ ἂν εἴη φρόνησις, οὕτω καὶ ἀφέλεια μετὰ ἀνοίας οὐκ ἂν εἴη ἀφέλεια. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν τῇ ἀφελείᾳ καὶ τὴν ἄνοιαν φεύγειν δεῖ, καὶ ἐν τῇ φρονήσει τὴν πονηρίαν. Καθάπερ γὰρ οὔτε τὰ πικρὰ φάρμακα πέρα τοῦ δέοντος, οὔτε τὰ γλυκέα ὀνίνησιν, οὕτως οὐδὲ ἀφέλεια καθ' ἑαυτὴν, οὐδὲ φρόνησις. Διόπερ ἀμφότερα κατακεράσαι κελεύων ὁ Χριστὸς ἔλεγε, Γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις, καὶ ἀκέραιοι ὡς αἱ περιστεραί. Τί δέ ἐστι νήπιον εἶναι κακίᾳ; Τὸ μηδὲ εἰδέναι τί ποτέ ἐστι κακία: τοιούτους γὰρ αὐτοὺς εἶναι ἐβούλετο. Διὸ καὶ ἔλεγεν, Ὅλως ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία. Οὐκ εἶπε, Τολμᾶται, ἀλλ', Ἀκούεται. Ἴστε γὰρ ὅλως τὸ πρᾶγμα, φησίν: ἠκούσατε γὰρ αὐτό ποτε. Καὶ γὰρ ἐβούλετο καὶ ἄνδρας αὐτοὺς εἶναι καὶ παῖδας, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν ἐν τῇ κακίᾳ, τὸ δὲ ἐν τῇ φρονήσει. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ γένοιτ' ἂν ἀνὴρ, ἐὰν καὶ παιδίον ᾖ: ἕως δὲ ἂν μὴ παιδίον ᾖ τῇ πονηρίᾳ, οὐδὲ ἀνὴρ ἔσται. Ὁ γὰρ κακοῦργος οὐκ ἔσται τέλειος, ἀλλ' ἀνόητος. Ἐν τῷ γὰρ νόμῳ γέγραπται, ὅτι ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις, καὶ ἐν χείλεσιν ἑτέροις λαλήσω τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ, καὶ οὐδ' οὕτως εἰσακούσονταί μου, λέγει Κύριος. Καίτοι γε οὐδαμοῦ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ γέγραπται, ἀλλ', ὅπερ ἔφθην εἰπὼν, πᾶσαν τὴν Παλαιὰν ἀεὶ νόμον καλεῖ καὶ τοὺς προφήτας καὶ τὰς ἱστορίας. Παράγει δὲ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἀπὸ Ἡσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου, πάλιν ὑποτεμνόμενος τοῦ χαρίσματος τὴν δόξαν, πρὸς τὸ ἐκείνων χρήσιμον: ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ οὕτω μετ' ἐγκωμίου τίθησιν αὐτό. Τὸ γὰρ, Οὐδὲ οὕτω, δεικνύντος ἦν, ὅτι ἱκανὸν ἦν αὐτοὺς ἐκπλῆξαι τὸ θαῦμα: εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἐπείσθησαν, ἐκείνων τὸ ἔγκλημα. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν αὐτὸ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς, εἰ μὴ ἔμελλον πείθεσθαι; Ἵνα τὰ αὐτοῦ πανταχοῦ φαίνηται ποιῶν. Δείξας τοίνυν καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς προφητείας, ὅτι οὐ σφόδρα χρήσιμον τὸ σημεῖον, ἐπήγαγεν: Ὥστε αἱ γλῶσσαι εἰς σημεῖόν εἰσιν, οὐ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἀπίστοις: ἡ δὲ προφητεία οὐ τοῖς ἀπίστοις, ἀλλὰ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν. Ἐὰν οὖν συνέλθῃ ἡ Ἐκκλησία ὅλη ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ, καὶ πάντες γλώσσαις λαλῶσιν, εἰσέλθωσι δὲ ἰδιῶται ἢ ἄπιστοι, οὐκ ἐροῦσιν, ὅτι Μαίνεσθε; Ἐὰν δὲ πάντες προφητεύωσιν, εἰσέλθῃ δέ τις ἄπιστος ἢ ἰδιώτης, ἐλέγχεται ὑπὸ πάντων, ἀνακρίνεται ὑπὸ πάντων: καὶ οὕτω τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ φανερὰ γίνεται, καὶ πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον προσκυνήσει τῷ Θεῷ ἀπαγγέλλων, ὅτι Θεὸς ὄντως ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστι. Πολλὴν ἐνταῦθα ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων τὴν ἐπαπόρησιν ἴδοι τις ἄν. Εἰ γὰρ τοῖς ἀπίστοις σημεῖόν εἰσιν αἱ γλῶσσαι, πῶς λέγει, Ἐὰν ἴδωσιν ὑμᾶς γλώσσαις λαλοῦντας οἱ ἄπιστοι, ἐροῦσιν, ὅτι Μαίνεσθε; καὶ εἰ προφητεία οὐ τοῖς ἀπίστοις, ἀλλὰ τοῖς πιστεύουσι, πῶς καὶ οἱ ἄπιστοι ἐξ αὐτῆς κερδανοῦσιν; Ἐὰν γὰρ εἰσέλθῃ, φησὶν, ἄπιστος προφητευόντων ὑμῶν, ἐλέγχεται ὑπὸ πάντων, καὶ ἀνακρίνεται. Οὐχ αὕτη δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ ταύτην δευτέρα ἑτέρα ζήτησις ἐντεῦθεν φύεται: φανεῖται γὰρ ἡ γλῶττα πάλιν τῆς προφητείας μείζων. Εἰ γὰρ αἱ γλῶσσαι εἰς σημεῖον τοῖς ἀπίστοις, ἡ δὲ προφητεία τοῖς πιστοῖς, τὸ τοὺς ἀλλοτρίους ἐφελκόμενον καὶ οἰκειοῦν, μεῖζον τοῦ ῥυθμίζοντος τοὺς οἰκείους. Τί οὖν ἐστι τὸ εἰρημένον; Οὐδὲν δύσκολον οὐδὲ ἀσαφὲς οὐδὲ ἐναντίον τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα συμβαῖνον, ἐὰν προσέχωμεν. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ προφητεία ἀμφοτέροις ἐπιτήδειος, ἡ δὲ γλῶττα οὐκέτι. Διόπερ εἰπὼν ἐπὶ τῆς γλώττης, Εἰς σημεῖόν ἐστι, προσέθηκεν, Οὐ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἀπίστοις, καὶ τούτοις εἰς σημεῖον, τουτέστιν, εἰς ἔκπληξιν, οὐκ εἰς κατήχησιν τοσοῦτον. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς προφητείας, φησὶ, τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἐποίησεν, εἰπὼν, Ἡ δὲ προφητεία οὐ τοῖς ἀπίστοις, ἀλλὰ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ χρείαν ἔχει ὁ πιστὸς σημεῖον ἰδεῖν, ἀλλὰ διδασκαλίας δεῖται μόνον καὶ κατηχήσεως. Πῶς οὖν σὺ λέγεις, φησὶν, ἀμφοτέροις χρήσιμον εἶναι τὴν προφητείαν, αὐτοῦ λέγοντος, Οὐ τοῖς ἀπίστοις, ἀλλὰ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν; Ἐὰν ἀκριβῶς ἐξετάσῃς, εἴσῃ τὸ λεγόμενον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι χρήσιμος ἡ προφητεία τοῖς ἀπίστοις, ἀλλ', Οὐκ ἔστιν εἰς σημεῖον, ὡς ἡ γλῶττα, ἀνωφελὲς δηλονότι. Οὐδὲ τοῖς ἀπίστοις τι χρήσιμον ἡ γλῶττα: ἓν γὰρ αὐτῆς ἐστι τὸ ἔργον, τὸ ἐκπλῆξαι μόνον καὶ θορυβῆσαι. Τὸ γὰρ σημεῖον τῶν μέσων ἐστίν: ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ, Ποίησον μετ' ἐμοῦ σημεῖον, καὶ προστίθησιν, εἰς ἀγαθόν: καὶ πάλιν, Ἐγενήθην ὡσεὶ τέρας τοῖς πολλοῖς, τουτέστιν, εἰς σημεῖον. βʹ. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι τὸ σημεῖον ἐνταῦθα οὐχ ὡς πάντη χρήσιμόν τι ποιοῦν παρήγαγεν, ἐπήγαγε τὸ ἐξ αὐτοῦ γινόμενον. Τί δὲ ἦν τοῦτο; Ἐροῦσι, φησὶν, ὅτι Μαίνεσθε. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐ παρὰ τὴν τοῦ σημείου φύσιν, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τὴν ἄνοιαν ἐκείνων. Ἀπίστους δὲ ὅταν ἀκούσῃς, μὴ τοὺς αὐτοὺς πανταχοῦ νόμιζε λέγεσθαι, ἀλλὰ ποτὲ μὲν τοὺς τὰ ἀνίατα νοσοῦντας καὶ ἀδιορθώτους μένοντας, ποτὲ δὲ τοὺς καὶ μεταβαλέσθαι δυναμένους, οἷοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων οἱ θαυμάζοντες τὰ λεγόμενα τοῦ Θεοῦ μεγαλεῖα: οἷοι ἐπὶ τοῦ Κορνηλίου. Ὃ τοίνυν λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστιν: ὅτι ἡ μὲν προφητεία καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀπίστοις καὶ ἐν τοῖς πιστοῖς ἰσχύει: τὴν δὲ γλῶτταν ἀκούοντες οἱ ἄπιστοι καὶ ἀνόητοι, οὐ μόνον οὐ κερδαίνουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ καταγελῶσιν, ὡς μαινομένων, τῶν φθεγγομένων. Καὶ γὰρ εἰς σημεῖόν ἐστιν αὐτοῖς μόνον: τουτέστιν, εἰς τὸ ἐκπλήττεσθαι ἁπλῶς: ὡς οἵ γε νοῦν ἔχοντες καὶ ἐκέρδαινον, δι' ὃ ἐδόθη τὸ σημεῖον. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον οἱ μέθην αὐτῶν κατηγοροῦντες ἦσαν τότε, ἀλλὰ πολλοὶ καὶ ἐθαύμαζον αὐτοὺς, ὡς τὰ μεγαλεῖα τοῦ Θεοῦ διηγουμένους: ὥστε οἱ γελῶντες, οἱ ἀνόητοι ἦσαν. Διὸ καὶ Παῦλος οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν, Ἐροῦσιν ὅτι Μαίνεσθε, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκεν, ἰδιῶται καὶ ἄπιστοι. Ἡ δὲ προφητεία οὐκ εἰς σημεῖον ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς πίστιν καὶ εἰς ὠφέλειαν ἀμφοτέροις ἐπιτηδεία καὶ χρήσιμος. Καὶ τοῦτο εἰ καὶ μὴ εὐθέως, ἀλλὰ διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς σαφέστερον ἡρμήνευσεν, εἰπών: Ἐλέγχεται ὑπὸ πάντων. Ἐὰν γὰρ πάντες προφητεύωσι, φησὶν, εἰσέλθῃ δέ τις ἄπιστος ἢ ἰδιώτης, ἐλέγχεται ὑπὸ πάντων, ἀνακρίνεται ὑπὸ πάντων, καὶ οὕτω τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ φανερὰ γίνεται, καὶ πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον προσκυνήσει τῷ Θεῷ, ἀπαγγέλλων ὅτι Θεὸς ὄντως ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστιν. Ὥστε οὐ τούτῳ μόνον μείζων ἡ προφητεία τῷ ἐν ἑκατέροις ἰσχύειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ τοὺς ἀναισχυντοτέρους τῶν ἀπίστων ἐφέλκεσθαι. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ αὐτὸ θαῦμα ἦν, ὅτε τὴν Σάπφειραν ἤλεγξεν, ὅπερ προφητείας ἦν, καὶ ὅτε γλώσσαις ἐλάλει Πέτρος: ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν πάντες συνεστάλησαν, ὅτε δὲ γλώσσαις ἐλάλει, καὶ παραπαίοντος ἔλαβε δόξαν. Εἰπὼν τοίνυν, ὅτι οὐκ ὠφέλησε γλῶττα, καὶ ὑποτεμόμενος πάλιν αὐτὸ τοῦτο τῷ τὸ ἔγκλημα εἰς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους περιτρέψαι, προϊὼν δείκνυσιν ὅτι καὶ βλάπτει. Καὶ τίνος, φησὶν, ἕνεκεν ἐδόθη; Ἵνα μετὰ ἑρμηνείας προΐῃ: ὡς τούτου χωρὶς, καὶ τοὐναντίον ἐκβαίνει παρὰ τοῖς ἀνοήτοις. Ἐὰν γὰρ, φησὶ, γλώσσαις πάντες λαλῶσιν, εἰσέλθωσι δὲ ἄπιστοι ἢ ἰδιῶται, ἐροῦσιν, ὅτι Μαίνεσθε: καθάπερ οὖν καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι μεθυόντων ἐλάμβανον ὑπόνοιαν: Οὗτοι γὰρ, φησὶ, γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν. Ἀλλ' οὐ τοῦ σημείου κατηγορία, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐκείνων ἰδιωτείας. Διὰ τοῦτο προσέθηκεν, Ἰδιῶται καὶ ἄπιστοι, ὥστε τῆς ἐκείνων ἀπειρίας ἡ ὑπόληψις καὶ ἀπιστίας. Ὅπερ γὰρ ἔφθην εἰπὼν, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς διαβεβλημένοις, ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς οὐ σφόδρα ὠφελοῦσι σπουδάζει κατατάξαι τὸ χάρισμα, καὶ τοῦτο, ὥστε καταστεῖλαι αὐτοὺς καὶ εἰς ἀνάγκην ἀγαγεῖν τοῦ τὸν ἑρμηνεύοντα ἐπιζητεῖν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐ πρὸς τοῦτο ἑώρων, ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἐπίδειξιν αὐτῷ καὶ φιλοτιμίαν ἐκέχρηντο οἱ πολλοὶ, ἀπὸ τούτου μάλιστα ἀπάγει, δεικνὺς ὅτι εἰς δόξαν παραβλάπτονται, μανίας ὑπόληψιν κτώμενοι. Καὶ τοῦτο μάλιστά ἐστιν, ὃ συνεχῶς ἐπιχειρεῖ κατασκευάζειν ὁ Παῦλος, ὅταν τινὸς ἀπάγειν βούληται, εἰς αὐτὰ ἃ ἐπιθυμεῖ δείκνυσιν αὐτὸν παραβλαπτόμενον. Καὶ σὺ τοίνυν οὕτω ποιεῖ: ἂν ἡδονῆς ἀπαγάγῃς, δεῖξον ὅτι τὸ πρᾶγμα πικρόν: ἂν κενοδοξίας ἀφέλκῃς, δεῖξον ὅτι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἀτιμίας γέμον. Οὕτω καὶ Παῦλος ἐποίει. Καὶ γὰρ πλουσίους ἀποσπῶν τοῦ περὶ τὰ χρήματα ἔρωτος, οὐκ εἶπεν ὅτι βλαβερὸν ὁ πλοῦτος μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ εἰς πειρασμοὺς ἐμβάλλει. Οἱ γὰρ βουλόμενοι πλουτεῖν, φησὶν, ἐμπίπτουσιν εἰς πειρασμόν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ δοκεῖ πειρασμῶν ἀπαλλάττειν, τοὐναντίον αὐτῷ περιέθηκεν οὗπερ ἐνόμιζον οἱ πλουτοῦντες. Εἴχοντο πάλιν τῆς σοφίας τῆς ἔξωθεν ἕτεροι, ὡς ταύτῃ τὸ δόγμα ἱστῶντες: ἔδειξεν ὅτι οὐ μόνον οὐ βοηθεῖ τῷ σταυρῷ, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ κενοῖ αὐτόν. Εἴχοντο τοῦ δικάζεσθαι παρ' ἑτέροις, ἀνάξιον ἡγούμενοι παρὰ τοῖς οἰκείοις, ὡς τῶν ἔξωθεν σοφωτέρων ὄντων: δείκνυσιν ὅτι τὸ ἔξω δικάζεσθαι, αἰσχρόν. Εἴχοντο τῶν εἰδωλοθύτων, ὡς τελείαν γνῶσιν ἐπιδεικνύμενοι: ἔδειξεν ὅτι τοῦτο γνώσεως ἀτελοῦς, τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι οἰκονομεῖν τὰ τῶν πλησίον. Οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα, ἐπειδὴ ἐπτόηντο περὶ τὸ χάρισμα τοῦτο τὸ τῶν γλωσσῶν, δόξης ἐρῶντες, δείκνυσιν ὅτι τοῦτο μὲν οὖν μάλιστα αὐτοὺς καταισχύνει, οὐ μόνον δόξης ἀποστεροῦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μανίας ὑπολήψει περιβάλλον. Ἀλλ' οὐκ εὐθέως τοῦτο εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ μυρία πρότερος εἰπὼν, ὅτε εὐπαράδεκτον τὸν λόγον ἐποίησε, τότε τὸ σφόδρα παράδοξον ἐπάγει. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ αὐτὸ τὸ θεώρημα σύνηθες. Τὸν γὰρ μέλλοντα διασαλεύειν δόξαν πεπηγυῖαν καὶ εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον περιτρέπειν, οὐκ εὐθέως τὰ ἐναντία λέγειν δεῖ: ἐπεὶ καταγέλαστος ἔσται παρὰ τοῖς προκατειλημμένοις ὑπὸ τῆς ἐναντίας ψήφου: ἐπειδὴ τὸ σφόδρα παράδοξον οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο ἐκ προοιμίων εὐπαράδεκτον, ἀλλὰ χρὴ πρότερον ὑπορύξαντα καλῶς δι' ἑτέρων, τότε εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον περιτρέπειν. γʹ. Οὕτω γοῦν καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ γάμου διαλεγόμενος ἐποίησεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλοὶ προσεῖχον ὡς ἄνεσιν ἔχοντι τῷ πράγματι, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐβούλετο δεῖξαι, ὅτι τὸ μὴ γαμεῖν ἄνεσις, εἰ μὲν εὐθέως τοῦτο εἶπεν, οὐκ ἂν οὕτως εὐπαράδεκτον αὐτὸ πεποίηκε: νυνὶ δὲ μετὰ πολλὰ αὐτὸ θεὶς, καὶ εὐκαίρως εἰσάγων, σφόδρα καθίκετο τῶν ἀκουόντων. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς παρθενίας πεποίηκε. Καὶ γὰρ πρὸ τοῦ πολλὰ εἰπὼν, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα πάλιν, τότε φησὶν, ὅτι Ὑμῶν φείδομαι, καὶ, Θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀμερίμνους εἶναι. Τοῦτο δὴ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν γλωττῶν ποιεῖ, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐ μόνον ἀποστερεῖ δόξης, ἀλλὰ καὶ καταισχύνει τοὺς ἔχοντας παρὰ τοῖς ἀπίστοις. Ἡ δὲ προφητεία τοὐναντίον καὶ αἰσχύνης ἀπήλλακται τῆς παρὰ τοῖς ἀπίστοις, καὶ δόξαν ἔχει μεγίστην καὶ ὠφέλειαν. Οὐ γὰρ ἐρεῖ τις ἐπὶ τῆς προφητείας, ὅτι Μαίνονται, οὐδὲ καταγελάσεται τῶν προφητευόντων, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ἐκπλαγήσεται καὶ θαυμάσεται τούτους. Ἐλέγχεται γὰρ ὑπὸ πάντων: τουτέστιν, ἃ ἐπὶ καρδίας ἔχει, ταῦτα εἰς μέσον ἄγεται, καὶ δείκνυται πᾶσιν. Οὐκ ἔστι δὲ ἴσον εἰσελθόντα τινὰ ἰδεῖν μὲν Περσιστὶ, τὸν δὲ Συριστὶ φθεγγόμενον, καὶ εἰσελθόντα ἀκοῦσαι τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα τῆς αὐτοῦ διανοίας, καὶ εἴτε πειράζων καὶ μετὰ πονηρᾶς γνώμης, εἴτε ὑγιῶς εἰσελήλυθε: καὶ ὅτι τὸ καὶ τὸ αὐτῷ πέπρακται, καὶ τὸ βεβούλευται: πολὺ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐκείνου φρικωδέστερον καὶ χρησιμώτερον. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο, ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν γλωσσῶν φησιν, ὅτι Μαίνεσθε: ἀλλ' οὐκ οἴκοθεν τοῦτο ἀποφαίνεται, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκείνων κρίσεως: Ἐροῦσι γὰρ, φησὶν, ὅτι Μαίνεσθε. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τῇ τῶν πραγμάτων κέχρηται ψήφῳ, καὶ τῇ τῶν ὠφελουμένων. Ἐλέγχεται γὰρ, φησὶν, ὑπὸ πάντων, ἀνακρίνεται ὑπὸ πάντων, καὶ οὕτω τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ φανερὰ γίνεται, καὶ οὕτω πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον προσκυνήσει τῷ Θεῷ, ἀπαγγέλλων ὅτι Θεὸς ὄντως ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστιν. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τοῦτο ἀναμφισβήτητον; Ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ ἀμφιβάλλεται τὸ γινόμενον, καὶ μανίαν ἄν τις αἰτιάσαιτο τῶν ἀπίστων: ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἔσται, ἀλλὰ καὶ θαυμάσεται καὶ προσκυνήσει, διὰ τῶν ἔργων πρότερον ὁμολογῶν, εἶτα καὶ διὰ τῶν ῥημάτων. Οὕτω καὶ Ναβουχοδονόσορ τὸν Θεὸν προσεκύνησε λέγων, Ἐπ' ἀληθείας ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν αὐτός ἐστι Θεὸς ἀποκαλύπτων μυστήρια, ὅτι ἠδυνήθης ἀποκαλύψαι τὸ μυστήριον τοῦτο. Εἶδες τῆς προφητείας τὴν ἰσχὺν, πῶς τὸν ἄγριον ἐκεῖνον μετέβαλε καὶ κατήχησε καὶ εἰς πίστιν ἤγαγε; Τί οὖν ἐστιν, ἀδελφοί; Ὅταν συνέρχησθε, ἕκαστος ὑμῶν ψαλμὸν ἔχει, διδαχὴν ἔχει, γλῶσσαν ἔχει, ἀποκάλυψιν ἔχει, ἑρμηνείαν ἔχει: πάντα πρὸς οἰκοδομὴν γινέσθω. Ὁρᾷς τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ τὴν κρηπῖδα καὶ τὸν κανόνα; Ὥσπερ γὰρ τεχνίτου ἔργον τὸ οἰκοδομεῖν, οὕτω καὶ τοῦ Χριστιανοῦ τὸ τοὺς πλησίον διὰ πάντων ὠφελεῖν. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ σφόδρα κατέδραμε τοῦ χαρίσματος, ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ περιττὸν εἶναι: τὸν γὰρ τῦφον αὐτῶν κατασπάσαι βουλόμενος, μόνον τοῦτο πεποίηκε: πάλιν ἀριθμεῖ αὐτὸ μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων, λέγων: Ψαλμὸν ἔχει, διδαχὴν ἔχει, γλῶσσαν ἔχει. Καὶ γὰρ ψαλμοὺς τὸ παλαιὸν ἐποίουν ἀπὸ χαρίσματος, καὶ ἐδίδασκον ἀπὸ χαρίσματος: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἅπαντα ταῦτα πρὸς ἓν βλεπέτω, φησὶ, τὴν τοῦ πλησίον διόρθωσιν: μηδὲν ἁπλῶς γινέσθω. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ παραγίνῃ τὸν ἀδελφὸν οἰκοδομήσων, τί καὶ παραγίνῃ; Οὐ δὴ πολύς μοι λόγος τῆς τῶν χαρισμάτων διαφορᾶς: ἑνὸς ἐμοὶ μέλει μόνον, καὶ τὸ σπουδαζόμενόν μοι ἓν, τὸ πρὸς οἰκοδομὴν ἅπαντα ποιεῖν. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ τὸ μικρὸν ἔχων χάρισμα, τὸν τὸ μέγα ἔχοντα παραδραμεῖται, ἐὰν τοῦτο προσῇ. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ χαρίσματα, ἵνα οἰκοδομῆται ἕκαστος: ὡς ἐὰν μὴ τοῦτο γίνηται, καὶ εἰς κρῖμα ἔσται τὸ χάρισμα τῷ λαβόντι. Τί γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, ὄφελος τοῦ προφητεύειν; τί δὲ ὄφελος τοῦ νεκροὺς ἐγείρειν, ὅταν μηδεὶς ὁ κερδαίνων ᾖ; Εἰ δὲ τοῦτο τῶν χαρισμάτων τὸ τέλος, ἔξεστι δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ ἑτέρῳ κατασκευάζειν τρόπῳ χαρισμάτων χωρὶς, μὴ μέγα ἐπὶ τοῖς σημείοις φρόνει, μηδὲ ταλάνιζε σαυτὸν, ὁ τῶν χαρισμάτων ἐστερημένος. Εἴτε δὲ γλώσσῃ τις λαλεῖ, κατὰ δύο, ἢ τὸ πλεῖστον τρεῖς, καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος, καὶ εἷς διερμηνευέτω. Ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ᾖ διερμηνευτὴς, σιγάτω ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ, ἑαυτῷ δὲ λαλείτω καὶ τῷ Θεῷ. Τί λέγεις; εἰπέ μοι: τοσαῦτα εἰπὼν περὶ γλωσσῶν, ὅτι ἀνόνητον, ὅτι περιττὸν, ἐὰν μὴ ἑρμηνέα ἔχῃ, κελεύεις πάλιν γλώσσαις λαλεῖν; Οὐ κελεύω, φησὶν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ κωλύω: ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ, Εἴ τις ὑμᾶς καλεῖ τῶν ἀπίστων, καὶ θέλετε πορεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ νομοθετῶν τὸ πορεύεσθαι λέγει, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπέχων: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα, Ἑαυτῷ δὲ λαλείτω καὶ τῷ Θεῷ. Εἰ μὴ καρτερεῖ σιγᾷν, φησὶν, ἀλλ' οὕτως ἐστὶ φιλότιμος καὶ κενόδοξος, καθ' ἑαυτὸν φθεγγέσθω. Ὥστε αὐτῷ τούτῳ μάλιστα τῷ οὕτως ἐπιτρέψαι ἐκώλυσεν ἐντρέψας. δʹ. Ὃ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ ποιεῖ περὶ τῆς πρὸς γυναῖκα ὁμιλίας διαλεγόμενος, καὶ λέγων: Τοῦτο δὲ λέγω διὰ τὴν ἀκρασίαν ὑμῶν. Ἀλλ' οὐχ ὅτε περὶ προφητείας ἔλεγεν, οὕτως εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ πῶς; Ἐπιτακτικῶς καὶ νομοθετικῶς: Προφῆται δὲ δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν. Καὶ οὐδαμοῦ τὸν ἑρμηνέα ἐνταῦθα ζητεῖ, οὐδὲ ἐπιστομίζει τὸν προφητεύοντα, καθάπερ ἐκεῖ λέγων, Ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ διερμηνευτὴς, σιγάτω. Οὐδὲ γὰρ αὐτάρκης ὁ τῇ γλώττῃ λαλῶν. Διόπερ εἰ μέν τις ἀμφότερα ἔχει τὰ χαρίσματα, λαλείτω: εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἔχει, θέλει δὲ φθέγγεσθαι, μετὰ τοῦ ἑρμηνεύοντος τοῦτο ποιείτω. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ προφήτης ἑρμηνευτής ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, σὺ δὲ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ᾖ διερμηνευτὴς, σιγάτω. Οὐδὲν γὰρ δεῖ περιττῶς γίνεσθαι, οὐδὲ πρὸς φιλοτιμίαν. Ἑαυτῷ δὲ λαλείτω καὶ τῷ Θεῷ: τουτέστι, κατὰ διάνοιαν, ἢ ἠρέμα καὶ ἀψοφητὶ, εἴ γε βούλεται. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ νομοθετοῦντος τοῦτό ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ τάχα καὶ ἐντρέποντος μᾶλλον διὰ τῆς συγχωρήσεως, ὥσπερ ὅταν λέγῃ, Εἰ δέ τις πεινᾷ, ἐν οἴκῳ ἐσθιέτω: καὶ δοκῶν συγχωρεῖν, δριμύτερον αὐτῷ τούτῳ καθάπτεται. Οὐ γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο συνέρχεσθε, φησὶν, ἵνα δείξητε ὅτι χάρισμα ἔχετε, ἀλλ' ἵνα οἰκοδομῆτε τοὺς ἀκούοντας: ὅπερ καὶ ἀρχόμενος εἶπε, Πάντα πρὸς οἰκοδομὴν γινέσθω. Προφῆται δὲ δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν, καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι διακρινέτωσαν. Οὐδαμοῦ τὸ πλεῖστον προσέθηκε καθάπερ ἐπὶ τῶν γλωττῶν. Καὶ τί τοῦτό φησιν; οὐδὲ γὰρ τὴν προφητείαν αὐτάρκη δείκνυσιν, εἴ γε ἄλλοις ἐπιτρέπει τὴν κρίσιν. Σφόδρα μὲν οὖν αὐτάρκης: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπεστόμισεν αὐτὸν καθάπερ ἐκεῖνον, οὐκ ὄντος ἑρμηνεύοντος: οὐδὲ ὥσπερ ἐπ' ἐκείνου εἶπεν, Ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ ὁ διερμηνευτὴς, σιγάτω, οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τούτου, Ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ ὁ διακρίνων, μὴ προφητευέτω, ἀλλ' ἠσφαλίσατο μόνον τὸν ἀκροατήν. Πρὸς γὰρ τὴν τῶν ἀκουόντων πληροφορίαν τοῦτο εἴρηκεν, ὥστε μὴ παρεμπεσεῖν μεταξὺ μάντιν. Τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ ἀρχόμενος φυλάττεσθαι ἐκέλευεν, ὅτε μαντείας καὶ προφητείας διαίρεσιν εἰσήγαγε, καὶ νῦν αὐτὸ διακρίνειν κελεύει καὶ σκοπεῖν, ὥστε μή τι παρεισδῦναι διαβολικόν. Ἐὰν δὲ ἄλλῳ ἀποκαλυφθῇ καθημένῳ, ὁ πρῶτος σιγάτω. Δύνασθε γὰρ καθ' ἕνα πάντες προφητεύειν, ἵνα πάντες μανθάνωσι, καὶ πάντες παρακαλῶνται. Τί ποτέ ἐστι τοῦτο τὸ εἰρημένον; Εἰ προφητεύοντός σου, φησὶ, καὶ φθεγγομένου, τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἑτέρου διεγείρειεν αὐτὸν, σίγα λοιπόν. Ὅπερ γὰρ εἶπεν ἐπὶ τῶν γλωττῶν, τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀπαιτεῖ τὸ ἀνὰ μέρος, ἀλλὰ θειότερα ἐνταῦθα: οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἀνὰ μέρος, ἀλλ', Ἐὰν ἄλλῳ ἀποκαλυφθῇ. Τί γὰρ ἐχρῆν λοιπὸν, τούτου κινουμένου πρὸς προφητείαν, ἐκεῖνον λέγειν; Ἀλλ' ἀμφοτέρους ἐχρῆν; Ἀλλ' ἄτοπον, καὶ σύγχυσιν ἔχον. Ἀλλὰ τὸν πρότερον; Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο ἄτοπον. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο, λέγοντος ἐκείνου, τοῦτον ἐκίνει τὸ Πνεῦμα, ἵνα τι καὶ οὗτος εἴπῃ. Εἶτα παραμυθούμενος τὸν ἐπιστομισθέντα, φησί: Δύνασθε γὰρ καθ' ἕνα πάντες προφητεύειν, ἵνα πάντες μανθάνωσι, καὶ πάντες παρακαλῶνται. Ὁρᾷς πῶς πάλιν τὴν αἰτίαν τίθησι, δι' ἣν πάντα ποιεῖ; Εἰ γὰρ τὸν γλώσσαις λαλοῦντα καθόλου κωλύει λέγειν, ὅταν ἑρμηνέα μὴ ἔχῃ, διὰ τὸ ἀνωφελὲς, εἰκότως καὶ προφητείαν, ἂν μὴ τοῦτο ἔχῃ, ἀλλὰ σύγχυσιν ποιῇ καὶ ταραχὴν καὶ θόρυβον ἄκαιρον, κατέχειν κελεύει. Καὶ πνεύματα προφητῶν προφήταις ὑποτάσσεται. Εἶδες πῶς ἐνέτρεψεν αὐτὸν εὐτόνως καὶ φοβερῶς; Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ φιλονεικῇ, μηδὲ στασιάζῃ ὁ ἄνθρωπος, αὐτὸ τὸ χάρισμα δείκνυσιν ὑποτασσόμενον: πνεῦμα γὰρ ἐνταῦθα τὴν ἐνέργειαν λέγει. Εἰ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα ὑποτάσσεται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον σὺ ὁ κεκτημένος οὐκ ἂν εἴης δίκαιος φιλονεικεῖν. Εἶτα δείκνυσιν ὅτι καὶ τῷ Θεῷ τοῦτο δοκεῖ, ἐπάγων καὶ λέγων: Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἀκαταστασίας ὁ Θεὸς, ἀλλὰ εἰρήνης, ὡς ἐν πάσαις ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις τῶν ἁγίων διδάσκω. Εἶδες δι' ὅσων ἤγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς σιγὴν, καὶ παρεμυθήσατο θατέρῳ παραχωροῦντα; δι' ἑνὸς μὲν καὶ πρώτου, τοῦ μὴ ἐκλύεσθαι τούτου γινομένου: Δύνασθε γὰρ, φησὶ, καθ' ἕνα πάντες προφητεύειν: δι' ἑτέρου δὲ τοῦ καὶ τῷ Πνεύματι τοῦτο δοκεῖν: Πνεύματα γὰρ προφητῶν προφήταις ὑποτάσσεται: πρὸς τούτοις τῷ κατὰ γνώμην τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦτο εἶναι: Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἀκαταστασίας, φησὶν, ὁ Θεὸς, ἀλλὰ εἰρήνης: καὶ τετάρτῳ, τῷ πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης τοῦτον κρατεῖν τὸν νόμον, καὶ μηδὲν ξένον αὐτοῖς ἐπιτάττεσθαι. Οὕτω γὰρ ἐν πάσαις, φησὶ, ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις τῶν ἁγίων διδάσκω. Τί τοίνυν φρικωδέστερον τούτων γένοιτ' ἂν τῶν πραγμάτων; Καὶ γὰρ οὐρανὸς ἡ Ἐκκλησία τότε, τοῦ Πνεύματος πάντα δημαγωγοῦντος καὶ τῶν προεστώτων ἕκαστον κινοῦντος, καὶ ἔνθουν ποιοῦντος. Ἀλλὰ νῦν τὰ σύμβολα κατέχομεν τῶν χαρισμάτων ἐκείνων μόνον. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ νῦν δύο ἢ τρεῖς λέγομεν, καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος, καὶ ἑτέρου σιγῶντος ἕτερος ἄρχεται: ἀλλὰ σημεῖα ταῦτα μόνον ἐστὶν ἐκείνων καὶ ὑπομνήματα. Διὸ ἐπειδὰν ἀρξώμεθα λέγειν, ὁ λαὸς ἀντιφθέγγεται, Τῷ Πνεύματί σου, δεικνὺς ὅτι τὸ παλαιὸν οὕτως ἔλεγον, οὐκ οἰκείᾳ σοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ τῷ Πνεύματι κινούμενοι. Ἀλλ' οὐχὶ νῦν: τὸ ἐμαυτοῦ λέγω τέως. εʹ. Ἀλλ' ἔοικεν ἡ Ἐκκλησία νῦν γυναικὶ τῆς παλαιᾶς εὐημερίας ἐκπεσούσῃ, καὶ τὰ σύμβολα κατεχούσῃ πολλαχοῦ μόνον τῆς ἀρχαίας εὐπραγίας ἐκείνης, καὶ τὰς μὲν θήκας τῶν χρυσίων ἐπιδεικνυμένῃ καὶ τὰ κιβώτια, τὸν δὲ πλοῦτον ἀφῃρημένῃ: ταύτῃ προσέοικεν ἡ Ἐκκλησία νῦν. Καὶ οὐ χαρισμάτων ἕνεκεν τοῦτο λέγω: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἦν δεινὸν, εἰ τοῦτο ἦν μόνον: ἀλλὰ καὶ βίου καὶ ἀρετῆς. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ τῶν χηρῶν ἀριθμὸς, καὶ ὁ τῶν παρθένων χορὸς τότε μὲν εἶχε κόσμον ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις πολύν: νῦν δὲ ἠρήμωται καὶ κεκένωται, καὶ τὰ σύμβολα μένει μόνον. Εἰσὶ μὲν γὰρ χῆραι καὶ νῦν, εἰσὶ καὶ παρθένοι, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔχουσιν αὗται τὸν κόσμον ἐκεῖνον, ὃν τὰς ἀποδυσαμένας πρὸς τὰ τοιαῦτα παλαίσματα ἔχειν χρή. Καὶ γὰρ τῆς παρθένου τὸ ἐξαίρετον γνώρισμα, τὸ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ μεριμνᾷν μόνα, καὶ τὸ εὐπρόσεδρον ἀπερισπάστως: καὶ τῆς χήρας οὐχ οὕτω τὸ μὴ δευτέροις ὁμιλῆσαι γάμοις δεῖγμα γένοιτ' ἂν, ὡς τἄλλα, τὰ τῆς φιλοξενίας, τὰ τῆς φιλοπτωχίας, τὰ τῆς φιλοκαρτερίας τῆς ἐν εὐχαῖς, πάντα τὰ ἄλλα, ἃ μετὰ πολλῆς ἀπαιτεῖ τῆς ἀκριβείας ὁ Παῦλος Τιμοθέῳ γράφων. Ἴδοι τις ἂν καὶ τὰς ἐν γάμῳ πολλὴν ἐπιδεικνυμένας παρ' ἡμῖν τὴν κοσμιότητα. Ἀλλ' οὐ τοῦτο μόνον ἐστὶ τὸ ζητούμενον, ἀλλ' ἡ περὶ τοὺς δεομένους μετὰ σπουδῆς θεραπεία, δι' ἧς αἱ ἀρχαῖαι μάλιστα ἀπέλαμπον γυναῖκες, οὐχ ὡς αἱ πολλαὶ τῶν νῦν. Τότε μὲν γὰρ ἀντὶ χρυσοῦ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης περιέκειντο καλλωπισμόν: νυνὶ δὲ ἀφεῖσαι τοῦτο, σχοινία χρυσᾶ ἀπὸ τῆς σειρᾶς τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν πεπλεγμένα πανταχόθεν περίκεινται. Εἴπω καὶ ἄλλην θήκην κεκενωμένην τοῦ πατρῴου κόσμου; Συνῄεσαν τὸ παλαιὸν ἅπαντες, καὶ ὑπέψαλλον κοινῇ. Τοῦτο ποιοῦμεν καὶ νῦν: ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν ἐν ἅπασι μία ψυχὴ ἦν καὶ καρδία μία: νυνὶ δὲ οὐδὲ ἐν μιᾷ ψυχῇ τὴν ὁμόνοιαν ἐκείνην ἴδοι τις ἂν, ἀλλὰ πολὺς ὁ πόλεμος πανταχοῦ. Εἰρήνην καὶ νῦν πᾶσιν ὁ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας προεστὼς ἐπεύχεται, ὡς εἰς πατρῴαν οἰκίαν εἰσιών: ἀλλὰ τῆς εἰρήνης ταύτης τὸ μὲν ὄνομα πολὺ, τὸ δὲ πρᾶγμα οὐδαμοῦ. Τότε καὶ αἱ οἰκίαι ἐκκλησίαι ἦσαν: νυνὶ δὲ καὶ ἡ ἐκκλησία οἰκία, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ οἰκίας πάσης χείρων. Ἐν οἰκίᾳ μὲν γὰρ πολλὴν καὶ εὐταξίαν ἴδοι τις ἄν: καὶ γὰρ ἡ κυρία τῆς οἰκίας ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου κάθηται μετὰ εὐσχημοσύνης ἁπάσης, καὶ αἱ θεραπαινίδες μετὰ τῆς ἡσυχίας ὑφαίνουσι, καὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν ἕκαστος τὸ ἐπιταχθὲν μετὰ χεῖρας ἔχει. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ πολὺς ὁ θόρυβος, πολλὴ ἡ σύγχυσις, καὶ καπηλείου οὐδὲν διενήνοχε τὰ παρ' ἡμῖν: τοσοῦτος ὁ γέλως, τοσαύτη ἡ ταραχὴ, καθάπερ ἐν βαλανείοις, καθάπερ ἐν ἀγοραῖς κραζόντων, θορυβούντων ἁπάντων. Καὶ ταῦτα ἐνταῦθα μόνον: ὡς ἀλλαχοῦ οὐδὲ προσειπεῖν τὸν πλησίον ἔξεστιν ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ, κἂν χρόνιόν τις ἀπολάβῃ τὸν φίλον, ἀλλ' ἔξω ταῦτα γίνεται, καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Οὐ γὰρ κουρεῖον, οὐδὲ μυροπωλεῖον ἡ ἐκκλησία, οὐδὲ ἐργαστήριον ἕτερον τῶν ἐπ' ἀγορᾶς, ἀλλὰ τόπος ἀγγέλων, τόπος ἀρχαγγέλων, βασιλεία Θεοῦ, αὐτὸς ὁ οὐρανός. Ὥσπερ οὖν εἴ τις τὸν οὐρανὸν διαστείλας ἐκεῖ σε εἰσήγαγε, κἂν τὸν πατέρα, κἂν τὸν ἀδελφὸν εἶδες, οὐκ ἂν ἐτόλμησας φθέγξασθαι: οὕτως οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα ἕτερόν τι, πλὴν τῶν πνευματικῶν φθέγγεσθαι ἔδει: καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὰ ἐνταῦθα οὐρανός. Εἰ δὲ ἀπιστεῖς, ἴδε πρὸς ταυτηνὶ τὴν τράπεζαν, ἀναμνήσθητι τίνος ἕνεκεν ἕστηκε, καὶ διὰ τί: ἐννόησον τίς ὁ προβαίνων ἐνταῦθα, φρίξον καὶ πρὸ τοῦ καιροῦ. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ θρόνον τις ἰδὼν μόνον βασιλέως, ἀνίσταται τῇ ψυχῇ, προσδοκῶν τὴν ἔξοδον τοῦ βασιλέως. Καὶ σὺ τοίνυν καὶ πρὸ τοῦ καιροῦ τοῦ φρικώδους φρίξον ἐκείνου, διανάστηθι, καὶ πρὶν ἰδεῖν τὰ παραπετάσματα ἀναστελλόμενα καὶ τὸν χορὸν τῶν ἀγγέλων προβαίνοντα, πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀνάβαινε τὸν οὐρανόν. Ἀλλ' ἀγνοεῖ ταῦτα ὁ ἀμύητος: οὐκοῦν ἀναγκαῖον καὶ πρὸς ἐκεῖνον εἰπεῖν ἕτερα. Οὐδὲ γὰρ πρὸς τοῦτον ἀπορήσομεν τῶν δυναμένων αὐτὸν διαναστῆσαι καὶ πεῖσαι πέτεσθαι. Σὺ τοίνυν ὁ ταῦτα ἀγνοῶν, ὅταν ἀκούσῃς τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος, Τάδε λέγει Κύριος: Ἀπόστηθι τῆς γῆς, ἀνάβηθι καὶ αὐτὸς εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν, ἐννόησον τίς ἐστιν ὁ δι' ἐκείνου σοι διαλεγόμενος. Νῦν δὲ, μίμου μὲν γελωτοποιοῦντος, καὶ πορνευομένης γυναικὸς καὶ ἀσχημονούσης, θέατρον τοσοῦτον κάθηται, πολλὴν παρέχον τὴν ἡσυχίαν τοῖς λεγομένοις, καὶ ταῦτα οὐδενὸς κελεύοντος σιγᾷν, καὶ οὔτε θόρυβος οὔτε κραυγὴ, οὐχ ὁ τυχὼν θροῦς: Θεοῦ δὲ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν φθεγγομένου περὶ φρικτῶν οὕτω πραγμάτων, κυνῶν ἀναισχυντότερον διακείμεθα, οὐδὲ ὅσην ταῖς πόρναις γυναιξὶ, τοσαύτην τῷ Θεῷ παρέχοντες τὴν αἰδώ. Ϛʹ. Ἐφρίξατε ταῦτα ἀκούσαντες; Οὐκοῦν πολλῷ μᾶλλον ταῦτα ποιοῦντες φρίξατε. Ὃ περὶ τῶν ὑπερορώντων τοὺς πένητας εἶπεν ὁ Παῦλος, καὶ μόνων ἑστιωμένων: Μὴ γὰρ οἰκίας οὐκ ἔχετε εἰς τὸ ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν; ἢ τῆς ἐκκλησίας τοῦ Θεοῦ καταφρονεῖτε, καὶ καταισχύνετε τοὺς μὴ ἔχοντας; δότε κἀμοὶ περὶ τῶν θορυβούντων ἐνταῦθα καὶ διαλεγομένων εἰπεῖν: μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἔχετε οἰκίας εἰς τὸ φλυαρεῖν; ἢ τῆς ἐκκλησίας τοῦ Θεοῦ καταφρονεῖτε, καὶ διαφθείρετε καὶ τοὺς σωφρονεῖν καὶ ἡσυχάζειν βουλομένους; Ἀλλὰ ἡδὺ καὶ φίλον ἡμῖν τοῖς γνωρίμοις διαλέγεσθαι; Οὐ κωλύω τοῦτο, ἀλλ' ἐν οἰκίᾳ, ἀλλ' ἐν ἀγορᾷ, ἀλλ' ἐν βαλανείοις γινέσθω: ἡ γὰρ ἐκκλησία οὐ διαλέξεως, ἀλλὰ διδασκαλίας χωρίον ἐστί. Νυνὶ δὲ τῆς ἀγορᾶς οὐδὲν διενήνοχεν: εἰ δὲ μὴ τολμηρὸν εἰπεῖν, τάχα οὐδὲ τῆς σκηνῆς: οὕτω τῶν ἐκεῖ πορνευομένων γυναικῶν ἀσελγέστερον αἱ ἐνταῦθα συλλεγόμεναι καλλωπίζονται. Διὸ δὴ πολλοὺς καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἐφέλκονται τῶν ἀκολάστων: καὶ ἄν τε πειρᾶταί τις ἢ βούληται γυναῖκα διαφθείρειν, οὐδεὶς, οἶμαι, τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐπιτηδειότερος αὐτῷ τόπος εἶναι δοκεῖ. Ἄν τε ὠνήσασθαί τι καὶ πρίασθαι δέῃ, μᾶλλον τῆς ἀγορᾶς χρήσιμος ἡ ἐκκλησία φαίνεται. Ἐνταῦθα γὰρ καὶ περὶ τούτων πλείους γίνονται λόγοι, ἢ ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἐργαστηρίοις. Ἄν τε κακῶς εἰπεῖν καὶ ἀκοῦσαι βούλωνταί τινες, καὶ τοῦτο ὄψει ἐνταῦθα μᾶλλον, ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἔξω συμβαῖνον: κἂν τῶν πολιτικῶν τι βουληθῇς ἀκοῦσαι πραγμάτων, κἂν τῶν ἐν οἰκίαις, κἂν τῶν ἐν στρατοπέδῳ, μὴ βαδίσῃς εἰς δικαστήριον, μηδὲ καθίσῃς ἐν ἰατρείῳ: εἰσὶ γὰρ ἐνταῦθα, εἰσὶν οἱ πάντων ἀκριβέστερον ταῦτα ἅπαντα καταγγέλλοντες καὶ πάντα μᾶλλόν ἐστι τὰ ἐνταῦθα, ἢ ἐκκλησία. Τάχα σφόδρα καθηψάμην ὑμῶν: οὐκ ἔγωγε οἶμαι. Ὅταν γὰρ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐπιμένητε, πόθεν εἴσομαι, ὅτι καθίκετο ὑμῶν τὰ εἰρημένα; Οὐκοῦν τῶν αὐτῶν ἀναγκαῖον ἅψασθαι πάλιν. Ταῦτα οὖν ἀνεκτά; ταῦτα φορητά; Κοπτόμεθα καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν καὶ διασπώμεθα, ἵνα τι χρήσιμον μαθόντες ἀπέλθητε: καὶ οὐδεὶς ὑμῶν τι κερδάνας ἄπεισιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ βλαβεὶς μειζόνως. Καὶ γὰρ εἰς κρῖμα συνέρχεσθε, πρόφασιν οὐκέτι περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἔχοντες, καὶ τοὺς ἐπιεικεστέρους ἐκκρούετε, ταῖς ὑμετέραις φλυαρίαις ἐνοχλοῦντες πάντοθεν. Ἀλλὰ τίς ὁ τῶν πολλῶν λόγος; Οὐκ ἀκούω τῶν ἀναγινωσκομένων, φησὶν, οὐδὲ οἶδα τίνα ἐστὶ τὰ λεγόμενα. Ἐπειδὴ θορυβεῖς, ἐπειδὴ ταράσσεις, ἐπειδὴ μετὰ ψυχῆς εὐλάβειαν ἐχούσης οὐ παραγίνῃ. Τί φής; οὐκ οἶδας τίνα ἐστὶ τὰ λεγόμενα; Δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο προσέχειν ἐχρῆν. Εἰ δὲ οὐδὲ τὸ ἀσαφὲς διεγείρει σου τὴν ψυχὴν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον, εἰ σαφῆ ἦν, παρέδραμες. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο οὔτε σαφῆ πάντα ἐστὶν, ἵνα μὴ ῥᾳθυμήσῃς, οὔτε ἀσαφῆ, ἵνα μὴ ἀπογνῷς. Καὶ ὁ μὲν εὐνοῦχος ἐκεῖνος καὶ βάρβαρος οὐδὲν τούτων εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοσούτων πραγμάτων ὄχλῳ κυκλούμενος, καὶ ἐν ὁδῷ ὢν, βιβλίον μετὰ χεῖρας εἶχε καὶ ἀνεγίνωσκε, οὐκ εἰδὼς ἅπερ ἀνεγίνωσκε: σὺ δὲ καὶ ἐν διδασκάλων εὐπορίᾳ ὢν, καὶ ἑτέρους ἔχων τοὺς ὑπαναγινώσκοντας, σκήψεις προβάλλῃ μοι καὶ προφάσεις. Οὐκ οἶσθα τὰ λεγόμενα; Οὐκοῦν εὖξαι ἵνα μάθῃς: μᾶλλον δὲ ἀμήχανον πάντα ἀγνοεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ πολλὰ αὐτόθεν ἐστὶ κατάδηλα καὶ σαφῆ: μᾶλλον δὲ, κἂν ἅπαντα ἀγνοῇς, καὶ οὕτως ἡσυχάζειν ἔδει, ἵνα μὴ τοὺς προσέχοντας ἐκκρούσῃς, ἵνα σου τὴν ἡσυχίαν καὶ τὴν αἰδὼ ἀποδεξάμενος ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ τὰ ἀσαφῆ ποιήσῃ δῆλα. Ἀλλ' οὐ δύνασαι σιγᾷν; Οὐκοῦν ἔξιθι, ἵνα μὴ καὶ ἑτέροις γένῃ βλάβη. Καὶ γὰρ μίαν ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ δεῖ φωνὴν εἶναι ἀεὶ, καθάπερ ἑνὸς ὄντος σώματος. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ ἀναγινώσκων μόνος φθέγγεται: καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν ἔχων ἀνέχεται σιγῇ καθήμενος: καὶ ὁ ψάλλων ψάλλει μόνος: κἂν πάντες ὑπηχῶσιν, ὡς ἐξ ἑνὸς στόματος ἡ φωνὴ φέρεται: καὶ ὁ ὁμιλῶν ὁμιλεῖ μόνος. Ὅταν δὲ πολλοὶ καὶ πολλὰ καὶ διάφορα διαλέγωνται, τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐνοχλοῦμεν ἡμεῖς εἰκῆ; Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰ μὴ εἰκῆ ἐνοχλεῖν ἡμᾶς ἡγεῖσθε, περὶ τηλικούτων φθεγγομένων ἡμῶν, περὶ τῶν οὐδὲν ἂν προσηκόντων ὑμεῖς διελέγεσθε. Διὰ ταῦτα οὐκ ἐν τῷ βίῳ μόνον ὑμῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ τῶν πραγμάτων τῇ ψήφῳ πολλὴ ἡ διαστροφή: καὶ περὶ τὰ περιττὰ κεχήνατε, καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀφέντες, τὰς σκιὰς καὶ τὰ ὀνείρατα διώκετε. Ἢ οὐ σκιὰ καὶ ὀνείρατα τὰ παρόντα ἅπαντα, καὶ σκιᾶς χείρω; Καὶ γὰρ πρὶν ἢ φανῆναι, ἀφίπταται, καὶ πρὶν ἀποπτῆναι, πολὺν παρέχει τὸν θόρυβον καὶ πλείονα τῆς ἡδονῆς. Κἂν μυρία τις ἐνταῦθα λαβὼν κατορύξῃ χρήματα, τῆς νυκτὸς παρελθούσης, γυμνὸς ἄπεισιν ἐντεῦθεν, καὶ μάλα εἰκότως: ἐπεὶ καὶ οἱ ὄναρ πλουτοῦντες, ἀναστάντες ἀπὸ τῆς εὐνῆς, οὐδὲν ἔχουσιν ὧν ἔχειν ἐδόκουν καθεύδοντες: οὕτω καὶ οἱ πλεονεκτοῦντες: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλῷ χεῖρον. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ὄναρ πλουτῶν, οὔτε τὰ χρήματα ἔχει, ἅπερ ἐφαντάζετο ἔχειν, οὔτε ἄλλο τι κακὸν ἀπὸ τῆς φαντασίας ταύτης λαβὼν ἀνίσταται: οὗτος δὲ τῶν μὲν χρημάτων ἐστέρηται, τῶν δὲ ἁμαρτημάτων τῶν ἐκ τῶν χρημάτων ἐμπλησθεὶς ἄπεισι, καὶ ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ φαντασθεὶς, τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πλούτου κακὰ οὐχ ὁρᾷ ἐν φαντασίᾳ λοιπὸν, ἀλλ' ἐν αὐτῇ τῶν πραγμάτων τῇ ἀληθείᾳ: καὶ ἡ μὲν ἡδονὴ γέγονεν ἐν ὀνείροις, ἡ δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἡδονῆς κόλασις οὐκέτι ὄναρ συμβαίνει, ἀλλ' ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πείρᾳ, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ πρὸ τῆς κολάσεως ἐκείνης καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὴν ἐσχάτην τίνει δίκην, ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ συλλέγειν μυρίας προστριβόμενος ἀθυμίας, φροντίδας, κατηγορίας, διαβολὰς, θορύβους, ταραχάς. Ἵν' οὖν καὶ τῶν ὀνειράτων ἀπαλλαγῶμεν καὶ τῶν κακῶν τῶν οὐκ ἐν ὀνείροις, ἀντὶ πλεονεξίας ἐλεημοσύνην ἑλώμεθα, ἀντὶ ἁρπαγῆς φιλανθρωπίαν. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τῶν παρόντων καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτευξόμεθα ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.