John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of John

[1.] ‘ Ignorance’ makes the soul timid and unmanly, just as instruction in heavenly doctrines makes it great and sublime. For when it has enjoyed no care, it is in a manner timid, not by nature but by will.2171 προαίρεσιν For when I see the man who once was brave,2172 al. “a brave darer.” now become a coward, I say that this latter feeling no longer belongs to nature, for what is natural is immutable. Again, when I see those who but now were cowards all at once become daring, I pass the same judgment, and refer all to will. Since even the disciples were very fearful, before they had learned what they ought, and had been deemed worthy of the gift of the Spirit; yet afterwards they became bolder than lions. So Peter, who could not bear the threat of a damsel, was hung with his head downwards, and was scourged, and though he endured ten thousand dangers, would not be silent, but enduring what he endured as though it were a dream, in such a situation spake boldly; but not so before the Crucifixion. Wherefore Christ said, “Arise, let us go hence.” “But why, tell me? Did he not know the hour at which Judas would come upon Him? Or perhaps He feared lest he should come and seize them, and lest the plotters should be upon him before he had furnished his most excellent teaching.” Away with the thought! these things are far from His dignity. “If then He did not fear, why did He remove them, and then after finish ing His discourse lead them into a garden known to Judas? And even had Judas come, could He not have blinded their eyes, as He also did when the traitor was not present?2173 al. “to persons present.” Why did He remove them?” He alloweth the disciples a little breathing time. For it was likely that they, as being in a conspicuous place, would tremble and fear, both on the account of the time and the place, (for it was the depth of night,) and would not give2174 al. “and it was not even possible to give.” heed to His words, but would be continually turning about, and imagining that they heard those who were to set upon them; and that more especially when their Master’s speech made them expect evil. For, “yet a little while,” He saith, “and I am not with you,” and, “the ruler of this world cometh.” Since now when they heard these and the like words they were troubled, as though they should certainly be taken immediately, He leadeth them to another place, in order that thinking themselves in safety, they might listen to Him without fear. For they were about to hear lofty doctrines. Therefore He saith, “Arise, let us go hence.” Then He addeth, and saith,2175 al. “having led them away, He saith.” “I am the Vine, ye are the branches.” What willeth He to imply by the comparison? That the man who gives no heed to His words can have no life, and that the miracles about to take place, would be wrought by the power of Christ. “My Father is the Husbandman.” “How then? Doth the Son need a power2176 ἐ νεργείας working within?” Away with the thought! this example does not signify this. Observe with what exactness He goeth through the comparison. He saith not that the “root” enjoys the care of the Husbandman, but, “the branches.” And the foot is brought in in this place for no other purpose, but that they may learn that they can work nothing without His power, and that they ought to be united with Him by faith as the branch with the vine.

Ver. 2. “Every branch in Me that beareth not fruit the Father2177 “He,” N.T. taketh away.”

Here He alludeth to the manner of life, showing that without works it is not possible to be in Him.

“And every branch that beareth fruit, He purgeth it.”2178 “that it may bring forth more fruit,” N.T.

That is, “causeth it to enjoy great care.” Yet the root requires care rather than the branches, in being dug about, and cleared, yet about this He saith nothing here, but all about the branches. Showing that He is sufficient to Himself, and that the disciples need much help from the Husbandman, although they be very excellent. Wherefore He saith, “that which beareth fruit, He purgeth it.” The one branch, because it is fruitless, cannot even remain in the Vine, but for the other, because it beareth fruit, He rendereth it more fruitful. This, some one might assert, was said with relation also to the persecutions then coming upon them. For the “purgeth it,” is “pruneth,” which makes the branch bear better. Whence it is shown, that persecutions rather make men stronger. Then, lest they should ask concerning whom He said these things, and lest He should throw them back into anxiety, He saith,

Ver. 3. “Now ye are clean through the word which I have spoken unto you.”

Seest thou how He introduceth Himself as tending the branches? “I have cleansed you,” He saith; yet above He declareth that the Father doth this. But there is no separation2179 μέσον between the Father and the Son. “And now your part also must be performed.” Then to show that He did not this as needing their ministry,2180 al. “teaching.” but for their advancement, He addeth,

Ver. 4.2181 Ver. 4. “Abide in Me, and I in you. As,” &c. N.T. “As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself except it abide in the vine, so neither can he who abideth not in Me.”2182 “so neither can ye, except ye abide in Me.” N.T.

For that they might not be separated from Him by timidity, He fasteneth and glueth to Himself their souls slackened through fear, and holdeth out to them good hopes for the future. For the root remains, but to be taken away, or to be left, belongs to the branches. Then having urged them on in both ways, by things pleasant and things painful, He requireth first what is to be done on our side.

Ver. 5. “He that abideth in Me, and I in him.”2183 Ver. 5. “I am the Vine, ye are the branches. He that abideth in Me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit; for without Me ye can do nothing.” N.T.

Seest thou that the Son contributeth not less than the Father towards the care of the disciples? The Father purgeth, but He keepeth them in Himself. The abiding in the root is that which maketh the branches to be fruit-bearing. For that which is not purged, if it remain on the root, bears fruit, though perhaps not so much as it ought; but that which remains not, bears none at all. But still the “purging” also hath been shown to belong to the Son, and the “abiding in the root,” to the Father, who also begat the Root. Seest thou how all is common,2184 i.e. to the Father and the Son. both the “purging,” and the enjoying the virtue which is from the root?

[2.] Now it were a great penalty, the being able to do nothing, but He stayeth not the punishment at this point, but carrieth on His discourse farther.

Ver. 6. “He is cast forth,”2185 Ver. 6. “If a man abide not in Me, he is cast forth as a branch and is withered; and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned.” N.T. He saith.

No longer enjoying the benefit of the husbandman’s hand. “And is withered.” That is, if he had aught of the root, he loses it; if any grace, he is stripped of this, and is bereft of the help and life which proceed from it. And what the end? “He is cast into the fire.” Not such he who abideth with Him. Then He showeth what it is to “abide,” and saith,

Ver. 7. “If My words abide in you.”2186 “If ye abide in Me, and My words,” &c. N.T.

Seest thou that with reason I said above, that He seeketh the proof by works? For when He had said, “Whatsoever ye shall ask I will do it” ( c. xiv. 14, 15 ), He added, “If ye love Me, ye will keep2187 “If ye love me, keep,” &c. N.T. My commandments.” And here, “If ye abide in Me, and My words abide in you.”

“Ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you.”

This He said to show that they who plotted against Him should be burnt up, but that “they” should bear fruit. Then transferring the fear from them to the others, and showing that they should be invincible, He saith,

Ver. 8. “Herein is My Father glorified, that ye be My disciples, and bear much fruit.”

Hence He maketh His discourse credible, for if the bearing fruit pertains to the glory of the Father, He will not neglect His own glory. “And ye shall be My disciples.” Seest thou how he that beareth fruit, he is the disciple? But what is, “In this is the Father glorified”? “He rejoiceth when ye abide in Me, when ye bear fruit.”

Ver. 9. “As the Father hath loved Me, so have I loved you.”

Here at length He speaketh in a more human manner, for this, as spoken to men,2188 al. “suitably to a man.” has its peculiar force. Since what a measure of love did He manifest, who chose to die, who counted worthy of such honor those who were His slaves, His haters, His open enemies, and led them up to the heavens! “If then I love you, be bold; if it be the glory of My Father that ye bear fruit, imagine nothing ill.” Then that He may not make them supine, observe how He braceth them again,

“Continue ye in My love.”

“For this ye have the power to do.” And how shall this be?

Ver. 10. “If ye keep My commandments, even as I have kept my Father’s commandments.”2189 Ver. 10. “If ye keep,” &c., “ye shall abide in My love; even as,” &c., “and abide in His love.” N.T.

Again, His discourse proceedeth in a human way; for certainly the Lawgiver would not be subject to commandments. Seest thou that here also, as I am always saying, this is declared because of the infirmity of the hearers? For He chiefly speaketh to their suspicions, and by every means showeth them that they are in safety, and that their enemies are being lost, and that all, whatever they have, they have from the Son, and that, if they show forth a pure life, none shall ever have the mastery over them. And observe that He discourseth with them in a very authoritative manner, for He said not, “abide in the love of My Father,” but, “in Mine”; then, lest they should say, “when Thou hast set us at war with all men, Thou leavest us, and departest,” He showeth that He doth not leave them, but is so joined to them if they will, as the branch in the vine. Then, lest from confidence they should become supine, He saith not that the blessing cannot be removed if they are slack-minded. And in order not to refer the action to Himself, and so make them more apt to fall, He saith, “Herein is My Father glorified.” For everywhere He manifesteth His own and His Father’s love towards them. Not the things of the Jews, then, were “glory,” but those which they2190 i.e. the disciples. were about to receive. And that they might not say, “we have been driven from the possessions of our fathers, we have been deserted, we have become naked, and destitute of all things,” “Look,” He saith, “on Me. I am loved by the Father, yet still I suffer these things appointed. And so I am not now leaving you because I love you not. For if I am slain, and take not this for a proof of not being loved by the Father, neither ought ye to be troubled. For, if ye continue in My love, these dangers shall not be able to do you any mischief on the score of love.”

[3.] Since then love is a thing mighty and irresistible, not a bare word, let us manifest it by our actions. He reconciled us when we were His enemies, let us, now that we have become His friends, remain so. He led the way, let us at least follow; He loveth us not for His own advantage, (for He needeth nothing,) let us at least love Him for our profit; He loved us being His enemies, let us at least love Him being our friend. At present we do the contrary; for every day God is blasphemed through us, through our plunderings, through our covetousness. And perhaps one of you will say, “Every day thy discourse is about covetousness.” Would that I could speak about it every night too; would that I could do so, following you about in the market-place, and at your table; would that both wives, and friends, and children, and domestics, and tillers of the soil, and neighbors, and the very pavement and walls, could ever shout forth this word, that so we might perchance have relaxed a little. For this malady hath seized upon all the world, and occupies the souls of all, and great is the tyranny of Mammon. We have been ransomed by Christ, and are the slaves of gold. We proclaim the sovereignty of the one, and obey the other. Whatever “he” commands we readily obey, and we have refused to know family, or friendship, or nature, or laws, or anything, for him. No one looks up to Heaven, no one thinks about things to come. But there will be a time, when there will be no profit even in2191 al. “no time for.” these words. “In the grave,” it saith, “who shall confess to Thee?” Gold is a desirable thing, and procures us much luxury, and makes us to be honored, but not in like manner as doth Heaven. For from the wealthy man many even turn aside, and hate him, but him who lives virtuously they respect and honor. “But” saith some one “the poor man is derided, even though he be virtuous.” Not among men, but brutes.2192 ἀ λόγοις Wherefore he ought not so much as to notice them. For if asses were to bray and daws chatter at us, while all wise men commended us, we should not, losing sight of this latter audience, have regard to clamors of the brutes; for like to daws, and worse than asses, are they who admire present things. Moreover, if an earthly king approve thee, thou makest no account of the many, though they all deride thee; but if the Lord of the universe praise thee, seekest thou the good words of beetles and gnats? For this is what these men are, compared with God, or rather not even this, but something viler, if there be aught such. How long do we wallow in the mire? How long do we set sluggards and belly-gods for our judges? They can prove dicers well, drunkards, those who live for the belly, but as for virtue and vice, they cannot imagine so much as a dream. If any one taunt thee because thou hast not skill to draw the channels of the watercourses, 2193 Τοὺς ὀχετοὺς τῶν ἀμαρῶν ἕλκειν. An instance of employment requiring skill and practice. v. Iliad xxi. 257. thou wilt not think it any terrible thing, but wilt even laugh at him who objects to thee ignorance of this kind; and dost thou, when thou desirest to practice virtue, appoint as judges those who know nothing of it? On this account we never reach that art. We commit our case not to the practiced, but to the unlearned, and they judge not according to the rules of art, but according to their own ignorance. Wherefore, I exhort you, let us despise the many; or rather let us desire neither praises, nor possessions, nor wealth, nor deem poverty any evil. For poverty is to us a teacher of prudence, and endurance, and all true wisdom. Thus Lazarus lived in poverty, and received a crown; Jacob desired to get bread only; and Joseph was in the extreme of poverty, being not merely a slave, but also a prisoner; and on this account we admire him the more, and we do not so much praise him when he distributed the corn, as when he dwelt in the dungeon: not when he wore the diadem, but when the chain; not when he sat upon the throne, but when he was plotted against and sold.2194 ̓ Επωλεῖτο. So Morel. Ben. and mss. Sav. reads ἐ πολεμεῖτο, “was warred against.” Considering then all these things, and the crowns twined for us after the conflicts, let us admire not wealth, and honor, and luxury, and power, but poverty, and the chain, and bonds, and endurance in the cause of virtue. For the end of those things is full of troubles and confusion, and their lot is bound up with this present life; but the fruit of these, heaven, and the good things in the heavens, which neither eye hath seen, nor ear heard; which may we all obtain, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΟϚʹ. Ἐγείρεσθε, ἄγωμεν ἐντεῦθεν. Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ ἀληθινή: ὑμεῖς τὰ κλήματα, καὶ ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ γεωργός ἐστιν. αʹ. Δειλὴν καὶ ἄνανδρον τὴν ψυχὴν ἡ ἀμαθία ποιεῖ: ὡσπεροῦν μεγάλην καὶ ὑψηλὴν ἡ τῶν οὐρανίων δογμάτων παίδευσις: οὐδεμιᾶς γὰρ ἀπολαύουσα ἐπιμελείας, δειλή τίς ἐστιν, οὐ κατὰ φύσιν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ προαίρεσιν. Ὅταν γὰρ ἴδω τὸν ἀνδρεῖον ποτὲ μὲν τολμητὴν, νῦν δὲ δειλὸν, οὐκέτι φύσεως εἶναί φημι τὸ πάθος: τὰ γὰρ τῆς φύσεως ἀμετάθετα. Πάλιν, ὅταν ἴδω τοὺς νῦν δειλοὺς ἀθρόον τολμητὰς γινομένους, τὸ αὐτὸ πάλιν ψηφίζομαι, τῇ προαιρέσει τὸ πᾶν ἀνατιθείς. Ἐπεὶ καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ σφόδρα ἦσαν δειλοὶ πρὶν ἢ μαθεῖν ἅπερ ἐχρῆν, καὶ τῆς τοῦ Πνεύματος ἀξιωθῆναι δωρεᾶς: ὕστερον μέντοι λεόντων ἐγένοντο θρασύτεροι. Καὶ Πέτρος κορασίου οὐκ ἐνεγκὼν ἀπειλὴν, κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἐκρέματο καὶ ἐμαστιγοῦτο, καὶ μυρία κινδυνεύων οὐκ ἐσίγα: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ὄναρ πάσχων ἃ ἔπασχεν, οὕτως ἐπαῤῥησιάζετο: ἀλλ' οὐ πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ. Διὰ τοῦτο ὁ Χριστὸς ἔλεγεν: Ἐγείρεσθε, ἄγωμεν ἐντεῦθεν. Τίνος ἕνεκεν, εἰπέ μοι; οὐκ ᾔδει τὴν ὥραν καθ' ἣν ἔμελλεν ἐπιστήσεσθαι ὁ Ἰούδας; ἀλλ' ἐδεδοίκει μὴ ἐκεῖ ἐλθὼν κατάσχῃ αὐτοὺς, καὶ πρὶν ἢ πληρῶσαι τὴν ἀρίστην διδασκαλίαν, ἐπιστῶσιν οἱ ἐπιβουλεύοντες; Ἄπαγε: πόῤῥω ταῦτα αὐτοῦ τῆς ἀξίας. Εἰ τοίνυν μὴ ἐδεδοίκει, τί δήποτε ἀπανίστησιν αὐτοὺς, καὶ μετὰ τὸ πληρῶσαι, τότε εἰς τὸν κῆπον ἄγει τὸν τῷ Ἰούδᾳ γνώριμον; Εἰ δὲ καὶ παρεγένετο ὁ Ἰούδας, οὐκ ἠδύνατο αὐτῶν πηρῶσαι τὰς ὄψεις, ὃ καὶ μὴ παρόντος ἐποίησε; τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ἀφίσταται; Μικρὸν ἀναπνεῦσαι δίδωσι τοῖς μαθηταῖς. Καὶ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς, ἅτε ἐν καταδήλῳ χωρίῳ ὄντας, τρέμειν καὶ δεδοικέναι, ἀπό τε τοῦ καιροῦ, ἀπό τε τοῦ τόπου. Καὶ γὰρ νὺξ ἦν βαθυτάτη, καὶ ἦν μηδὲ προσχεῖν τοῖς λεγομένοις, ἀλλ' ἀεὶ περιστρέφεσθαι καὶ φαντάζεσθαι τοὺς ἐπιστησομένους: καὶ μάλιστα ὁπότε καὶ ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ Διδασκάλου προσδοκᾷν ἐποίει τὰ δεινά. Ἔτι γὰρ μικρὸν, φησὶν, καὶ οὐκ εἰμὶ μεθ' ὑμῶν, καὶ Ἔρχεται ὁ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου ἄρχων. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ταῦτα καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἀκούοντες ἐθορυβοῦντο, ὡς αὐτίκα μάλα ἁλωσόμενοι, ἄγει εἰς τόπον αὐτοὺς ἕτερον, ἵνα νομίσαντες ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ εἶναι, μετὰ ἀδείας λοιπὸν ἀκούωσι. Καὶ γὰρ ἔμελλον μεγάλων ἀκούσεσθαι δογμάτων. Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν: Ἐγείρεσθε, ἄγωμεν ἐντεῦθεν. Εἶτα ἐπαγαγών φησιν: Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἄμπελος, ὑμεῖς τὰ κλήματα. Τί βούλεται διὰ τῆς παραβολῆς αἰνίττεσθαι; Ὅτι τὸν μὴ προσέχοντα τοῖς λεγομένοις ζῇν οὐκ ἔνι, καὶ ὅτι τὰ μέλλοντα σημεῖα ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ γίνεται δυνάμεως. Ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ γεωργός ἐστι. Τί οὖν; ἐνεργείας δεῖται ὁ Υἱός; Ἄπαγε: τὸ γὰρ ὑπόδειγμα τοῦτο οὐ τοῦτο δηλοῖ. Ὅρα γοῦν μεθ' ὅσης ἀκριβείας ἐπέρχεται τὴν παραβολήν. Οὐ γὰρ τὴν ῥίζαν ἀπολαύειν τῆς ἐπιμελείας τοῦ γεωργοῦ, ἀλλὰ τὰ κλήματά φησιν. Ἡ ῥίζα δὲ δι' οὐδὲν παρείληπται ἐνταῦθα, ἀλλ' ἵνα μάθωσιν, ὅτι τῆς αὐτοῦ δυνάμεως χωρὶς οὐδὲν ἐργάζεσθαι δύνανται, καὶ ὅτι οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἡνῶσθαι δεῖ τῇ πίστει, ὡς τὸ κλῆμα τῇ ἀμπέλῳ. Πᾶν κλῆμα ἐν ἐμοὶ μὴ φέρον καρπὸν, αἴρει αὐτὸ ὁ Πατήρ. Ἐνταῦθα τὸν βίον αἰνίττεται, δεικνὺς, ὅτι χωρὶς ἔργων οὐκ ἔστιν εἶναι ἐν αὐτῷ. Καὶ πᾶν τὸ καρπὸν φέρον, καθαίρει αὐτὸ, τουτέστι, Πολλῆς ἐπιμελείας ἀπολαύειν ποιεῖ. Καίτοι ἡ ῥίζα δεῖται ἐπιμελείας πρὸ τῶν κλημάτων, περισκαπτομένη, γυμνουμένη: ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ἐνταῦθα περὶ ταύτης φησὶν, ἀλλὰ τὸ πᾶν περὶ κλημάτων: δεικνὺς, ὅτι αὐτὸς μὲν ἑαυτῷ ἀρκεῖ, οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ δέονται πολλῆς παρὰ τοῦ γεωργοῦ βοηθείας, κἂν σφόδρα ἐνάρετοι ὦσι. Διὰ τοῦτό φησι, Τὸ καρπὸν φέρον καθαίρει αὐτό. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ, ἐπειδὴ ἄκαρπόν ἐστιν, οὐδὲ ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ εἶναι δύναται: τὸ δὲ, ἐπειδὴ καρπὸν φέρει, γονιμώτερον αὐτὸ ἐργάζεται. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ πρὸς τὰς θλίψεις αὐτῶν εἰρῆσθαι τὰς τότε ἐπαγομένας εἴποι τις ἄν. Τὸ γὰρ, Καθαίρει αὐτὸ, περικόπτει, ἐστὶν, ὅπερ γονιμώτερον ποιεῖ τὸ κλῆμα. Ὅθεν δείκνυται ὅτι οἱ πειρασμοὶ μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς ἰσχυροτέρους ἐργάζονται. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ λέγωσι, Περὶ τίνων ταῦτα λέγει; καὶ πάλιν εἰς φροντίδα αὐτοὺς ἐμβάλῃ, φησί: Ἤδη ὑμεῖς καθαροί ἐστε διὰ τὸν λόγον, ὃν λελάληκα ὑμῖν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἑαυτὸν εἰσάγει ἐπιμελούμενον τῶν κλημάτων; Ἐγὼ γὰρ ὑμᾶς ἐκάθηρα, φησί. Καίτοι γε ἀνωτέρω δείκνυσι τὸν Πατέρα τοῦτο ποιοῦντα: ἀλλ' οὐδὲν μέσον Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ. Δεῖ δὲ ὑπάρξαι λοιπὸν τὰ παρ' ὑμῶν. Εἶτα ἵνα δείξῃ, ὅτι οὐχὶ τῆς αὐτῶν δεόμενος διακονίας τοῦτο ἐποίησεν, ἀλλ' ἵνα προκόπτωσιν, ἐπάγει: Ὥσπερ τὸ κλῆμα οὐ δύναται ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ φέρειν καρπὸν, οὕτως οὐδὲ ὁ ἐν ἐμοὶ μὴ μένων. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ ἀπὸ τῆς δειλίας ἀποσχισθῶσι, χαυνωθεῖσαν αὐτῶν τῷ φόβῳ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐπισφίγγει καὶ ἑαυτῷ συγκολλᾷ, καὶ χρηστὰς ὑποτείνει λοιπὸν ἐλπίδας. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ ῥίζα μένει: τὸ δὲ αἴρεσθαι καὶ ἀφίεσθαι, τῶν κλημάτων ἐστίν. Εἶτα ἑκατέρωθεν παρορμήσας, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν χρηστῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν λυπηρῶν, τὰ παρ' ἡμῶν ἀπαιτεῖ πρῶτα. Ὁ ἐν ἐμοὶ μένων, κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ. Ὁρᾷς καὶ τὸν Υἱὸν οὐκ ἔλαττον συντελοῦντα τοῦ Πατρὸς πρὸς τὴν τῶν μαθητῶν ἐπιμέλειαν; Ὁ μὲν γὰρ Πατὴρ καθαίρει, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐν ἑαυτῷ κατέχει. Τὸ δὲ ἐν τῇ ῥίζῃ μένειν, τοῦτο ποιεῖ καρποφορεῖν τὰ κλήματα. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ μὴ καθαιρόμενον, μένον δὲ ἐν τῇ ῥίζῃ, φέρει καρπὸν, εἰ καὶ μὴ ὅσον προσῆκε: τὸ δὲ μὴ μένον, οὐδ' ὅλως. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ τὸ καθαίρειν τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐδείχθη ὂν, καὶ τὸ μένειν ἐν τῇ ῥίζῃ, τοῦ Πατρὸς τοῦ καὶ τὴν ῥίζαν γεγεννηκότος. βʹ. Εἶδες πῶς κοινὰ πάντα, καὶ τὸ καθᾶραι, καὶ τὸ τῆς δυνάμεως τῆς ἀπὸ τῆς ῥίζης ἀπολαύειν; Μεγάλη μὲν οὖν ζημία καὶ τὸ μηδὲν δύνασθαι ποιεῖν: πλὴν οὐ μέχρι τούτου ἵστησι τὴν κόλασιν, ἀλλὰ περαιτέρω προάγει τὸν λόγον. Ἐβλήθη γὰρ, φησὶν, ἔξω, οὐκ ἔτι τῆς γεωργικῆς ἀπολαῦον χειρός: Καὶ ξηραίνεται: τουτέστιν, Εἴ τι εἶχε τῆς ῥίζης, ἀποτίθεται: εἴ τινα χάριν, γυμνοῦται ταύτης, καὶ ἐρημοῦται τῆς ἐκεῖθεν βοηθείας καὶ ζωῆς. Καὶ τί τὸ τέλος; Εἰς τὸ πῦρ βάλλεται. Ἀλλ' οὐ τοιοῦτος ὁ μένων παρ' αὐτῷ. Εἶτα δείκνυσι τί ἐστι τὸ μεῖναι, καί φησιν: Ἐὰν τὰ ῥήματά μου ἐν ὑμῖν μείνῃ. Ὁρᾷς, ὅτι καὶ πρὸ τούτου εἰκότως ἔλεγον, ὅτι τὴν διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐπίδειξιν ζητεῖ; Εἰπὼν γὰρ, ὅτι Ὃ ἐὰν αἰτήσητε ποιήσω, ἐπήγαγεν: Ἐὰν ἀγαπᾶτέ με, τὰς ἐντολὰς τὰς ἐμὰς τηρήσετε: καὶ ἐνταῦθα, Ἐὰν μένητε ἐν ἐμοὶ, καὶ τὰ ῥήματά μου ἐν ὑμῖν μείνῃ, ὃ ἐὰν θελήσητε, αἰτήσεσθε, καὶ γενήσεται ὑμῖν. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε, δεικνὺς ὅτι οἱ μὲν ἐπιβουλεύοντες αὐτῷ, κατακαήσονται, αὐτοὶ δὲ καρπὸν οἴσουσι. Τὸν φόβον τοίνυν τὸν ἐξ αὐτῶν εἰς ἐκείνους μεταθεὶς, καὶ δείξας ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἀκαταγώνιστοι ἔσονται, φησίν: Ἐν τούτῳ ἐδοξάσθη ὁ Πατήρ μου, ἵνα ὑμεῖς μοι γένησθε μαθηταὶ, καὶ καρπὸν πολὺν φέρητε. Ἐντεῦθεν τὸν λόγον ἀξιόπιστον ποιεῖ. Εἰ γὰρ εἰς δόξαν τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀνήκει τὸ καρποφορεῖν, οὐκ ἀμελήσει τῆς δόξης τῆς ἑαυτοῦ. Καὶ γενήσεσθε ἐμοὶ μαθηταί. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ὁ τὸν καρπὸν φέρων, ἐκεῖνός ἐστι μαθητής; Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ἐν τούτῳ ἐδοξάσθη ὁ Πατήρ; Τουτέστι, χαίρει ὅταν ἐν ἐμοὶ μένητε, ὅταν καρπὸν φέρητε. Καθὼς ἠγάπησέ με ὁ Πατὴρ, κἀγὼ ἠγάπησα ὑμᾶς. Ἐνταῦθα λοιπὸν ἀνθρωπινώτερον διαλέγεται: τὸ γὰρ, ὡς πρὸς ἀνθρώπους εἰρημένον, τὴν οἰκείαν ἔχει ἰσχύν. Ὁ γὰρ καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ἑλόμενος, καὶ δούλους ὄντας καὶ ἐχθροὺς καὶ πολεμίους τοσαύτης καταξιώσας τιμῆς, καὶ εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀναγαγὼν, πόσον ἐπεδείξατο μέτρον ἀγάπης; Εἰ τοίνυν ἀγαπῶ ὑμᾶς, θαῤῥεῖτε: εἰ τοῦ Πατρός ἐστι δόξα τὸ καρποφορεῖν, μηδὲν ὑποπτεύετε πονηρόν. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ ὑπτίους ἐργάσηται, ὅρα πῶς ἐπισφίγγει πάλιν. Μείνατε ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐμῇ: τούτου γὰρ ὑμεῖς κύριοι. Πῶς δὲ τοῦτο ἔσται; Ἐὰν τὰς ἐντολάς μου τηρῆτε, φησὶ, καθὼς ἐγὼ τοῦ Πατρὸς τὰς ἐντολὰς τετήρηκα. Πάλιν ἀνθρωπίνως ὁ λόγος πρόεισιν. Οὐ γὰρ δήπου ὁ νομοθέτης ὑπὸ ἐντολὰς ἔμελλε κείσεσθαι. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι, ὅπερ ἀεὶ λέγω, τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα δείκνυται διὰ τὴν τῶν ἀκροωμένων ἀσθένειαν; Πρὸς γὰρ τὴν ὑπόνοιαν αὐτῶν τὰ πολλὰ λέγει, καὶ διὰ πάντων δείκνυσιν ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ ὄντας, καὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτῶν ἀπολλυμένους, καὶ ὅτι πᾶν ὅπερ ἔχουσιν, ἀπὸ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἔχουσιν, καὶ ὅτι, βίον ἂν ἐπιδείξωνται καθαρὸν, οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν περιέσται ποτέ. Σκόπει δὲ αὐτὸν αὐθεντικώτερον αὐτοῖς διαλεγόμενον. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, Μείνατε ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἀλλ', Ἐν τῇ ἐμῇ. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ λέγωσιν, ὅτε πᾶσιν ἡμᾶς ἐξεπολέμωσας, τότε ἡμᾶς ἀφίης καὶ ἀναχωρεῖς: δείκνυσιν ὅτι οὐκ ἀφίησιν, ἀλλ' οὕτως αὐτοῖς κεκόλληται, ἐὰν θέλωσιν, ὡς τὸ κλῆμα ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ. Καὶ πάλιν ἵνα μὴ θαῤῥήσαντες, ὕπτιοι γένωνται, οὐ φησὶν ἀκίνητον εἶναι τὸ καλὸν, ἐὰν ῥᾳθυμῶσιν. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ εἰς ἑαυτὸν περιστήσῃ τὸ πρᾶγμα, καὶ πεσεῖν παρασκευάσῃ μᾶλλον, φησίν: Ἐν τούτῳ ἐδοξάσθη ὁ Πατήρ. Πανταχοῦ γὰρ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ τὴν τοῦ Πατρὸς δείκνυσιν ἀγάπην πρὸς αὐτούς. Οὐκ ἄρα τὰ Ἰουδαίων δόξα, ἀλλὰ ταῦτα, ἃ ἔμελλον λαμβάνειν. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ λέγωσιν, Ἐξεπέσομεν τῶν πατρῴων, ἐγκατελείφθημεν, γυμνοὶ καὶ ἔρημοι πάντων ἐγενόμεθα: Εἰς ἐμὲ, φησὶ, βλέπετε: ἠγάπημαι παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἀλλ' ὅμως πάσχω ταῦτα τὰ προκείμενα. Οὐ τοίνυν οὐδὲ ὑμᾶς διὰ τὸ μὴ ἀγαπᾷν ἐγκαταλιμπάνω νῦν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ ἀναιροῦμαι, καὶ οὐ ποιοῦμαι τοῦτο τεκμήριον τοῦ μὴ ἀγαπᾶσθαι παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς, οὐδὲ ὑμᾶς θορυβεῖσθαι χρή. Ἂν γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγάπης μένητε τῆς ἐμῆς, οὐδὲν ὑμᾶς ταῦτα τὰ δεινὰ παραβλάψαι δυνήσεται εἰς τὸν τῆς ἀγάπης λόγον. γʹ. Ἐπεὶ οὖν μέγα καὶ ἀκαταγώνιστον ἡ ἀγάπη, καὶ οὐκ ἔστι ῥῆμα ψιλὸν, ἐπιδειξώμεθα διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτήν. Αὐτὸς ἐχθροὺς ὄντας κατήλλαξεν, ἡμεῖς φίλοι γενόμενοι μείνωμεν: αὐτὸς ἤρξατο, ἡμεῖς κἂν ἀκολουθήσωμεν: αὐτὸς οὐκ εἰς οἰκεῖον κέρδος ἀγαπᾷ (ἀνενδεὴς γάρ ἐστιν), ἡμεῖς κἂν εἰς τὸ συμφέρον ἡμῖν: αὐτὸς ἐχθροὺς ὄντας ἐφίλησεν, ἡμεῖς κἂν φίλον ὄντα ἀγαπήσωμεν: ὡς νῦν γε τὰ ἐναντία ποιοῦμεν. Καθ' ἑκάστην γὰρ ἡμέραν βλασφημεῖται δι' ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς, διὰ τὰς ἁρπαγὰς, διὰ τὰς πλεονεξίας. Καὶ τάχα τις ὑμῶν ἴσως ἐρεῖ: Καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν περὶ πλεονεξίας διαλέγῃ. Εἴθε καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην νύκτα ἐνῆν τοῦτο εἰπεῖν! εἴθε καὶ ἐν ἀγορᾷ παρακολουθοῦντα, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης! εἴθε καὶ γυναῖκας, καὶ φίλους, καὶ παῖδας, καὶ οἰκέτας, καὶ γεωργοὺς, καὶ γείτονας, καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ ἔδαφος, καὶ τοὺς τοίχους ἦν δυνατὸν ταύτην ἀεὶ ῥηγνύναι τὴν φωνὴν, ἵνα κἂν μικρὸν οὕτως ἐνεδώκαμεν! Τὴν γὰρ οἰκουμένην κατέλαβεν ἅπασαν τουτὶ τὸ νόσημα, καὶ τὰς πάντων κατέχει ψυχὰς, καὶ πολλὴ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ ἡ τυραννίς. Ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ ἐλυτρώθημεν, καὶ τῷ χρυσίῳ δουλεύομεν. Ἑτέρου τὴν δεσποτείαν ἀνακηρύττομεν, καὶ ἑτέρῳ πειθόμεθα: καὶ ὅπερ ἂν ἐπιτάξῃ, μετὰ προθυμίας ὑπακούομεν, καὶ γένος, καὶ φιλίαν, καὶ φύσιν, καὶ νόμους, καὶ πάντα ἠγνοήσαμεν δι' ἐκεῖνον. Οὐδεὶς ἀναβλέπει εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν, οὐδεὶς ἐννοεῖ τὰ μέλλοντα. Ἀλλ' ἔσται καιρὸς, ὅτε οὐδὲ τῶν λόγων τούτων ἔσται κέρδος. Ἐν γὰρ τῷ ᾅδῃ, φησὶ, τίς ἐξομολογήσεταί σοι; Ποθεινὸν τὸ χρυσίον, καὶ πολλὴν παρέχει τὴν τρυφὴν ἡμῖν, καὶ τιμίους εἶναι ποιεῖ: ἀλλ' οὐχ οὕτως, ὡς ὁ οὐρανός. Τὸν γὰρ πλουτοῦντα καὶ ἀποστρέφονται πολλοὶ καὶ μισοῦσι: τὸν δὲ ἐν ἀρετῇ ζῶντα αἰδοῦνται καὶ τιμῶσιν. Ἀλλὰ καταγελᾶται ὁ πένης, κἂν ἐνάρετος ᾖ, φησίν. Ἀλλ' οὐ παρὰ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῖς ἀλόγοις: διόπερ οὐδὲ ἐπιστρέφεσθαι χρή. Οὐδὲ γὰρ, εἰ κατεμυκῶντο μὲν ὄνοι, καὶ κατέκραγον κολοιοὶ, οἱ δὲ σοφοὶ πάντες ἐπῄνουν ἀφέντες τοῦτο τὸ θέατρον, πρὸς τὰς τῶν ἀλόγων κραυγὰς εἴδομεν ἄν. Καὶ γὰρ ὅμοιοι κολοιῶν, καὶ ὄνων χείρους οἱ τὰ παρόντα θαυμάζοντες. Εἶτα ἂν μὲν βασιλεὺς ἐπίγειος θαυμάζῃ, οὐδένα τῶν πολλῶν ποιῇ λόγον, κἂν πάντες καταγελῶσιν: ἂν δὲ ὁ τῶν ὅλων Δεσπότης σε ἐπαινῇ, κανθάρων καὶ κωνώπων εὐφημίας ἐπιζητεῖς; Τοῦτο γὰρ οὗτοι πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ τοῦτο, ἀλλ' εἴ τι τούτων εὐτελέστερον. Μέχρι τίνος ἐν βορβόρῳ στρεφόμεθα; μέχρι τίνος βλᾶκας καὶ γαστριμάργους καθίζομεν ἡμῖν θεατάς; Ἐκεῖνοι τοὺς κυβεύοντας δύνανται δοκιμάζειν καλῶς, τοὺς μεθύοντας, τοὺς τῇ γαστρὶ ζῶντας: ἀρετῆς δὲ καὶ κακίας οὐδὲ ὄναρ φαντάζεσθαι δύνανται. Εἶτα ἐὰν μέν τίς σε σκώπτῃ, ὅτι τοὺς ὀχετοὺς τῶν ἀμαρῶν οὐκ ἐπίστασαι ἕλκειν, οὐδὲν ἡγήσῃ δεινὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ καταγελάσῃ τοῦ τὴν ἀπειρίαν ταύτην προβαλλομένου: ἀρετὴν δὲ ἀσκεῖν βουλόμενος, τοὺς οὐδὲν ταύτης εἰδότας, δοκιμαστὰς τούτων καθίζεις; Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδέποτε φθάνομεν εἰς τὴν τέχνην ἐκείνην. Οὐ γὰρ τοῖς ἐμπείροις, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἀμαθέσιν ἐπιτρέπομεν τὰ ἡμέτερα. Ἐκεῖνοι δὲ οὐ κατὰ τὸν τῆς τέχνης λόγον, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὴν οἰκείαν ἀμαθίαν δοκιμάζουσι. Διόπερ, παρακαλῶ, καταφρονῶμεν τῶν πολλῶν: μᾶλλον δὲ μηδὲ ἐπαίνων ἐπιθυμῶμεν, μὴ χρημάτων, μὴ πλούτου, μηδὲ κακόν τι νομίζωμεν πενίαν. Καὶ γὰρ φρονήσεως καὶ καρτερίας, καὶ πάσης φιλοσοφίας διδάσκαλος ἡμῖν ἡ πενία. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Λάζαρος πενίᾳ συνέζη, καὶ ἐστεφανοῦτο: καὶ ὁ Ἰακὼβ ἄρτου μόνου ἐπιτυχεῖν ἐπεθύμει: καὶ ὁ Ἰωσὴφ ἐν ἐσχάτῃ πενίᾳ ἐγεγόνει, καὶ οὐχὶ δοῦλος μόνον ἦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ δεσμώτης, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μᾶλλον αὐτὸν θαυμάζομεν. Καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ἐπαινοῦμεν, ὅτε τὸν σῖτον διένεμεν, ὡς ὅτε τὸ δεσμωτήριον ᾤκει: οὐχ ὅτε τὸ διάδημα περιέκειτο, ἀλλ' ὅτε τὴν ἅλυσιν: οὐχ ὅτε ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου ἐκαθέζετο, ἀλλ' ὅτε ἐπεβουλεύετο, καὶ ἐπωλεῖτο. Ταῦτα οὖν ἅπαντα ἐννοοῦντες, καὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγώνων τούτων πλεκομένους στεφάνους, μὴ πλοῦτον, καὶ τιμὴν, καὶ τρυφὰς, καὶ δυναστείαν: ἀλλὰ πενίαν, καὶ ἅλυσιν, καὶ δεσμὰ, καὶ καρτερίαν τὴν ὑπὲρ ἀρετῆς θαυμάζωμεν. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ τέλος ἐκείνων, θορύβων γέμει καὶ ταραχῆς, καὶ τῷ παρόντι συγκεκλήρωται βίῳ: ὁ δὲ τούτων καρπὸς, οὐρανὸς καὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἀγαθὰ, ἃ μήτε ὀφθαλμὸς εἶδε, μήτε οὖς ἤκουσεν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.