John Chrysostom, On the Letter to the Romans

He is now going again to rebuke them more vehemently than before.298 In ix. 30–33 Paul had stated that the reason of Israel’s rejection was, that they sought after righteousness not by faith but by works, while the Gentiles sought it by faith and attained it. Chap. x. is an illustration and confirmation of this position. Its leading idea is, that the Jews could not be justified by works of the law, because a new system, that of faith, had come in with Christ and had displaced the old. The argument may be summarized thus: (1) Vv. 1, 2. Conciliatory introduction in which the apostle avows his love for his people. (2) Vv. 3, 4. Their method, however, of seeking righteousness by works is an effort to obtain a righteousness of their own, which is impossible. Christ has put an end to the system of works and He is himself the only means of attaining God’s righteousness. At v. 5 begins the Scriptural argument concerning the two systems of works and faith. (3) Vv. 5–10. The principle of the system of works as stated by Moses is, keep the law and you will be saved by it. The principle of faith, on the other hand, is, not that of striving to reach something afar off, but of accepting the present truth. It is not struggle but acceptance; not attaining by merit, but receiving by grace. (4) Vv. 11–13. The Scriptures emphasize this principle of faith as the true principle of salvation, speaking of the assurance which it brings and that to all, regardless of nationality or outward condition. (5) Vv. 14, 15. But in order that men may accept this message, preachers must be sent to proclaim the glad tidings. (6) Vv. 16–21. This has been done in the case of the Jews. They cannot shelter themselves behind the excuse that they have not known God’s message. The scriptures of the Old Testament reveal God and require faith in Him and also intimate the larger destination of the gospel for Gentiles as well as Jews.—G.B.S. Wherefore he again does away with every suspicion of hatred, and makes a great effort beforehand to correct misapprehension. Do not then, he says, mind words or accusations, but observe that it is not in any hostile spirit that I say this. For it is not likely that the same person should desire their salvation, and not desire it only, but even pray for it, and yet should also hate them, and feel aversion to them. For here he calls his exceeding desire, and the prayer which he makes (εὐδοκίαν), “heart’s desire.” For it is not the being freed from punishment only, but that they may also be saved, that he makes so great a point of, and prays for. Nor is it from this only, but also from the sequel that he shows the goodwill that he hath towards them. For from what is open to him, as far as he can, he forces his way, and is contentious to find out some shadow at least of an excuse for them. And he hath not the power, being overcome by the nature of the facts.

Ver. 2. “For I bear them record,” says he, “that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge.”

Ought not this then to be a ground for pardoning and not for accusing them? For if it is not of man299 Referring to the expression, “a zeal of God,” see 1 Cor. iii. 3, Gr. that they are separated, but through zeal, they deserved to be pitied rather than punished. But observe how adroitly he favors them in the word, and yet shows their unseasonable obstinacy.

Ver. 3. “For they being ignorant,” he says, “of God’s righteousness.”

Again the word would lead to pardon. But the sequel to stronger accusation, and such as does away with defence of any kind.

“And going about,” he says, “to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God.”

And these things he says to show, that it was from a petulancy and love of power that they erred, rather than from ignorance, and that not even this righteousness from the deeds of the Law did they establish. (Matt. xxi. 38; John. xii. 19, 42.) For saying “going about to establish” is what one would do to show this. And in plain words indeed he has not stated this (for he has not said, that they fell short of both righteousnesses), but he has given a hint of it in a very judicious manner, and with the wisdom so befitting him. For if they are still “going about” to establish that, it is very plain that they have not yet established it. If they have not submitted themselves to this, they have fallen short of this also. But he calls it their “own righteousness,” either because the Law was no longer of force, or because it was one of trouble and toil. But this he calls God’s righteousness, that from faith, because it comes entirely from the grace from above, and because men are justified in this case, not by labors, but by the gift of God. But they that evermore resisted the Holy Ghost, and vexatiously tried to be justified by the Law, came not over to the faith. But as they did not come over to the faith, nor receive the righteousness thereupon ensuing, and were not able to be justified by the Law either, they were thrown out of all resources.

Ver. 4. “For Christ is the end of the Law for righteousness to every one that believeth.”

See the judgment of Paul. For as he had spoken of a righteousness, and a righteousness, lest they of the Jews which believed should seem to have the one but be excluded from the other, and to be accused of lawlessness (for even these there was no less cause to fear about as being still newly come in), and lest Jews should again expect to achieve it, and should say, Though we have not at present fulfilled it, yet we certainly will fulfil it, see what ground he takes. He shows that there is but one righteousness, and that has its full issue300 Gr. “is summed up,” ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται. See Irenæus,…31, 32; iii. 21, 9, 10; xxii. 1 Massuet pp. 293, 294 O.T. where he says the creation is “recapitulated” in Christ. Also iv. 74, 78, v. 1; iv. 38, 1; 40. 3: v. 1, 2. Mass. pp. 436, 444, 451 O.T. much to the same purpose, and v. 29, p. 518 O.T. of the recapitulation or consummation of iniquity in Antichrist; the word is the same. in this, and that he that hath taken to himself this, the one by faith, hath fulfilled that also. But he that rejects this, falls short as well of that also. For if Christ be “the end of the Law,” he that hath not Christ, even if he seem to have that righteousness, hath it not. But he that hath Christ, even though he have not fulfilled the Law aright, hath received the whole. For the end of the physician’s art is health. As then he that can make whole, even though he hath not the physician’s art, hath everything; but he that knows not how to heal, though he seem to be a follower of the art, comes short of everything: so is it in the case of the Law and of faith. He that hath this hath the end of that likewise, but he that is without this is an alien from both. For what was the object of the Law? To make man righteous. But it had not the power, for no one fulfilled it. This then was the end of the Law and to this it looked throughout, and for this all its parts were made, its feasts, and commandments, and sacrifices, and all besides, that man might be justified. But this end Christ gave a fuller accomplishment of through faith.301 By the “end of the law,” the author seems to understand the ability to secure righteousness to men which was the ideal aim of the law but which it could not do. While this view is correct enough in itself, it seems not to present the full force of τέλος νόμου which is best taken, with most recent interpreters, (as Meyer, Godet, De Wette, Olshausen, Dwight) to literally the end or termination of the law. Christ puts an end to the law system by fulfilling it. The meaning is well given in Meyer’s paraphrase: “For the validity of the law has come to an end in Christ, in order that every believer may be a partaker of righteousness.”—G.B.S. Be not then afraid, he says, as if transgressing the Law in having come over to the faith. For then dost thou transgress it, when for it thou dost not believe Christ. If thou believest in Him, then thou hast fulfilled it also, and much more than it commanded. For thou hast received a much greater righteousness. Next, since this was an assertion, he again brings proof of it from the Scriptures.

Ver. 5. “For Moses,” he says, “describeth the righteousness which is of the Law.”

What he means is this. Moses showeth us the righteousness ensuing from the Law, what sort it is of, and whence. What sort is it then of, and what does it consist in? In fulfilling the commandments. “He (R.T. the man), that doeth these things,” He says, “shall live by (or in), them.” (Lev. xviii. 5.) And there is no other way of becoming righteous in the Law save by fulfilling the whole of it. But this has not been possible for any one, and therefore this righteousness has failed them. (διαπέπτωκεν). But tell us, Paul, of the other righteousness also, that which is of grace. What is that then, and of what does it consist? Hear the words in which he gives a clear sketch of it. For after he had refuted302 He seems to consider the words quoted from Lev. xviii. a sufficient refutation, as the Jews thought to be justified by the Law without fulfilling it. See Rom. ii. the other, he next goes on to this, and says,

Ver. 6, 7, 8, 9. “But the righteousness which is of faith speaketh on this wise, Say not in thine heart, Who shall ascend into heaven (that is, to bring Christ down from above): or, Who shall descend into the deep? (that is, to bring up Christ again from the dead.) But what saith it? The word is nigh thee, even in thy mouth, and in thy heart, that is, the word of faith which we preach. That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised Him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.

To prevent the Jews then from saying, How came they who had not found the lesser righteousness to find the greater? he gives a reason there was no answering, that this way was easier than that. For that requires the fulfilment of all things (for when thou doest all, then thou shalt live); but the righteousness which is of faith doth not say this, but what?

“If thou confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and believe in thy heart that God hath raised Him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.” Then again that we may not seem to be making it contemptible by showing it to be easy and cheap,303 This term is admissible with respect to the method of attainment; but there are two other readings of the passage; one is “that the easiness may not seem to make it contemptible and cheap.” observe how he expands his account of it. For he does not come immediately to the words just given, but what does he say? “But the righteousness which is of faith saith on this wise; Say not in thine heart, Who shall go up into heaven? (that is, to bring Christ down); or, Who shall descend into the deep? (that is, to bring up Christ again from the dead.”) For as to the virtue manifested in works there is opposed a listlessness, which relaxeth our labors,304 “sinews” Field, from Catena. and it requireth a very wakeful soul not to yield to it: thus, when one is required to believe, there are reasonings which confuse and make havoc of the minds of most men, and it wants a soul of some vigor to shake them thoroughly off. And this is just why he brings the same before one. And as he did in Abraham’s case, so he does here also. For having there shown that he was justified by faith, lest he should seem to have gotten so great a crown by a mere chance, as if it were a thing of no account, to extol the nature of faith, he says, “Who against hope believed in hope, that he might become the father of many nations. And being not weak in faith, he considered his own body now dead, and the deadness of Sarah’s womb. He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God; and being fully persuaded that what He had promised He was able also to perform” (Rom. iv. 18–21): so he showed that there is need of vigor, and a lofty soul, that takes in things beyond expectation, and stumbles not at appearances. This then he does here also, and shows that it requires a wise mind, and a spirit heavenly (Gr. heaven-reaching) and great. And he does not say merely, “Say not,” but, “Say not in thine heart,” that is, do not so much as think of doubting and saying with thyself, And how can this be? You see that this is a chief characteristic of faith, to leave all the consequences305 πᾶσαν ἀκολουθίαν, i.e. the common order of cause and effect. of this lower world, and so to seek for that which is above nature, and to cast out the feebleness of calculation, and so to accept everything from the Power of God. The Jews, however, did not merely assert this, but that it was not possible to be justified by faith. But himself turns even what had taken place to another account, that having shown the thing to be so great, that even after it had taken place it required faith, he might seem with good reason to bestow a crown on these: and he uses the words which are found in the Old Testament, being always at pains to keep quite clear of the charges of love of novelties, and of opposition to it. For this, which he here says of faith, Moses says to them of the commandment,306 St. Augustin Quæst. in Deut. lib. v. q. 54, discusses this passage and its application, and considers it to refer to the spiritual meaning of the Law. so showing that they had enjoyed at God’s hand a great benefit. For there is no need to say, he means, that one must go up to heaven, or cross a great sea, and then receive the commandments, but things so great and grand hath God made of easy access to us. And what meaneth the phrase, “The Word is nigh thee?” That is, It is easy. For in thy mind and in thy tongue is thy salvation. There is no long journey to go, no seas to sail over, no mountains to pass, to get saved. But if you be not minded to cross so much as the threshold, you may even while you sit at home be saved. For “in thy mouth and in thy heart” is the source of salvation. And then on another score also he makes the word of faith easy, and says, that “God raised Him from the dead.” For just reflect upon the worthiness of the Worker, and you will no longer see any difficulty in the thing. That He is Lord then, is plain from the resurrection. And this he said at the beginning even of the Epistle. “Which was declared to be the Son of God with power ... by the resurrection from the dead.” (Rom. i. 4.) But that the resurrection is easy too, has been shown even to those who are very unbelieving, from the might of the Worker of it. Since then the righteousness is greater, and light and easy to receive, is it not a sign of the utmost contentiousness to leave what is light and easy, and set about impossibilities? For they could not say that it was a thing they declined as burdensome. See then how he deprives them of all excuse. For what do they deserve to have said in their defence, who choose what is burdensome and impracticable, and pass by what is light, and able to save them, and to give them those things which the Law could not give? All this can come only from a contentious spirit, which is in a state of rebellion against God. For the Law is galling (ἐπαχθὴς), but grace is easy. The Law, though they dispute never so much, does not save; Grace yieldeth the righteousness resulting from itself, and that from the Law likewise. What plea then is to rescue them, since they are disposed to be contentious against this, but cling to that to no purpose whatever? Then, since he had made a strong assertion, he again confirms it from the Scripture.307 The following analysis of Paul’s meaning in vv. 6–10 may be useful in connection with the exposition of Chrys. The apostle quotes Deut. xxx. 11–14 in which God assures the people that his commandments are not beyond their power to obey. He brings truth and duty near to them. These expressions are typical of the principles of the Christian faith. No striving, journeying or climbing are needful to reach Christ and his truth and law. Christian truth and duty are brought near in the apostolic message. After this presentation of the faith-idea in Old Testament language, which all might not grasp, he presents the message of the gospel in vv. 9, 10 in unmistakable terms. It includes two points, (1) confession, (2) faith, and the object of both is stated. It is Christ. Confess Christ; believe heartily in his resurrection (which would carry belief in all the essential facts of his life and person with itself). And then, reversing the order, and throwing καρδία and στόματι into special prominence, he repeats the assurance that faith and confession conduct to the true goal—εἰς δικαιοσύνην—εἰς σωτηρίαν (10).—G.B.S.

Ver. 11–13. “For the Scripture saith,” he proceeds, “Whosoever believeth on Him, shall not be ashamed. For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek; for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon Him. For whosoever shall call upon the Name of the Lord shall be saved.”

You see how he produces witnesses, whether to the faith, or to the confession of it. For the words, “Every one that believeth,” point out the faith. But the words, “Whosoever shall call upon,” set forth confession. Then again to proclaim the universality of the grace, and to lay their boasting low, what he had before demonstrated at length, he here briefly recalls to their memory, showing again that there is no difference between the Jew and the uncircumcised. “For there is,” he says, “no difference between the Jew and the Greek.” And what he had said about the Father, when he was arguing this point, that he says here about the Son. For as before he said in asserting this, “Is He the God of the Jews only? Is He not of the Gentiles also? Yes, of the Gentiles also: seeing it is one God” (Rom. iii. 29, 30):—So he says here also, “For the same Lord over all is rich unto all (and upon all).” (Rom. iii. 22.) You see how he sets Him forth as exceedingly desiring our salvation, since He even reckons this to be riches to Himself; so that they are not even now to despair, or fancy that, provided they would repent, they were unpardonable. For He who considereth it as riches308 Hooker, v. 23, “The higher any cause is, the more it coveteth to impart virtue unto things beneath it.” to Himself to save us, will not cease to be rich. Since even this is riches, the fact of the gift being shed forth unto all. For since what distresseth him the most was, that they, who were in the enjoyment of a prerogative over the whole world, should now by the faith be degraded from these thrones, and be no wit better off than others, he brings the Prophets in constantly as foretelling, that they would have equal honor with them. “For whosoever,” he says, “believeth on Him shall not be ashamed” (Is. xxviii. 16); and, “Whosoever shall call upon the Name of the Lord shall be saved.” (Joel ii. 32.) And the “whosoever” is put in all cases, that they might not say aught in reply. But there is nothing worse than vainglory. For it was this, this most especially, which proved their ruin. Whence Christ also said to them, “How can ye believe, which receive glory one of another, and seek not the glory which cometh of God only?” (John v. 44.) This, with ruin, exposes men also to much ridicule and before the punishment in the other world involves them in ills unnumbered in this. And if it seem good, that you may learn this clearly, leaving for the present the heavens which that puts us out of, and the hell which it thrusts us into, let us investigate the whole matter as here before us. What then can be more wasteful than this? what more disgraceful, or more offensive? For that this disorder is a wasteful one is plain from the people who spend to no purpose whatsoever on theatres, horse-races, and other such irrelevant expenditures: from those that build the fine and expensive houses, and fit up everything in a useless style of extravagance, on which I must not enter in this discourse. But that a person diseased in this way must needs be extravagant, and expensive, and rapacious, and covetous, anybody can see. For that he may have food to give the brute, he thrusteth his hand into the substance of others. And why do I talk of substance? It is not money only but souls also that this fire devoureth, and it worketh not death here only, but also hereafter. For vanity is the mother of hell, and greatly kindleth that fire, and the venomous worm. One may see that it hath power even over the dead. And what can be worse than this? For the other passions are put an end to by death, but this even after death shows its force, and strives to display its nature even in the dead corpse. For when men give orders on their death-bed to raise to them fine monuments, which will waste all their substance, and take pains to lay out beforehand a vast extravagance in their funeral, and in their lifetime insult the poor that come to them for a penny and a single loaf, but when they are dead give a rich banquet to the worm, why seek any more exorbitant thraldom to the disease? From this mischief also irregular loves are conceived. For there are many whom it is not the beauty of the appearance, nor the desire of lying with her, but the wish to boast that “I have made conquest of such an one,” hath even drawn into adultery. And why need I mention the other mischiefs that spring of this? For I had rather be long (3 mss. διηνεκὥς) the slave of ten thousand savages, than of vanity once. For even they do not put such commands upon their captives, as this vice lays upon its votaries. Because it says, Be thou every one’s slave, be he nobler or be he lower than thyself. Despise thy soul, neglect virtue, laugh at freedom, immolate thy salvation, and if thou doest any good thing, do it not to please God, but to display it to the many, that for these things thou mayest even lose thy crown. And if thou give alms, or if thou fast, undergo the pains, but take care to lose the gain. What can be more cruel than these commands? Hence grudging beareth sway, hence haughtiness, hence covetousness, the mother of evils. For the swarm of domestics, and the black servants liveried in gold, and the hangers on, and the flatterers, and the silver-tinselled chariots, and the other absurdities greater than these, are not had for any pleasure’s sake or necessity, but for mere vanity. Yes, one will say, but that this affliction is an evil, anybody can see; but how we are to keep quite clear of it, this is what you should tell us. Well then, in the first place, if you persuade yourself that this disorder is a baneful one, you will have made a very good beginning towards correcting it. For when a man is sick, he speedily sends for the physician, if he be first made acquainted with the fact that he is sick. But if thou seekest for another way besides to escape from hence, look to God continually, and be content with glory from Him; and if thou find the passion tickling thee, and stirring thee to tell thy well-doings to thy fellow-servants, bethink thyself next, that after telling them thou gainest nothing. Quench the absurd desire, and say to thy soul, Lo, thou hast been so long big with thy own well-doings to tell them, and thou hast not had the courage to keep them to thyself, but hast blabbed them out to all. What good then hast thou gotten from this? None at all, but loss to the utmost, and avoidance of all that had been gathered together with much labor. And besides this, consider another thing also, which is, that most men’s opinion is perverted, and not perverted only, but that it withers away so soon.

For supposing they do admire you for the time, when the occasion has gone by they will have forgotten it all, and have taken away from thee the crown God had given, and have been unable to secure to thee that from themselves. And yet if this were abiding, it were a most miserable thing to exchange that for this. But when even this hath gone, what defence shall we be able to make for betraying the abiding one for the sake of the unabiding one, for losing such blessings for the sake of credit with a few? And indeed even if they who praise were numerous, even for this they were to be pitied, and the more so the more numerous those who do it. But if thou art surprised at what I have said, hear Christ giving His sentence in this way, “Woe unto you, when all men speak well of you.” (Luke vi. 26.) And so indeed it should seem. For if in every art you look to the workmen (δημιουργους) in it to be judges of it, how come you to trust the proving of virtue to the many, and not most of all to Him Who knoweth it more surely then any, and is best able to applaud309 or “confirm” συγκροτεῖν. and to crown it? This saying then, let us inscribe both on our walls and our doors and our mind, and let us keep constantly saying to ourselves, “Woe unto us, when all men speak well of us.” For even they that so speak slander one afterward as a vain person, and fond of honor, and covetous of their good word. But God doeth not so. But when He seeth thee coveting the glory that cometh of Him, then He will praise thee most, and respect (θαυμάσεται om. in most mss.) thee, and proclaim thee conqueror. Not so man; but, when he finds thee slavish instead of free, by gratifying thee often by bare words with false praise, he snatches from thee thy true meed, and makes thee more of a menial than a purchased slave. For those last men get to obey them after their orders, but thou even without orders makest thyself a slave. For thou dost not even wait to hear something from them, but if thou merely knowest wherein thou mayest gratify them, even without their command thou doest all. What hell then should we not deserve, for giving the wicked pleasure, and courting their service before they give orders, while we will not hearken to God, even when He every day commands and exhorts us? And yet if thou art covetous of glory and praise, avoid the praise that cometh of men, and then thou wilt attain to glory. Turn aside from fair speeches, and then thou wilt obtain praises without number both from God and from men. For there is no one we are used to give so much glory to, as the man who looks down upon glory, or to praise and respect so much as the man who thinks scorn of getting respected and praised. And if we do so, much more will the God of the universe. And when He glorifieth thee and praiseth thee, what man can be more justly pronounced blessed? For there is not a greater difference between glory and disgrace, than between the glory from above and that of men. Or rather, there is a much greater, aye an infinite difference. For if this, even when it does not get put beside any other, is but a base and uncomely one, when we come to scrutinize it by the other’s side, just consider how great its baseness will be found to be! For as a prostitute stands at her place310 Vide ad J. Polluc. vii. 201. and lets herself out to any one, so are they that be slaves of vanity. Or rather, these be more base than she. For that sort of women do in many instances treat those enamoured of them with scorn. But you prostitute yourself to everybody, whether runaway slaves, or thieves, or cut-purses (for it is of these and such as these that the play-houses that applaud you consist), and those whom as individuals you hold to be nothing worth, when in a body, you honor more than your own salvation and show yourself less worthy of honor than any of them. For how can you be else than less worthy, when you stand in need of the good word of others, and fancy that you have not enough by yourself, unless you receive the glory that cometh of others? Do you not perceive, pray, beside what I have said, that as you are an object of notice, and known to every body, if you should commit a fault, you will have accusers unnumbered; but if unknown, you will remain in security? Yes, a man may say, but then if I do well I shall have admirers unnumbered. Now the fearful thing is, that it is not only when you sin, but even when you do aright, that the disorder of vanity does you mischief, in the former case subverting thousands, in the present bereaving thee entirely of thy reward. It is then a sad thing, and replete with disgrace of every kind, to be in love with glory even in civil matters. But when even in spiritual you are in the same plight what excuse is there left remaining for you, when you are not minded to yield God even as much honor as you have yourself from your servants? For even the slave “looketh to the eyes of his master” (Ps. cxxiii. 2), and the hireling to his employer, who is to pay him wages, and the disciple to his master. But you do just the contrary. Having left the God that hired thee, even thy Master, thou lookest to thy fellow-servants; and this knowing that God remembers thy well-doings even after this life, but man only for the present. And when thou hast spectators assembled in Heaven, thou art gathering together spectators upon earth. And where the wrestler struggles, there he would be honored; but thou, while thy wrestling is above, art anxious to gain thee a crown below. And what can be worse than madness like this? But let us look, if it seem proper, at the crowns also. For one is formed by haughtiness, and a second by grudging against another, and a third by dissimulation and flattery, another again by wealth, and another by servile obsequiousness. And like as children at their childish play put crowns of grass upon one another, and many a time laugh at him that is crowned behind his back; thus now also they that pass their praises upon thee, many a time joke by themselves at their putting the grass upon us. And would it were grass only! But now the crown is laden with much mischief, and ruins all our well-doings. Taking then the vileness of it into consideration, flee from the damage entailed. For how many would you have to praise you? A hundred? or twice, or thrice, or four times as many? Or rather, if you please, put them at ten times or twenty times as many, and let there be two or four thousand, or if you will, even ten thousand to applaud you. Still these be no better than so many daws cawing from above. Or rather taking the assemblage of the angels into consideration, these will seem more vile than even worms, and their good word of not so much solidity as a cobweb, or a smoke, or a dream.

Hear then how Paul, who saw through these things thoroughly, is so far from seeking after them, that he even deprecates them, in the words, “But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of Christ.” (Gal. vi. 14.) This glory then be thou also emulous of, that thou mayest not provoke the Master, because in so doing thou art insulting God, and not thyself alone. For if thou even wert a painter, and hadst some pupil, and he were to omit showing thee his practice of the art, but set forth his painting publicly just to any body that chanted to observe it, thou wouldest not take it quietly. But if this even with thy fellow-servants were an insult, how much more with the Master! But if you have a mind to learn on other grounds to feel scorn for the thing, be of a lofty mind, laugh at appearances, increase thy love of real glory, be filled with a spiritual temper, say to thy soul as Paul did, “Knowest thou not that we shall judge angels?” (1 Cor. vi. 3) and having by this roused it up, go on to rebuke it, and say, Thou that judgest the angels, wilt thou let thyself be judged of off-scourings, and be praised with dancers, and mimics, and gladiators, and horse-drivers? For these men do follow after applause of this sort. But do thou poise thy wing high above the din of these, and emulate that citizen of the wilderness, John, and learn how he was above regarding the multitude, and did not turn him to look at flatterers, but when he saw all the dwellers in Palestine poured forth about him, and wondering, and astonished at him, he was not puffed up with such honor as this, but rose up against them, and discoursing to his great concourse as if to one youth, he thus rebuked them and said, “Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers!” (Matt. iii. 7.) Yet it was for him that they had run together, and left the cities, in order to see that holy personage, and still none of these things unnerved him. For he was far above glory, and free from all vanity. So also Stephen, when he saw the same people again, not honoring him, but mad upon him, and gnashing their teeth, being lifted above their wrath, said, “Ye stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart.” (Acts vii. 51.) Thus also Elias, when those armies were present, and the king, and all the people, said, “How long halt ye upon both your hips?” (1 Kings xviii. 21, LXX. true sense of “halt.”) But we flatter all, court all, with this servile obsequiousness buying their honor. Wherefore all things are turned upside down, and for this favor311 ἐξεπέσομεν καὶ added after χάριτος in 2 mss. and in Ben from mss. “we have fallen from this grace, and the business of Christianity is treacherously given up.” the business of Christianity is betrayed, and everything neglected for the opinion of the generality. Let us then banish this passion, and then we shall have a right notion of liberty, and of the haven, and the calm. For the vain man is ever like persons in a storm, trembling, and fearing, and serving a thousand masters. But he that is clear of this thraldom, is like men in havens, enjoying a liberty untainted. Not so that person, but as many acquaintances as he has, so many masters has he, and he is forced to be a slave to all of them. How then are we to get free from this hard bondage? It is by growing enamoured of another glory, which is really glory. For as with those that are enamoured of persons, the sight of some handsomer one doth by its being seen take them off from the first: so with those that court the glory which cometh from us men, the glory from heaven, if it gleameth on them, has power to lead them off from this. Let us then look to this, and become thoroughly acquainted with it, that by feeling admiration of its beauty, we may shun the hideousness of the other, and have the benefit of much pleasure by enjoying this continually. Which may we all attain to by the grace and love toward man, etc.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΙΖʹ. Ἀδελφοὶ, ἡ μὲν εὐδοκία τῆς ἐμῆς καρδίας, καὶ ἡ δέησίς μου ἡ πρὸς Θεὸν, ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἐστιν εἰς σωτηρίαν. αʹ. Μέλλει πάλιν αὐτῶν καθάπτεσθαι σφοδρότερον, ἢ πρότερον: διὸ πάλιν ἀναιρεῖ πάσης ἀπεχθείας ὑπόνοιαν, καὶ πολλῇ κέχρηται τῇ προδιορθώσει. Μὴ γὰρ προσέχετε τοῖς λόγοις, φησὶ, μηδὲ ταῖς κατηγορίαις, ἀλλ' ὅτι οὐκ ἀπὸ διανοίας ἐχθρᾶς ταῦτα φθέγγομαι. Οὐ γάρ ἐστι τοῦ αὐτοῦ σωθῆναί τε αὐτοὺς ἐπιθυμεῖν, καὶ μὴ μόνον ἐπιθυμεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ εὔχεσθαι, καὶ πάλιν μισεῖν καὶ ἀποστρέφεσθαι: καὶ γὰρ εὐδοκίαν ἐνταῦθα τὴν σφοδρὰν ἐπιθυμίαν φησί. Καὶ ὅρα καὶ τὴν δέησιν πῶς ποιεῖται ἀπὸ διανοίας. Οὐ γὰρ ὥστε ἀπαλλαγῆναι κολάσεως μόνον, ἀλλ' ὥστε καὶ σωθῆναι αὐτοὺς, πολλὴν καὶ τὴν σπουδὴν ποιεῖται καὶ τὴν εὐχήν. Καὶ οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἑξῆς δείκνυσι τὴν εὔνοιαν, ἣν ἔχει πρὸς αὐτούς. Ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν ἐγχωρούντων, ὡς οἷός τε ἦν, βιάζεται καὶ φιλονεικεῖ, ζητῶν σκιὰν γοῦν τινα ἀπολογίας αὐτοῖς εὑρεῖν: καὶ οὐκ ἰσχύει, ὑπὸ τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων νικώμενος φύσεως. Μαρτυρῶ γὰρ αὐτοῖς, φησὶν, ὅτι ζῆλον Θεοῦ ἔχουσιν, ἀλλ' οὐ κατ' ἐπίγνωσιν. Οὐκοῦν συγγνώμης ταῦτα, οὐ κατηγορίας ἄξια. Εἰ μὴ γὰρ δι' ἄνθρωπόν εἰσιν ἀπεσχισμένοι, ἀλλὰ διὰ ζῆλον, ἐλεεῖσθαι μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς, ἢ κολάζεσθαι δίκαιον. Ἀλλ' ὅρα πῶς σοφῶς καὶ ἐχαρίσατο τῷ ῥήματι, καὶ ἔδειξεν αὐτῶν τὴν ἄκαιρον φιλονεικίαν. Ἀγνοοῦντες γὰρ, φησὶ, τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ δικαιοσύνην. Πάλιν τὸ ῥῆμα συγγνώμης: ἀλλὰ τὸ ἑξῆς κατηγορίας ἐπιτεταμένης, καὶ πᾶσαν ἀναιρούσης ἀπολογίαν. Καὶ τὴν ἰδίαν γὰρ, φησὶ, δικαιοσύνην ζητοῦντες στῆσαι, τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐχ ὑπετάγησαν. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε, δεικνὺς ὅτι ἀπὸ φιλονεικίας καὶ φιλαρχίας μᾶλλον, ἢ ἐξ ἀγνοίας ἐπλανήθησαν, καὶ ὅτι οὐδ' αὐτὴν ταύτην τὴν δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν νομίμων ἔστησαν: τὸ γὰρ εἰπεῖν, Ζητοῦντες στῆσαι, τοῦτό ἐστιν ἐμφαίνοντος. Καὶ σαφῶς μὲν αὐτὸ οὐ τέθεικεν: οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι ἑκατέρας τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἐξέπεσον: ᾐνίξατο δὲ αὐτὸ συνετῶς σφόδρα καὶ μετὰ τῆς προσηκούσης αὐτῷ σοφίας. Εἰ γὰρ ἐκείνην ἔτι ζητοῦσι στῆσαι, εὔδηλον ὅτι οὐκ ἔστησαν. Εἰ ταύτῃ οὐχ ὑπετάγησαν, καὶ ταύτης ἐξέπεσον. Ἰδίαν δὲ δικαιοσύνην αὐτὴν καλεῖ, ἢ διὰ τὸ μηκέτι τὸν νόμον ἰσχύειν, ἢ διὰ τὸ πόνων εἶναι καὶ ἱδρώτων: ταύτην δὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐκ πίστεως, διὰ τὸ ὁλόκληρον αὐτὴν ἐκ τῆς ἄνωθεν εἶναι χάριτος, καὶ οὐχὶ πόνοις, ἀλλὰ Θεοῦ δικαιοῦσθαι δωρεᾷ. Ἀλλ' οἱ ἀεὶ τῷ Πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ ἀντιπίπτοντες, φιλονεικοῦντες διὰ τοῦ νόμου δικαιωθῆναι, οὐ προσῆλθον τῇ πίστει: μὴ προσελθόντες δὲ τῇ πίστει, μηδὲ λαβόντες τὴν ἐξ αὐτῆς δικαιοσύνην, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου μὴ δυνηθέντες δικαιωθῆναι, πάντοθεν ἐξέπεσον. Τέλος γὰρ νόμου Χριστὸς εἰς δικαιοσύνην παντὶ τῷ πιστεύοντι. Ὅρα Παύλου σύνεσιν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπε δικαιοσύνην καὶ δικαιοσύνην, ἵνα μὴ δόξωσιν οἱ πιστεύσαντες ἐξ Ἰουδαίων τὴν μὲν ἔχειν, τῆς δὲ ἀπεστερῆσθαι, καὶ παρανομίας κρίνεσθαι: καὶ γὰρ καὶ τούτους οὐχ ἧττον δεδοικέναι ἐχρῆν ἔτι νεήλυδας ὄντας: μηδὲ Ἰουδαῖοι πάλιν προσδοκήσωσιν αὐτὴν κατορθοῦν, καὶ εἴπωσιν, ὅτι Εἰ καὶ μὴ νῦν ἐπληρώσαμεν, ἀλλὰ πάντως πληρώσομεν: ὅρα τί κατασκευάζει. Δείκνυσιν, ὅτι μία ἐστὶν ἡ δικαιοσύνη, καὶ ἐκείνη εἰς ταύτην ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται, καὶ ὅτι ὁ μὲν ταύτην ἑλόμενος τὴν διὰ πίστεως, κἀκείνην ἐπλήρωσεν: ὁ δὲ ταύτην ἀτιμάσας, κἀκείνης μετὰ ταύτης ἐξέπεσεν. Εἰ γὰρ τοῦ νόμου τέλος ὁ Χριστὸς, ὁ τὸν Χριστὸν οὐκ ἔχων, κἂν ἐκείνην δοκῇ ἔχειν, οὐκ ἔχει: ὁ δὲ τὸν Χριστὸν ἔχων, κἂν μὴ ᾖ κατωρθωκὼς τὸν νόμον, τὸ πᾶν εἴληφε. Καὶ γὰρ τέλος ἰατρικῆς ὑγεία. Ὥσπερ οὖν ὁ δυνάμενος ὑγιῆ ποιεῖν, κἂν μὴ τὴν ἰατρικὴν ἔχῃ, τὸ πᾶν ἔχει: ὁ δὲ μὴ εἰδὼς θεραπεύειν, κἂν μετιέναι δοκῇ τὴν τέχνην, τοῦ παντὸς ἐξέπεσεν: οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῆς πίστεως, ὁ μὲν ταύτην ἔχων, καὶ τὸ ἐκείνου τέλος ἔχει: ὁ δὲ ταύτης ἔξω ὢν, ἀμφοτέρων ἐστὶν ἀλλότριος. Τί γὰρ ἐβούλετο ὁ νόμος; Δίκαιον ποιῆσαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἴσχυσεν: οὐδεὶς γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐπλήρωσε. Τοῦτο οὖν τέλος ἦν τοῦ νόμου, καὶ εἰς τοῦτο πάντα ἔβλεπε, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πάντα ἐγένετο, καὶ αἱ ἑορταὶ καὶ αἱ ἐντολαὶ καὶ αἱ θυσίαι καὶ τὸ λοιπὰ πάντα, ἵνα δικαιωθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο τὸ τέλος ἤνυσεν ὁ Χριστὸς μειζόνως διὰ τῆς πίστεως. Μὴ τοίνυν φοβηθῇς, φησὶν, ὡς τὸν νόμον παραβαίνων, ἐπειδὴ τῇ πίστει προσῆλθες: τότε γὰρ αὐτὸν παραβαίνεις, ὅτε δι' αὐτὸν τῷ Χριστῷ μὴ πιστεύσῃς: ὡς, ἂν πιστεύσῃς αὐτῷ, κἀκεῖνον ἐπλήρωσας, καὶ πολλῷ πλέον ἢ ἐκέλευσε: πολλῷ γὰρ μείζονα δικαιοσύνην ἔλαβες. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ ταῦτα ἀπόφασις ἦν, ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν πάλιν αὐτὰ πιστοῦται. Μωϋσῆς γράφει, φησὶ, τὴν ἐκ τοῦ νόμου δικαιοσύνην. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστι: Μωϋσῆς δείκνυσιν ἡμῖν τὴν ἐκ τοῦ νόμου δικαιοσύνην, ὁποία τίς ἐστι καὶ ποταπή. Ποία τοίνυν, καὶ πόθεν συνίσταται; Ἀπὸ τοῦ πληρωθῆναι τὰς ἐντολάς. Ὁ ποιήσας αὐτὰ, φησὶ, ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς. Καὶ ἄλλως οὐκ ἔνι δίκαιον γενέσθαι ἐν νόμῳ, ἀλλ' ἢ πάντα πληρώσαντα: τοῦτο δὲ οὐδενὶ γέγονε δυνατόν. βʹ. Οὐκοῦν διαπέπτωκεν ἡ δικαιοσύνη αὕτη. Ἀλλ' εἰπὲ καὶ τὴν ἑτέραν ἡμῖν, ὦ Παῦλε, δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐκ τῆς χάριτος. Τίς οὖν ἐστιν αὕτη, καὶ πόθεν συνίσταται; Ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ σαφῶς αὐτὴν ὑπογράφοντος. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐκείνην ἤλεγξε, μεταβαίνει λοιπὸν ἐπὶ ταύτην, καί φησιν: Ἡ δὲ ἐκ πίστεως δικαιοσύνη οὕτω λέγει: Μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου: Τίς ἀναβήσεται εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν; τοῦτ' ἔστι Χριστὸν καταγαγεῖν: ἢ τίς καταβήσεται εἰς τὴν ἄβυσσον; τοῦτ' ἔστι Χριστὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναγαγεῖν. Ἀλλὰ τί λέγει; Ἐγγύς σου τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστιν, ἐν τῷ στόματί σου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου: τοῦτ' ἔστι τὸ ῥῆμα τῆς πίστεως ὃ κηρύσσομεν, ὅτι ἐὰν ὁμολογήσῃς ἐν τῷ στόματί σου Κύριον Ἰησοῦν, καὶ πιστεύσῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου, ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν, σωθήσῃ. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ λέγωσιν Ἰουδαῖοι: Πῶς εὗρον μείζονα δικαιοσύνην οἱ τὴν ἐλάττω μὴ εὑρόντες; λέγει λογισμὸν ἀναντίῤῥητον, ὅτι κουφοτέρα αὕτη ἡ ὁδὸς ἐκείνης. Αὕτη μὲν γὰρ πλήρωσιν ἀπαιτεῖ πάντων: Ὅταν γὰρ ποιήσῃς πάντα, τότε ζήσεις: ἡ δὲ ἐκ πίστεως δικαιοσύνη οὐ τοῦτο λέγει, ἀλλὰ τί; Ἐὰν ὁμολογήσῃς ἐν τῷ στόματί σου Κύριον Ἰησοῦν, καὶ πιστεύσῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ, ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν, σωθήσῃ. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ πάλιν αὐτὴν εὐκαταφρόνητον ποιεῖν τῷ εὔκολον καὶ εὐτελῆ δεικνύναι, ὅρα πῶς πλατύνει τὸν λόγον τὸν περὶ αὐτῆς. Οὐ γὰρ εὐθέως ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἦλθεν, ὅπερ εἰρήκαμεν, ἀλλὰ τί φησιν; Ἡ δὲ ἐκ πίστεως δικαιοσύνη οὕτω λέγει: Μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου: Τίς ἀναβήσεται εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν; τοῦτ' ἔστι Χριστὸν καταγαγεῖν: ἢ τίς καταβήσεται εἰς τὴν ἄβυσσον; τοῦτ' ἔστι Χριστὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναγαγεῖν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τῇ ἀρετῇ διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἀνθίσταται ῥᾳθυμία καὶ ἔκλυσις, τοὺς πόνους ἐκλύουσα, καὶ δεῖ σφόδρα ἀγρυπνούσης ψυχῆς, ὥστε μὴ εἴκειν: οὕτω καὶ ὅταν πιστεῦσαι δέοι, εἰσὶ λογισμοὶ θορυβοῦντες καὶ λυμαινόμενοι τὴν τῶν πολλῶν διάνοιαν, καὶ δεῖ νεανικωτέρας ψυχῆς, ὥστε αὐτοὺς διακρούσασθαι. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ αὐτοὺς τούτους εἰς μέσον ἄγει: καὶ ὅπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ ἐποίησε, τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα ποιεῖ. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖ δείξας αὐτὸν ἀπὸ πίστεως δικαιωθέντα, ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ μάτην καὶ εἰκῆ τοσοῦτον εἰληφέναι στέφανον, ὡς οὐδὲν τοῦ πράγματος ὄντος, ἐπαίρων τὴν τῆς πίστεως φύσιν, φησίν: Ὃς παρ' ἐλπίδα ἐπ' ἐλπίδι ἐπίστευσεν εἰς τὸ γενέσθαι αὐτὸν πατέρα πολλῶν ἐθνῶν, καὶ μὴ ἀσθενήσας τῇ πίστει, οὐ κατενόησε μὲν τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σῶμα νενεκρωμένον, καὶ τὴν νέκρωσιν τῆς μήτρας Σάῤῥας: εἰς δὲ τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ διεκρίθη τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ, ἀλλ' ἐνεδυναμώθη τῇ πίστει, δοὺς δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ πληροφορηθεὶς, ὅτι ὃ ἐπήγγελται, δυνατός ἐστι καὶ ποιῆσαι. Καὶ ἔδειξεν, ὅτι καὶ δυνάμεως χρεία καὶ ψυχῆς ὑψηλῆς τὰ ὑπὲρ ἐλπίδα δεχομένης, καὶ μὴ προσπταιούσης τοῖς ὁρωμένοις. Τοῦτο τοίνυν καὶ ἐνταῦθα ποιεῖ, καὶ δείκνυσιν ὅτι φιλοσόφου διανοίας χρεία καὶ γνώμης οὐρανομήκους τινὸς καὶ μεγάλης. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Μὴ εἴπῃς, ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ, Μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου: τουτέστι, Μηδὲ ἐννοήσῃς ἀμφιβάλλειν καὶ εἰπεῖν κατὰ σεαυτόν: Καὶ πῶς τοῦτο δυνατόν; Ὁρᾷς, ὅτι τοῦτο μάλιστα πίστεως ἴδιον, καὶ τὴν κάτω πᾶσαν ἀκολουθίαν ἀφέντας τὸ ὑπὲρ φύσιν ἐπιζητεῖν, καὶ λογισμῶν ἀσθένειαν ἐκβάλλοντας, ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ δυνάμεως καὶ ἅπαντα παραδέχεσθαι; Καίτοι γε οὐ ταῦτα ἔλεγον Ἰουδαῖοι μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅτι οὐ δυνατὸν ἐκ πίστεως δικαιωθῆναι. Ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ἐφ' ἕτερον αὐτὸ ἄγει τὸ γεγενημένον, ἵνα, ὅταν δείξῃ μέγα οὕτως ὂν, ὡς καὶ μετὰ τὸ γεγενῆσθαι πίστεως αὐτὸ δεῖσθαι, δικαίως δόξῃ τούτοις τὸν στέφανον πλέκειν. Καὶ κέχρηται ῥήμασι τοῖς ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ κειμένοις, σπουδάζων ἀεὶ τὰ τῆς καινοτομίας καὶ τῆς πρὸς ἐκείνην μάχης ἐγκλήματα διαφεύγειν. Τοῦτο γὰρ, ὃ περὶ πίστεως ἐνταῦθά φησι, περὶ τῆς ἐντολῆς αὐτοῖς λέγει Μωϋσῆς, δεικνὺς ὅτι πολλῆς ἀπήλαυσαν παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῆς εὐεργεσίας. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, φησὶν, ὅτι εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀναβῆναι δεῖ καὶ πέλαγος διαβῆναι μέγα, καὶ τότε λαβεῖν τὰς ἐντολάς: ἀλλὰ τὰ οὕτω μεγάλα καὶ ὑπέρογκα, εὔκολα ἡμῖν ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ἐγγύς σου τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστι; Τουτέστιν, εὔκολόν ἐστιν: ἐν γὰρ τῇ διανοίᾳ σου καὶ τῇ γλώσσῃ ἡ σωτηρία. Οὐ μακρὰν ὁδὸν βαδίσαντας, οὐδὲ πέλαγος πλεύσαντας, οὐδὲ ὄρη παρελθόντας, οὕτω δεῖ σωθῆναι: ἀλλ' εἰ μηδὲ αὐτὸν βουληθῇς ὑπερβῆναι τὸν οὐδὸν, ἔξεστί σοι καὶ οἴκοι καθημένῳ σωθῆναι: ἐν γὰρ τῷ στόματί σου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ἐστὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ἡ ἀφορμή. Εἶτα καὶ ἑτέρωθεν εὔκολον ποιῶν τὸν τῆς πίστεως λόγον, φησὶν, ὅτι Ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν. Ἐννόησον γὰρ τὸ ἀξίωμα τοῦ ποιήσαντος, καὶ οὐκέτι ὄψεις δυσκολίαν οὐδεμίαν ἐν τῷ πράγματι. Οὐκοῦν, ὅτι μὲν οὖν Κύριος, ἐκ τῆς ἀναστάσεως δῆλον: ὃ καὶ ἀρχόμενος τῆς Ἐπιστολῆς ἔλεγε: Τοῦ ὁρισθέντος Υἱοῦ Θεοῦ ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν: ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἡ ἀνάστασις εὔκολος, ἐκ τῆς τοῦ ποιήσαντος ἰσχύος ἀποδέδεικται καὶ τοῖς σφόδρα διαπιστοῦσιν. Ὅταν οὖν καὶ μείζων ἡ δικαιοσύνη καὶ κούφη καὶ εὐπαράδεκτος, καὶ ἄλλως δικαιωθῆναι μὴ ᾖ: οὐκ ἐσχάτης φιλονεικίας τὸ τοῖς ἀδυνάτοις ἐπιχειρεῖν, τὰ εὔκολα ἀφέντας καὶ ῥᾴδια; Οὐ γὰρ ἔχοιεν ἂν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι ὡς φορτικὸν τὸ πρᾶγμα παρῃτήσαντο. γʹ. Εἶδες πῶς πάσης αὐτοὺς ἀποστερεῖ συγγνώμης; Ποίας γὰρ ἂν εἶεν ἀπολογίας ἄξιοι, τὸ μὲν φορτικώτερον ἑλόμενοι καὶ ἀνήνυτον, παραδραμόντες δὲ τὸ κοῦφον καὶ δυνάμενον αὐτοὺς σῶσαι, κἀκεῖνα παρασχεῖν, ἅπερ ὁ νόμος οὐκ ἴσχυσε; Ταῦτα γὰρ οὐδὲν ἕτερον, ἀλλ' ἢ φιλονεικούσης γνώμης ἐστὶ μόνον, καὶ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν στασιαζούσης. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ νόμος ἐπαχθὴς, ἡ δὲ χάρις ῥᾳδία: ὁ νόμος, κἂν μυρία φιλονεικήσωσιν, οὐ σώζει: ἡ χάρις καὶ τὴν ἐξ ἑαυτῆς καὶ τὴν ἐκ τοῦ νόμου παρέχει δικαιοσύνην. Τίς οὖν αὐτοὺς ἐξαιρήσεται λόγος, πρὸς μὲν ταύτην φιλονείκως διακειμένους, ἐκείνου δὲ ἀντεχομένους εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην; Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ μέγα εἴρηκε, πάλιν ἀπὸ τῆς Γραφῆς αὐτὸ πιστοῦται. Λέγει γὰρ ἡ Γραφὴ, φησί: Πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων ἐπ' αὐτῷ, οὐ καταισχυνθήσεται. Οὐ γάρ ἐστι διαστολὴ Ἰουδαίου τε καὶ Ἕλληνος: ὁ γὰρ αὐτὸς Κύριος πάντων, πλουτῶν εἰς πάντα καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους αὐτόν. Πᾶς γὰρ, ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου, σωθήσεται. Εἶδες πῶς καὶ τῆς πίστεως καὶ τῆς ὁμολογίας παράγει μαρτυρίας; Τὸ μὲν γὰρ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων, τὴν πίστιν ἐδήλωσε: τὸ δὲ εἰπεῖν, Ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται, τὴν ὁμολογίαν ἐνέφηνεν. Εἶτα πάλιν τὸ κοινὸν τῆς χάριτος ἀνακηρύττων, καὶ τὸ ἐκείνων φύσημα καταστέλλων, ἃ διὰ πολλῶν ἔμπροσθεν ἀπέδειξε, ταῦτα ἐν βραχέσιν ἀναμιμνήσκει, πάλιν δεικνὺς, ὅτι οὐδὲν τὸ μέσον τοῦ Ἰουδαίου καὶ τοῦ ἀκροβύστου. Οὐ γάρ ἐστι διαστολὴ, φησὶν, Ἰουδαίου τε καὶ Ἕλληνος. Καὶ ὃ περὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς εἴρηκεν ἐν τῇ περὶ τούτου ἀποδείξει, τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγει. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτὸ κατασκευάζων ἔλεγεν: Ἢ Ἰουδαίων ὁ Θεὸς μόνον; οὐχὶ καὶ ἐθνῶν; ναὶ καὶ ἐθνῶν, ἐπείπερ καὶ εἷς ὁ Θεός: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθά φησιν: Ὁ γὰρ αὐτὸς Κύριος πάντων, πλουτῶν εἰς πάντα καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους αὐτόν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς δείκνυσιν αὐτὸν σφοδρῶς ἐφιέμενον ἡμῶν τῆς σωτηρίας; εἴ γε καὶ πλοῦτον οἰκεῖον ἡγεῖται ταύτην: ὥστε μηδὲ νῦν αὐτοὺς ἀπογνῶναι μηδὲ νομίσαι, εἴ γε βουληθεῖεν μετανοῆσαι, ἀσυγγνώστους εἶναι. Ὁ γὰρ πλοῦτον οἰκεῖον ἡγούμενος τὸ σώζειν ἡμᾶς, οὐ παύσεται πλουτῶν: ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῦτο πλοῦτος τὸ εἰς πάντας ἐκχεῖσθαι τὴν δωρεάν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο μάλιστα αὐτοὺς ἐθορύβει, τὸ προεδρίας ἀπολαύοντας ὑπὲρ τὴν οἰκουμένην ἅπασαν, νῦν ἐκ τῆς πίστεως ἀπὸ τῶν θρόνων καταβιβάζεσθαι ἐκείνων, καὶ μηδὲν πλέον τῶν λοιπῶν ἔχειν: συνεχῶς τοὺς προφήτας εἰσάγει ταύτην ἐπᾴδοντας αὐτοῖς τὴν ἰσοτιμίαν. Πᾶς γὰρ ὁ πιστεύων, φησὶν, ἐπ' αὐτῷ, οὐ καταισχυνθήσεται: καὶ, Πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου, σωθήσεται. Καὶ πανταχοῦ τὸ Πᾶς τέθειται, ἵνα μὴ ἀντιλέγωσιν. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν κενοδοξίας χεῖρον: αὕτη γὰρ, αὕτη μάλιστα πάντων αὐτοὺς ἀπώλεσε. Διὸ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς αὐτοῖς ἔλεγε: Πῶς δύνασθε πιστεύειν, δόξαν παρ' ἀλλήλων λαμβάνοντες, καὶ τὴν δόξαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ μόνου Θεοῦ οὐ ζητοῦντες; Αὕτη μετὰ τῆς ἀπωλείας πολὺν καὶ τὸν γέλωτα ἐπάγει, καὶ πρὸ τῆς κολάσεως τῆς ἐκεῖ, μυρίοις ἐνταῦθα περιβάλλει δεινοῖς. Καὶ εἰ δοκεῖ, ἵνα τοῦτο μάθῃς, τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἀφέντες τέως, ὧν ἡμᾶς ἐξάγει, καὶ τὴν γέενναν, εἰς ἣν ἐμβάλλει, τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐντεῦθεν ἐξετάσωμεν ἅπαν. Τί τοίνυν ταύτης δαπανηρότερον; Τί δὲ αἰσχρότερον γένοιτ' ἂν καὶ δυσκολώτερον; Ὅτι μὲν γὰρ δαπανηρὸν τὸ νόσημα τοῦτο, δῆλον ἐκ τῶν ἀναλισκόντων εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην ἐν θεάτροις καὶ ἱπποδρομίαις καὶ ἄλλαις τοιαύταις ἀκαίροις φιλοτιμίαις: ἐκ τῶν τὰς οἰκίας οἰκοδομούντων τὰς λαμπρὰς καὶ πολυτελεῖς, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα τὰ εἰς περιουσίαν κατασκευαζόντων ἀνόνητον, ἅπερ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπελθεῖν τῷ λόγῳ νῦν. Ὅτι δὲ δαπανηρὸν ὄντα καὶ πολυτελῆ τὸν οὕτω νοσοῦντα, καὶ ἅρπαγα καὶ πλεονέκτην εἶναι ἀνάγκη, παντί που δῆλον. Ἵνα γὰρ ἔχῃ τῷ θηρίῳ παρέχειν τροφὴν, εἰς τὴν τῶν ἄλλων οὐσίαν τὰς ἑαυτοῦ ῥίπτει χεῖρας. Καὶ τί λέγω τὰς οὐσίας; Οὐδὲ γὰρ χρήματα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ψυχὰς κατεσθίει τουτὶ τὸ πῦρ, καὶ οὐ τὸν παρόντα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν μέλλοντα ἐργάζεται θάνατον. Μήτηρ γὰρ γεέννης κενοδοξία, καὶ τὸ πῦρ ἀνάπτει σφοδρῶς ἐκεῖνο, καὶ τὸν σκώληκα τὸν ἰοβόλον. Ἴδοι δ' ἄν τις αὐτὴν καὶ ἐν νεκροῖς κρατοῦσαν, οὗ τί χεῖρον γένοιτ' ἄν; Τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἄλλα πάντα πάθη καταλύεται τῷ θανάτῳ: αὕτη δὲ καὶ μετὰ τελευτὴν βιάζεται, καὶ φιλονεικεῖ τὴν αὐτῆς ἐπιδείκνυσθαι φύσιν ἐν τῷ τεθνηκότι σώματι. Ὅταν γὰρ σήματα λαμπρὰ καὶ πᾶσαν αὐτῶν ἀναλίσκοντα τὴν οὐσίαν ἐπισκήπτωσι τελευτῶντες αὑτοῖς ἀνιστᾷν, καὶ ἐν ταφῇ ἀσωτίαν πολλὴν σπουδάζωσι προαποτίθεσθαι, καὶ ζῶντες μὲν ὑπὲρ ὀβολοῦ καὶ ἄρτου ἑνὸς ὑβρίζωσι τοὺς προσιόντας πένητας, τελευτῶντες δὲ δαψιλῆ τῷ σκώληκι παρέχωσι τράπεζαν, ποίαν ἑτέραν ζητεῖς ὑπερβολὴν τῆς τοῦ νοσήματος τυραννίδος; Ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ ἔρωτες ἄτοποι τίκτονται τοῦ δεινοῦ: πολλοὺς γὰρ οὐχ ἡ τῆς ὄψεως ὥρα, οὐδὲ ἡ τῆς μίξεως ἐπιθυμία, ἀλλὰ τὸ βούλεσθαι καυχᾶσθαι, ὅτι Τὴν δεῖνα ὑπεσκέλισα, καὶ εἰς μοιχείαν ἐνέβαλον. δʹ. Καὶ τί δεῖ τὰ ἄλλα λέγειν, ὅσα ἐντεῦθεν βλαστάνει κακά; Μυρίων γὰρ ἂν ἑλοίμην γενέσθαι βαρβάρων δοῦλος, ἢ κενοδοξίας ἅπαξ: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπιτάττουσιν ἐκεῖνοι τοιαῦτα τοῖς αἰχμαλώτοις, οἷα αὕτη κελεύει τοῖς ὑπηκόοις. Πάντων γὰρ ἔσο δοῦλος, φησὶ, κἂν λαμπρότεροί σου, κἂν εὐτελέστεροι τύχωσιν ὄντες: καταφρόνει ψυχῆς, ἀμέλησον ἀρετῆς, καταγέλασον ἐλευθερίας, κατάθυσόν σου τὴν σωτηρίαν: κἂν ἀγαθόν τι ποιήσῃς, μὴ πρὸς ἀρέσκειαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἐπίδειξιν τῶν πολλῶν, ἵνα ἀπολέσῃς τὸν ἐπὶ τούτοις στέφανον: κἂν ἐλεῇς, κἂν νηστεύῃς, τὸν μὲν πόνον ὑπόστηθι, τὸ δὲ κέρδος ἀπολέσαι σπούδασον. Τί τούτων τῶν ἐπιταγμάτων ὠμότερον γένοιτ' ἄν; Ἐντεῦθεν καὶ βασκανία τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔχει, ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ἀπόνοια, ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ τῶν κακῶν ἡ φιλαργυρία. Ὁ γὰρ ἐσμὸς τῶν οἰκετῶν, καὶ οἱ χρυσοφοροῦντες βάρβαροι, καὶ οἱ παράσιτοι, καὶ οἱ κόλακες, καὶ τὰ ἀργυρένδετα ὀχήματα, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τὰ τούτων καταγελαστότερα, οὐχ ἡδονῆς ἕνεκεν οὐδὲ χρείας τινὸς γίνεται, ἀλλ' ἢ κενοδοξίας μόνης. Ναὶ, φησίν: ἀλλ' ὅτι μὲν κακὸν τουτὶ τὸ πάθος, παντί που δῆλόν ἐστι: πῶς δ' ἂν αὐτὸ διαφύγοιμεν, τοῦτο εἰπεῖν χρή. Μάλιστα μὲν, ἂν πείσῃς σαυτὸν καλῶς, ὅτι χαλεπὸν τουτὶ τὸ νόσημα, ἀρχὴν λήψῃ διορθώσεως ἀρίστην: ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ νοσῶν ταχέως ἐπιζητήσει τὸν ἰατρὸν, ἂν τοῦτο μάθῃ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων, ὅτι νοσεῖ. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἑτέραν ἐπιζητεῖς ὁδὸν τῆς ἐντεῦθεν φυγῆς, ὅρα πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν διηνεκῶς, καὶ ἀρκοῦ τῇ παρ' αὐτοῦ δόξῃ. Κἂν ἴδῃς τὸ πάθος γαργαλίζον σε καὶ διεγεῖρον εἰπεῖν τοῖς συνδούλοις τὰ κατωρθωμένα σοι, λογισάμενος πάλιν, ὅτι μετὰ τὸ εἰπεῖν οὐδὲν γίνεται κέρδος, σβέσον τὴν ἄτοπον ἐπιθυμίαν, καὶ πρὸς τὴν ψυχήν σου εἰπέ: Ἰδοὺ τοσοῦτον ὠδῖνες χρόνον εἰπεῖν σου τὰ κατορθώματα, καὶ οὐκ ἐκαρτέρησας σιγῇ κατασχεῖν, ἀλλ' εἰς πάντας ἐξήνεγκας: τί οὖν σοι πλέον γέγονεν ἐντεῦθεν; Πλέον μὲν οὐδὲν, ζημία δὲ ἐσχάτη, καὶ τὸ κενῶσαι ἅπαντα τὰ μετὰ πολλοῦ συλλεγέντα πόνου. Μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο κἀκεῖνο ἐννόησον, ὅτι διεφθαρμένη τῶν πολλῶν ἡ ψῆφος καὶ ἡ κρίσις ἐστὶ, καὶ οὐ διεφθαρμένη μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ ταχέως μαραίνεται. Κἂν γὰρ πρὸς ὥραν θαυμάσωσι, τοῦ καιροῦ παρελθόντος, πάντων εἰσὶν ἐπιλελησμένοι καὶ τὸν παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ σοι δεδομένον στέφανον ἥρπασαν, καὶ τὸν παρ' ἑαυτῶν οὐκ ἴσχυσάν σοι διατηρῆσαι. Καίτοι καὶ εἰ οὗτος ἔμενε, πολλῆς ἀθλιότητος ἦν ἐκείνου τοῦτον ἀλλάξασθαι: ὅταν δὲ καὶ οὗτος διαῤῥέῃ, ποίαν ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν, ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ μένοντος τὸν μένοντα προδιδόντες, ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν ὀλίγων εὐφημίας τοσαῦτα ἀπολλύντες ἀγαθά; Καίτοι εἰ καὶ πολλοὶ οἱ ἐπαινοῦντες εἶεν, καὶ οὗτοι τοῦ ταλανίζεσθαι ἄξιοι, καὶ τότε μᾶλλον, ὅταν πλείους οἱ τοῦτο ποιοῦντες ὦσιν. Εἰ δὲ θαυμάζεις τὸ εἰρημένον, ἄκουσον τοῦ Χριστοῦ ταῦτα ψηφιζομένου: Οὐαὶ γὰρ ὑμῖν, φησὶν, ὅταν καλῶς ὑμᾶς εἴπωσι πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι. Καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Εἰ γὰρ ἑκάστης τέχνης τοὺς δημιουργοὺς δεῖ ζητεῖν κριτὰς, πῶς τῆς ἀρετῆς τὴν δοκιμασίαν τοῖς πολλοῖς ἐπιτρέπεις, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ πρὸ πάντων ἐκείνῳ τῷ μάλιστα πάντων εἰδότι, καὶ συγκροτῆσαι καὶ στεφανῶσαι δυναμένῳ; Τοῦτο τοίνυν τὸ ῥῆμα ἐγγράψωμεν καὶ τοίχοις καὶ θύραις καὶ διανοίᾳ, καὶ συνεχῶς λέγωμεν πρὸς ἑαυτούς: Οὐαὶ ἡμῖν, ὅταν καλῶς εἴπωσιν ἡμᾶς πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτοὶ οἱ λέγοντες, ὕστερον διαβάλλουσιν ὡς κενόδοξον καὶ φιλότιμον καὶ ἐρῶντα τῆς παρ' αὐτῶν εὐφημίας. Ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁ Θεὸς οὕτως, ἀλλ' ὅταν ἴδῃ σε ἐρῶντα τῆς παρ' αὐτοῦ δόξης, τότε σε μάλιστα ἐπαινέσεται καὶ θαυμάσεται καὶ ἀνακηρύξει. Ὁ δὲ ἄνθρωπος οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ λαβών σε δοῦλον ἀντ' ἐλευθέρου, καὶ διὰ ψιλοῦ ῥήματος πολλάκις σοι χαρισάμενος ἔπαινον ψευδῆ. ἥρπασεν ἀπὸ σοῦ μισθὸν ἀληθῆ, καὶ ἀργυρωνήτου μᾶλλον ὑπέταξεν. Ἐκείνους μὲν γὰρ μετὰ τὰ ἐπιτάγματα ἔχουσιν ὑπακούοντας οἱ δεσπόται, σὺ δὲ καὶ χωρὶς ἐπιταγμάτων δουλεύεις. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀναμένεις ἀκοῦσαί τι παρ' αὐτῶν, ἀλλ' ἂν γνῷς μόνον δι' ὧν αὐτοῖς χαριῇ, οὐδὲ ἐπιταττόντων αὐτῶν πάντα ποιεῖς. Πόσης οὖν οὐκ ἂν εἴημεν ἄξιοι γεέννης τοὺς μὲν μοχθηροὺς τέρποντες, καὶ πρὶν ἐπιτάξουσι θεραπεύοντες, τοῦ δὲ Θεοῦ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἐγκελευομένου καὶ παραινοῦντος, μηδὲ οὕτως ἀκούοντες; Καίτοι γε εἰ δόξης καὶ ἐπαίνων ἐρᾷς, φεῦγε τὸν παρ' ἀνθρώπων ἔπαινον, καὶ τότε ἐπιτεύξῃ δόξης: ἀποστράφηθι τὰς εὐφημίας, καὶ τότε μυρίων ἀπολαύσεις τῶν ἐπαίνων καὶ παρὰ Θεῷ, καὶ παρ' ἀνθρώποις. Οὐδένα γὰρ οὕτω δοξάζειν εἰώθαμεν ὡς τὸν ὑπερορῶντα δόξης, οὐδὲ ἐπαινεῖν καὶ θαυμάζειν ὡς τὸν καταφρονοῦντα τοῦ θαυμάζεσθαι καὶ ἐπαινεῖσθαι: εἰ δὲ ἡμεῖς, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ τῶν ὅλων Θεός. Ὅταν δὲ ἐκεῖνός σε δοξάζῃ καὶ ἐπαινῇ, τίς σου μακαριστότερος γένοιτ' ἄν; Καὶ γὰρ ὅσον δόξης καὶ ἀτιμίας τὸ μέσον, τοσοῦτον τῆς ἄνωθεν δόξης πρὸς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην τὸ διάφορον: μᾶλλον δὲ πολλῷ πλέον καὶ ἄπειρον. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ μηδενὶ παραβαλλομένη αὕτη αἰσχρά τίς ἐστι καὶ δυσειδὴς, ὅταν καὶ πρὸς ἑτέραν αὐτὴν ἀντεξετάζωμεν, ἐννόησον ὅσον φανεῖται τὸ αἶσχος. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἑταιριζομένη γυνὴ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ στέγους ἑστῶσα πᾶσαν ἑαυτὴν ἐκδίδωσιν, οὕτω καὶ οἱ κενοδοξίας δοῦλοι: μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐκείνης αἰσχίους οὗτοι. Ἐκεῖναι μὲν γὰρ πολλαχοῦ κατεφρόνησάν τινων ἐρασθέντων αὐτῶν: σὺ δὲ ἅπασι σαυτὸν προὔθηκας, καὶ δραπέταις καὶ λῃσταῖς καὶ βαλαντιοτόμοις. Ἀπὸ γὰρ τούτων καὶ τῶν τοιούτων τὰ ἐπαινοῦντα ὑμᾶς συνέστηκε θέατρα: καὶ οὓς καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ὄντας οὐδενὸς ἀξίους εἶναι νομίζεις, τούτους συλλεγέντας τῆς σεαυτοῦ προτιμᾷς σωτηρίας, καὶ πάντων ἐκείνων ἀτιμότερον σαυτὸν ἀποφαίνεις. εʹ. Πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἀτιμότερος ὁ τῆς παρ' ἐκείνων δεόμενος εὐφημίας, καὶ μὴ νομίζων ἀρκεῖν σεαυτῷ, εἰ μὴ τὴν παρ' ἑτέρων δόξαν λάβοις; Οὐκ ἐννοεῖς, εἰπέ μοι, μετὰ τῶν εἰρημένων, ὅτι περίβλεπτος μὲν ὢν καὶ πᾶσι κατάδηλος, ἂν ἁμάρτῃς, μυρίους ἔχεις κατηγόρους: ἄγνωστος δὲ, κἂν ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ μενεῖς; Ναὶ, φησίν: ἀλλὰ καὶ κατορθῶν μυρίους ἔχω τοὺς θαυμαστάς. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ δεινὸν, ὅτι οὐ μόνον ἁμαρτάνοντά σε, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατορθοῦντα βλάπτει τῆς κενοδοξίας ἡ νόσος, τότε μὲν μυρίους ὑποσκελίζουσα, νῦν πάντα σου κενοῦσα τὸν μισθόν. Δεινὸν μὲν οὖν, καὶ πάσης ἀτιμίας ἀνάμεστον, τὸ καὶ ἐν πολιτικοῖς πράγμασι δόξης ἐρᾷν: ὅταν δὲ καὶ ἐν τοῖς πνευματικοῖς τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πάσχῃς, τίς λείπεταί σοι συγγνώμη λοιπὸν, μηδὲ τοσαύτην βουλομένῳ παρασχεῖν τῷ Θεῷ τιμὴν, ὅσην αὐτὸς παρὰ τῶν οἰκετῶν ἔχεις; καὶ γὰρ ὁ δοῦλος πρὸς τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὁρᾷ τοῦ δεσπότου, καὶ ὁ μισθωτὸς πρὸς τὸν τοῦ ἔργου κύριον τὸν μέλλοντα ἀποδιδόναι μισθοὺς, καὶ ὁ μαθητὴς πρὸς τὸν διδάσκαλον: σὺ δὲ τοὐναντίον ἅπαν, τὸν μισθωσάμενόν σε Θεὸν ἀφεὶς καὶ τὸν Δεσπότην, πρὸς τοὺς ὁμοδούλους βλέπεις, καὶ ταῦτα εἰδὼς, ὅτι ὁ μὲν Θεὸς μέμνηται καὶ εἰς τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα τῶν σῶν κατορθωμάτων, ἄνθρωπος δὲ εἰς τὸ παρόν: καὶ ἐν οὐρανῷ τὸ θέατρον ἔχων καθήμενον, τοὺς ἐπὶ γῆς θεατὰς συνάγεις. Καὶ ὁ μὲν ἀθλητὴς ἔνθα ἀγωνίζεται, ἐκεῖ βούλεται εὐδοκιμεῖν: σὺ δὲ ἀγωνιζόμενος ἄνω, κάτω στεφανοῦσθαι σπουδάζεις. Καὶ τί ταύτης χεῖρον γένοιτ' ἂν τῆς ἀνοίας; Ἴδωμεν δὲ, εἰ δοκεῖ, καὶ τοὺς στεφάνους: ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἐξ ἀπονοίας σύγκειται, ὁ δὲ ἐκ τῆς πρὸς ἕτερον βασκανίας, ὁ δὲ ἐξ εἰρωνείας καὶ κολακείας, ὁ δὲ ἀπὸ χρημάτων, ὁ δὲ ἀπὸ δουλοπρεποῦς διανοίας. Καὶ καθάπερ τὰ παιδία τὰ παίζοντα χόρτου στέφανον ἐπιτιθέασιν ἀλλήλοις, καὶ τοῦ στεφανωθέντος οὐκ εἰδότος καταγελῶσιν ὄπισθεν πολλάκις: οὕτω δὴ καὶ νῦν οἱ ἐγκωμιάζοντές σε, καθ' ἑαυτοὺς πολλάκις ἐχλεύασαν, τὸν χόρτον ἡμῖν ἐπιτιθέντες: καὶ εἴθε χόρτον μόνον: νυνὶ δὲ καὶ πολλῆς γέμει βλάβης ὁ στέφανος, καὶ πάντα ἡμῶν ἀπόλλυσι τὰ κατορθώματα. Ἐννοήσας τοίνυν αὐτοῦ τὸ εὐτελὲς, φεῦγε τὴν ζημίαν. Πόσους γὰρ εἶναι βούλει σου τοὺς ἐπαινέτας; ἑκατὸν, ἢ δὶς τοσούτους καὶ τρὶς καὶ τετράκις; μᾶλλον δὲ, εἰ βούλει, τίθει δεκάκις τοσούτους καὶ εἰκοσάκις, καὶ ἔστωσαν δισχίλιοι καὶ τετρακισχίλιοι: εἰ δὲ βούλει, καὶ μυρίοι οἱ κροτοῦντες: ἀλλ' οὐδὲν οὗτοι κολοιῶν κραζόντων διαφέρουσι: μᾶλλον δὲ, ἂν ἐννοήσῃς τὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων θέατρον, καὶ σκωλήκων οὗτοι φανοῦνται εὐτελέστεροι, καὶ ἀράχνης ἀσθενεστέρα αὐτῶν ἡ εὐφημία, καὶ καπνῶν καὶ ὀνειράτων. Ἄκουσον γοῦν πῶς ὁ Παῦλος ὁ ταῦτα διεσκεμμένος ἀκριβῶς, οὐ μόνον αὐτὰ οὐκ ἐπιζητεῖ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπεύχεται, λέγων: Ἐμοὶ δὲ μὴ γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι, εἰ μὴ ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ταύτην τοίνυν καὶ σὺ ζήλωσον τὴν καύχησιν, ἵνα μὴ παροξύνῃς τὸν Δεσπότην. Καὶ γὰρ εἰς τὸν Θεὸν ὑβρίζεις, τοῦτο ποιῶν, οὐχὶ σεαυτὸν μόνον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰ ζωγράφος ὢν μαθητήν τινα εἶχες, εἶτα ἐκεῖνος ἀφεὶς ἐπιδείξασθαί σοι τὰ τῆς τέχνης, τὸν πίνακα ἔξω προτιθεὶς τοῖς παρατηροῦσιν ἁπλῶς, πράως ἂν ἤνεγκας. Εἰ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ὁμοδούλων τοῦτο ὕβρις, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τοῦ Δεσπότου. Εἰ δὲ ἑτέρωθεν βούλει μαθεῖν τοῦ πράγματος καταφρονεῖν, ὑψηλὸς γενοῦ τῇ διανοίᾳ, καταγέλασον τῶν ὁρωμένων, αὔξησον τῆς ἀληθοῦς δόξης τὸν ἔρωτα, ἐμπλήσθητι φρονήματος πνευματικοῦ, εἰπὲ πρὸς τὴν ψυχὴν, ὡς Παῦλος εἶπεν: Οὐκ οἶδας, ὅτι ἀγγέλους κρινοῦμεν; καὶ ἀναστήσας αὐτὴν ἐντεῦθεν, ἐπιτίμησον λοιπὸν καὶ εἰπέ: Ἡ ἀγγέλους κρινοῦσα, ὑπὸ καθαρμάτων κρίνεσθαι βούλει, καὶ μετὰ τῶν ὀρχηστῶν ἐπαινεῖσθαι καὶ μίμων καὶ θηριομάχων καὶ ἡνιόχων; ταύτας γὰρ οὗτοι τὰς εὐφημίας διώκουσιν. Ἀλλὰ σὺ ὑψηλότερον τῆς τούτων κραυγῆς τὸ πτερὸν κατασκεύασον, καὶ ζήλωσον τὸν τῆς ἐρημίας πολίτην Ἰωάννην, καὶ μάθε πῶς ὑπερεώρα πλήθους ἐκεῖνος, καὶ κολακεύοντας ὁρῶν οὐκ ἐπεστρέφετο, ἀλλ' ὁρῶν ἅπαντας τοὺς τὴν Παλαιστίνην οἰκοῦντας περὶ αὐτὸν ἐκκεχυμένους καὶ θαυμάζοντας καὶ ἐκπληττομένους, οὐκ ἐχαυνοῦτο τῇ τοσαύτῃ τιμῇ, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατεξανίστατο αὐτῶν, καὶ ὡς ἑνὶ μειρακίῳ, δήμῳ τοσούτῳ διαλεγόμενος, οὕτως ἐπέπληττε λέγων: Ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν. Καίτοι γε δι' αὐτὸν συνέδραμον, καὶ τὰς πόλεις ἀφῆκαν, ὥστε τὴν ἱερὰν κεφαλὴν ἐκείνην ἰδεῖν: ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲν αὐτῶν τοῦτον ἐξέλυσε: πόῤῥω γὰρ ἦν δόξης, καὶ τύφου παντὸς ἐλεύθερος. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Στέφανος ὁρῶν τὸν αὐτὸν δῆμον πάλιν οὐχὶ τιμῶντα, ἀλλὰ μαινόμενον καὶ τρίζοντα τοὺς ὀδόντας, ὑψηλότερος αὐτῶν γενόμενος τῆς ὀργῆς, ἔλεγε: Σκληροτράχηλοι, καὶ ἀπερίτμητοι ταῖς καρδίαις. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Ἠλίας, τῶν στρατοπέδων παρόντων ἐκείνων καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τοῦ δήμου παντὸς, ἔλεγεν: Ἕως πότε χωλανεῖτε ἐπ' ἀμφοτέραις ταῖς ἰγνύαις ὑμῶν; Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς ἅπαντας κολακεύομεν, θεραπεύομεν, τῇ δουλοπρεπεῖ διακονίᾳ ταύτῃ τὴν ἐκείνων τιμὴν ὠνούμενοι. Διὰ τοῦτο πάντα ἄνω καὶ κάτω γέγονε, καὶ τῆς χάριτος ταύτης ἐξεπέσομεν, καὶ ὁ προδέδοται τὰ τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ πράγματα, καὶ πάντα ἠμέληται διὰ τὴν τῶν πολλῶν δόξαν. Ἐξορίσωμεν τοίνυν τὸ πάθος, καὶ τότε εἰσόμεθα καλῶς τὴν ἐλευθερίαν καὶ τὸν λιμένα καὶ τὴν γαλήνην. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ κενόδοξος τοῖς χειμαζομένοις ἔοικεν, ἀεὶ τρέμων καὶ δεδοικὼς καὶ μυρίους θεραπεύων δεσπότας: ὁ δὲ ταύτης τῆς τυραννίδος ἔξω ὢν, τοῖς ἐν λιμέσι καθημένοις καὶ ἐλευθερίας ἀπολαύουσι καθαρᾶς. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκεῖνος, ἀλλ' ὅσοις ἐστὶ γνώριμος, τοσούτους ἔχει δεσπότας, πᾶσι δουλεύειν ἀναγκαζόμενος. Πῶς οὖν ἀπαλλαγησόμεθα τῆς χαλεπῆς ταύτης δουλείας; Ἂν ἑτέρας ἐρασθῶμεν δόξης, τῆς ὄντως δόξης. Καθάπερ γὰρ τοὺς τῶν σωμάτων ἐρῶντας λαμπροτέρα ἑτέρα φανεῖσα ὄψις τῆς προτέρας ἀπέστησεν: οὕτω δὴ καὶ τοὺς δόξης ἐπιθυμοῦντας τῆς παρ' ἡμῖν, ἡ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν λάμψασα δόξα ἀπαγαγεῖν ταύτης δυνήσεται. Ἴδωμεν τοίνυν ἐκείνην, καὶ καταμάθωμεν αὐτὴν ἀκριβῶς, ἵνα τὸ κάλλος αὐτῆς θαυμάσαντες, φύγωμεν ταύτης τὴν αἰσχρότητα, καὶ πολλῆς ἀπολαύσωμεν ἡδονῆς, ἐντρυφῶντες ἐκείνῃ διηνεκῶς: ἧς γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.