ΛΟΓΟΣ ΜΕʹ. Εἰς τὸ ἅγιον Πάσχα.

 Αʹ. Ἐπὶ τῆς φυλακῆς μου στήσομαι, φησὶν ὁ θαυμάσιος Ἀββακούμ. Κἀγὼ μετ' αὐτοῦ σήμερον, τῆς δεδομένης μοι παρὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐξουσίας καὶ θεωρίας, καὶ

 Βʹ. Πάσχα Κυρίου, Πάσχα, καὶ πάλιν ἐρῶ Πάσχα, τιμῇ τῆς Τριάδος. Αὕτη ἑορτῶν ἡμῖν ἑορτὴ, καὶ πανήγυρις πανηγύρεων, τοσοῦτον ὑπεραίρουσα πάσας, οὐ τὰς ἀ

 Γʹ. Θεὸς ἦν μὲν ἀεὶ, καὶ ἔστι, καὶ ἔσται: μᾶλλον δὲ, ἔστιν ἀεί. Τὸ γὰρ ἦν, καὶ ἔσται, τοῦ καθ' ἡμᾶς χρόνου τμήματα, καὶ τῆς ῥευστῆς φύσεως: ὁ δὲ ὢν ἀε

 Δʹ. Διχῆ δὲ τοῦ ἀπείρου θεωρουμένου, κατά τε ἀρχὴν καὶ τέλος (τὸ γὰρ ὑπὲρ ταῦτα, καὶ μὴ ἐν τούτοις, ἄπειρον), ὅταν μὲν εἰς τὸν ἄνω βυθὸν ὁ νοῦς ἀποβλέ

 Εʹ. Ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐκ ἤρκει τῇ ἀγαθότητι τοῦτο, τὸ κινεῖσθαι μόνον τῇ ἑαυτῆς θεωρίᾳ, ἀλλ' ἔδει χεθῆναι τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ ὁδεῦσαι, ὡς πλείονα εἶναι τὰ εὐεργετούμ

 #2ʹ. Οὕτω μὲν οὖν ὁ νοητὸς αὐτῷ καὶ διὰ ταῦτα ὑπέστη κόσμος, ὡς ἐμὲ γοῦν περὶ τούτων φιλοσοφῆσαι, μικρῷ λόγῳ τὰ μεγάλα σταθμώμενον. Ἐπεὶ δὲ τὰ πρῶτα κ

 Ζʹ. Νοῦς μὲν οὖν ἤδη καὶ αἴσθησις, οὕτως ἀπ' ἀλλήλων διακριθέντα, τῶν ἰδίων ὅρων ἐντὸς εἱστήκεισαν, καὶ τὸ τοῦ δημιουργοῦ Λόγου μεγαλεῖον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἔ

 Ηʹ. Τοῦτον ἔθετο μὲν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ, ὅστις ποτὲ ἦν ὁ παράδεισος οὗτος, τῷ αὐτεξουσίῳ τιμήσας, ἵν' ᾖ τοῦ ἑλομένου τὸ ἀγαθὸν οὐχ ἧττον ἢ τοῦ παρασχόντο

 Θʹ. Πολλοῖς δὲ παιδευθεὶς πρότερον ἀντὶ πολλῶν τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, ὧν ἡ τῆς κακίας ῥίζα ἐβλάστησε, κατὰ διαφόρους αἰτίας καὶ χρόνους, λόγῳ, νόμῳ, προφήτα

 Ιʹ. Ἀλλὰ τί τούτων ἡμῖν, τάχα ἂν εἴποι τις τῶν λίαν φιλεόρτων καὶ θερμοτέρων Κέντει τὸν πῶλον περὶ τὴν νύσσαν: τὰ τῆς ἑορτῆς ἡμῖν φιλοσόφει, καὶ οἷς

 ΙΑʹ. Πάντα μὲν οὖν τὸν νόμον, σκιὰν εἶναι τῶν μελλόντων καὶ νοουμένων, ὁ θεῖος Ἀπόστολος πρὸ ἡμῶν ἀπεφήνατο. Καὶ ὁ χρηματίσας πρὸ τούτου τῷ Μωϋσεῖ Θεὸ

 ΙΒʹ. Ὅμως δὲ μέσην χωροῦντες ἡμεῖς τῶν τε πάντη παχυτέρων τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ τῶν ἄγαν θεωρητικῶν τε καὶ ἀνηγμένων, ἵνα μήτε παντελῶς ἀργοὶ καὶ ἀκίνητοι

 ΙΓʹ. Οὕτω μὲν οὖν καὶ διὰ ταῦτα, εἱσῆλθεν ὁ γραπτὸς νόμος, συνάγων ἡμᾶς εἰς Χριστὸν, καὶ οὗτος τῶν θυσιῶν ὁ λόγος, ὡς ὁ ἐμὸς λόγος. Ὡς ἂν δὲ τὸ τῆς σο

 ΙΔʹ. Τί ἔτι Μὴν μὲν εἰσάγεται πρῶτος, μᾶλλον δὲ, ἀρχὴ μηνῶν: εἴτε τις τοῦτο παρ' Ἑβραίοις ὢν ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, εἴτε ὕστερον ἐντεῦθεν γενόμενος, καὶ παρὰ τοῦ

 ΙΕʹ. Ἐντεῦθεν ἡ ἱερὰ νὺξ, καὶ τοῦ παρόντος βίου τῆς κεχυμένης, τῆσδε νυκτὸς ἀντίπαλος, καθ' ἣν τὸ πρωτόγονον λύεται σκότος, καὶ εἰς φῶς ἅπαντα, καὶ τά

 Ι#2ʹ. Καὶ οἱ μὲν θρηνείτωσαν: ἡμῖν δὲ ὁ ἀμνὸς βρωθήσεται: τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέραν μὲν, ὅτι ἐπὶ συντελείᾳ τῶν αἰώνων τὸ Χριστοῦ πάθος: ἐπεὶ καὶ κοινωνεῖ τοῦ μυ

 ΙΖʹ. Ἄξιον δὲ μηδὲ τὸν τῆς βρώσεως τρόπον παραδραμεῖν, ὅτι μηδὲ ὁ νόμος, ἄχρι καὶ τούτου, τὴν θεωρίαν φιλοπονῶν ἐν τῷ γράμματι. Ἀναλώσομεν γὰρ τὸ θῦμα

 ΙΗʹ. Ὀσφὺς δὲ, τοῖς μὲν ἀλόγοις, ἄνετος ἔστω καὶ ἄδετος: οὐδὲ γὰρ λόγον ἔχουσι, τὸν κρατοῦντα τῶν ἡδονῶν: οὔπω λέγω, ὅτι κἀκεῖνα ὅρον οἶδε τῆς φυσικῆς

 ΙΘʹ. Τὰ δὲ ὑποδήματα, ὁ μὲν τῆς ἁγίας γῆς καὶ θεοστιβοῦς ψαύειν μέλλων, ὑπολυέσθω, καθὰ καὶ Μωϋσῆς ἐκεῖνος ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους, ἵνα μηδὲν νεκρὸν φέρῃ, μηδὲ

 Κʹ. Τί φῄς Οὕτω ταῦτα ἔδοξεν, Αἴγυπτον ἐξελθεῖν, τὴν σιδηρᾶν κάμινον, καταλιπεῖν σε τὴν ἐκεῖσε πολυθεΐαν, καὶ ὑπὸ Μωϋσέως ἀχθῆναι, καὶ τῆς ἐκείνου νο

 ΚΑʹ. Εἰ μέν τις εἶ Ῥαχὴλ, ἢ Λεία, ψυχὴ πατριαρχικὴ καὶ μεγάλη, καὶ τὰ εἴδωλα κλέψον, ἅπερ ἂν εὕρῃς, τοῦ σοῦ πατρὸς, οὐχ ἵνα φυλάξῃς, ἀλλ' ἵν' ἀφανίσῃς

 ΚΒʹ. Ἔστι τοίνυν ἐξετάσαι πρᾶγμα καὶ δόγμα, τοῖς μὲν πολλοῖς παρορώμενον, ἐμοὶ δὲ, καὶ λίαν ἐξεταζόμενον. Τίνι γὰρ τὸ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν αἷμα, καὶ περὶ τίνος ἐ

 ΚΓʹ. Μεταληψόμεθα δὲ τοῦ Πάσχα, νῦν μὲν τυπικῶς ἔτι, καὶ εἰ τοῦ παλαιοῦ γυμνότερον (τὸ γὰρ νομικὸν Πάσχα, τολμῶ καὶ λέγω, τύπου τύπος ἦν ἀμυδρότερος):

 ΚΔʹ. Ἂν Σίμων ἦς Κυρηναῖος, τὸν σταυρὸν ἆρον, καὶ ἀκολούθησον. Ἂν συσταυρωθῇς ὡς λῃστὴς, ὡς εὐγνώμων τὸν Θεὸν γνώρισον: εἰ κἀκεῖνος μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσ

 ΚΕʹ. Κἂν εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀνίῃ, συνάνελθε: γενοῦ μετὰ τῶν παραπεμπόντων ἀγγέλων, ἢ τῶν δεχομένων. Ἀρθῆναι ταῖς πύλαις διακέλευσαι, ὑψηλοτέραις γενέσθαι, ἵ

 Κ#2ʹ. Πρὸς ταῦτα τί φασιν ἡμῖν οἱ συκοφάνται, οἱ πικροὶ τῆς Θεότητος λογισταὶ, οἱ κατήγοροι τῶν ἐπαινουμένων, οἱ σκοτεινοὶ περὶ τὸ φῶς, οἱ περὶ τὴν σο

 ΚΖʹ. Ἀπεστάλη μὲν, ἀλλ' ὡς ἄνθρωπος: διπλοῦς γὰρ ἦν: ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐκοπίασε, καὶ ἐπείνησε, καὶ ἐδίψησε, καὶ ἠγωνίασε, καὶ ἐδάκρυσε, νόμῳ φύσεως. Εἰ δὲ καὶ

 ΚΗʹ. Νῦν δὲ ἀναγκαῖον ἡμῖν οὕτω κεφαλαιῶσαι τὸν λόγον: Γεγόναμεν, ἵν' εὖ πάθωμεν: εὖ πεπόνθαμεν, ἐπειδὴ γεγόναμεν. Τὸν παράδεισον ἐπιστεύθημεν, ἵνα τρ

 ΚΘʹ. Πολλὰ μὲν δὴ τοῦ τότε καιροῦ τὰ θαύματα: Θεὸς σταυρούμενος, ἥλιος σκοτιζόμενος, καὶ πάλιν ἀναφλεγόμενος (ἔδει γὰρ τῷ Κτίστῃ συμπαθεῖν καὶ τὰ κτίσ

 Λʹ. Ἀλλ', ὦ Πάσχα, τὸ μέγα καὶ ἱερὸν, καὶ παντὸς τοῦ κόσμου καθάρσιον! ὡς γὰρ ἐμψύχῳ σοι διαλέξομαι. Ὦ Λόγε Θεοῦ, καὶ φῶς, καὶ ζωὴ, καὶ σοφία, καὶ δύν

XXII.68    Ib. xxiv. 12.  Now we are to examine another fact and dogma, neglected by most people, but in my judgment well worth enquiring into.  To Whom was that Blood offered that was shed for us, and why was It shed?  I mean the precious and famous Blood of our God and High priest and Sacrifice.  We were detained in bondage by the Evil One, sold under sin, and receiving pleasure in exchange for wickedness.  Now, since a ransom belongs only to him who holds in bondage, I ask to whom was this offered, and for what cause?  If to the Evil One, fie upon the outrage!  If the robber receives ransom, not only from God, but a ransom which consists of God Himself, and has such an illustrious payment for his tyranny, a payment for whose sake it would have been right for him to have left us alone altogether.  But if to the Father, I ask first, how?  For it was not by Him that we were being oppressed; and next, On what principle did the Blood of His Only begotten Son delight the Father, Who would not receive even Isaac, when he was being offered by his Father, but changed the sacrifice, putting a ram in the place of the human victim?69    Gen. xxii. 11, &c.  Is it not evident that the Father accepts Him, but neither asked for Him nor demanded Him; but on account of the Incarnation, and because Humanity must be sanctified by the Humanity of God,70    Have we not here the germ of the idea, afterwards known as the Scotist, that the Incarnation was the purpose of God independently of the Fall, for the perfecting of Humanity; but that the Passion and death of Incarnate God were the direct result of the sin of man? that He might deliver us Himself, and overcome the tyrant, and draw us to Himself by the mediation of His Son, Who also arranged this to the honour of the Father, Whom it is manifest that He obeys in all things?  So much we have said of Christ; the greater part of what we might say shall be reverenced with silence.  But that brazen serpent71    Num. xxi. 9. was hung up as a remedy for the biting serpents, not as a type of Him that suffered for us, but as a contrast; and it saved those that looked upon it, not because they believed it to live, but because it was killed, and killed with it the powers that were subject to it, being destroyed as it deserved.  And what is the fitting epitaph for it from us?  “O death, where is thy sting?  O grave, where is thy victory?”72    Hos. xiii. 14 and 1 Cor. xv. 55.  Thou art overthrown by the Cross; thou art slain by Him who is the Giver of life; thou art without breath, dead, without motion, even though thou keepest the form of a serpent lifted up on high on a pole.

ΚΒʹ. Ἔστι τοίνυν ἐξετάσαι πρᾶγμα καὶ δόγμα, τοῖς μὲν πολλοῖς παρορώμενον, ἐμοὶ δὲ, καὶ λίαν ἐξεταζόμενον. Τίνι γὰρ τὸ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν αἷμα, καὶ περὶ τίνος ἐχέθη, τὸ μέγα καὶ περιβόητον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἀρχιερέως, καὶ θύματος; Κατειχόμεθα μὲν γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ, πεπραμένοι ὑπὸ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, καὶ ἀντιλαβόντες τῆς κακίας τὴν ἡδονήν. Εἰ δὲ τὸ λύτρον οὐκ ἄλλου τινὸς, ἢ τοῦ κατέχοντος γίνεται, ζητῶ τίνι τοῦτο εἰσηνέχθη, καὶ δι' ἥντινα τὴν αἰτίαν; Εἰ μὲν τῷ πονηρῷ, φεῦ τῆς ὕβρεως: εἰ μὴ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν Θεὸν αὐτὸν λύτρον ὁ λῃστὴς λαμβάνει, καὶ μισθὸν οὕτως ὑπερφυῆ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ τυραννίδος, δι' ὃν καὶ ἡμῶν φείδεσθαι δίκαιον ἦν: εἰ δὲ τῷ Πατρὶ, πρῶτον μὲν πῶς; Οὐχ ὑπ' ἐκείνου γὰρ ἐκρατούμεθα. Δεύτερον δὲ, τίς ὁ λόγος, Μονογενοῦς αἷμα τέρπειν Πατέρα, ὃς οὐδὲ τὸν Ἰσαὰκ ἐδέξατο παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς προσφερόμενον, ἀλλ' ἀντηλλάξατο τὴν θυσίαν, κριὸν ἀντιδοὺς τοῦ λογικοῦ θύματος; Ἢ δῆλον, ὅτι λαμβάνει μὲν ὁ Πατὴρ, οὐκ αἰτήσας, οὐδὲ δεηθεὶς, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν οἰκονομίαν, καὶ τὸ χρῆναι ἁγιασθῆναι τῷ ἀνθρωπίνῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν ἄνθρωπον: ἵν' αὐτὸς ἡμᾶς ἐξέληται, τοῦ τυράννου βίᾳ κρατήσας, καὶ πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἐπαναγάγῃ διὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ μεσιτεύσαντος, καὶ εἰς τιμὴν τοῦ Πατρὸς τοῦτο οἰκονομήσαντος, ᾧ τὰ πάντα παραχωρῶν φαίνεται. Τὰ μὲν δὴ Χριστοῦ τοιαῦτα, καὶ τὰ πλείω σιγῇ σεβέσθω. Ὁ δὲ χαλκοῦς ὄφις κρεμᾶτοι μὲν κατὰ τῶν δακνόντων ὄφεων, οὐχ ὡς τύπος δὲ τοῦ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν παθόντος, ἀλλ' ὡς ἀντίτυπος: καὶ σώζει τοὺς εἰς αὐτὸν ὁρῶντας, οὐχ ὅτι ζῇ πιστευόμενος, ἀλλ' ὅτι νενέκρωται, καὶ συννεκροῖ τὰς ὑπ' αὐτὸν δυνάμεις, καταλυθεὶς, ὥσπερ ἦν ἄξιος. Καὶ τίς ὁ πρέπων αὐτῷ παρ' ἡμῶν ἐπιτάφιος; Ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ κέντρον; Ποῦ σου, ᾅδη, τὸ νῖκος; Τῷ σταυρῷ βέβλησαι, τῷ ζωοποιῷ τεθανάτωσαι. Ἄπνους, νεκρὸς, ἀκίνητος, ἀνενέργητος, καὶ, εἰ τὸ σχῆμα σώζεις ὄφεως, ἐν ὕψει στηλιτευόμενος.