Chapter XVI.

In order to forearm the orthodox against the stratagems of the Arians, St. Ambrose discloses some of the deceitful confessions used by the latter, and shows by various arguments, that though they sometimes call the Son “God,” it is not enough, unless they also admit His equality with the Father.

129. Let none fear, let none tremble; he who threatens gives the advantage to the faithful. The soothing balms of deceitful men are poisoned—then must we be on our guard against them, when they pretend to preach that they do deny. Thus were those aforetime, who lightly trusted to them, deceived, so that they fell into the snares of treachery, when they thought all was good faith.

130. “Let him be accursed,” say they, “who says that Christ is a creature, after the manner of the rest of created beings.” Plain folks have heard this, and put faith in it, for, as it is written, “the simple man believes every word.”660    Prov. xiv. 15. Thus have they heard and believed, being taken in by the first sound thereof, and, like birds, eager for the bait of faith, have not noted the net spread for them, and so, pursuing after faith, have caught the hook of ungodly deceit. Wherefore “be ye wise as serpents,” saith the Lord, “and harmless as doves.”661    S. Matt. x. 16. Wisdom is put foremost, in order that harmlessness may be unharmed.

131. For those are serpents, such as the Gospel intends, who put off old habits, in order to put on new manners: “Putting off the old man, together with his acts, and putting on the new man, made in the image of Him Who created him.”662    Col. iii. 9, 10. Let us learn then, the ways of those whom the Gospel calls the serpents, throwing off the slough of the old man, that so, like serpents, we may know how to preserve our life and beware of fraud.

132. It would have been sufficient to say, “Accursed be he who saith that Christ is a created being.” Why, then, Arian, dost thou mingle poison with the good that is in thy confession, and so defile the whole body of it? For by addition of “after the manner of the rest of created beings,” you deny not that Christ is a being created, but that He is a created being like [all] others—for created being you do entitle Him, albeit you assign to Him dignity transcending the rest of creation. Furthermore, Arius, the first teacher of this ungodly doctrine, said that the Son of God was a perfect created being, and not as the rest of created beings. See you, then, how that you have adopted language bequeathed you from your father. To deny that Christ is a being created is enough: why add “but not as the rest of beings created”? Cut away the gangrened part, lest the contagion spread—it is poisonous, deadly.

133. Again, you say sometimes that Christ is God. Nay, but so call Him true God, as meaning, that you acknowledge Him to possess the fulness of the Father’s Godhead—for there are gods, so called, alike in heaven or upon earth. The name “God,” then, is not to be used as a mere manner of address and mention, but with the understanding that you affirm, of the Son, that same Godhead which the Father hath, as it is written: “For as the Father hath life in Himself, so hath He given to the Son also to have life in Himself;”663    S. John v. 26. that is to say, He hath given it to Him, as to His Son, through begetting Him—not by grace, as to one indigent.

134. “And He hath given Him power to execute judgment, because He is the Son of Man.”664    S. John v. 27. Note well this addition, that you may not take occasion, upon a word, to preach falsehood. You read that He is the Son of Man; do you therefore deny that He accepts [the power given]? Deny God, then, if all things proper to God are not given to the Son, for whereas He has said, “All things that the Father hath are Mine,”665    S. John xvi. 15. why not acknowledge that all the properties and attributes of Divinity are in the Son [as they are in the Father]? For He who saith, “All things that the Father hath are Mine,” what does He except as having not?

135. Why is it that you recount “with insistence” and in such sincere language, Christ’s raising the dead to life, walking upon the waters, healing the sicknesses of men? These powers, indeed, He has given to His bondmen to display as well as Himself. They do the more arouse my wonder when seen present in men, forasmuch as God hath given them power so great. I would hear somewhat concerning Christ that is His distinctly and peculiarly, and cannot be held in common with Him by created beings, now that He is begotten, the only Son of God, very God of very God, sitting at the Father’s right hand.

136. Wheresoever I read of the Father and Son sitting side by side, I find the Son always upon the right hand. Is that because the Son is above the Father? Nay, we say not so; but He Whom God’s love honours is dishonoured by man’s ungodliness. The Father knew that doubts as concerning the Son must needs be sown, and He hath given us an example of reverence for us to follow after, lest we dishonour the Son.

CAPUT XVI.

Ut Catholici contra fraudes Arianorum praemuniantur, subdolas quasdam eorum confessiones exponit: nec sufficere quod Filium nonnumquam Deum vocitent, 0615B nisi eum admittant Patri aequalem, collectis argumentis probat.

129. Nemo metuat, nemo formidet: plus confert fidelibus, qui minatur. Venenatae sunt blanditiae perfidorum, tunc cavendae cum id quod negant, praedicare se simulant. Sic decepti sunt et ante, qui facile crediderunt; ut ibi perfidiae laqueos inciderent, ubi fidem esse credebant.

130. Qui dicit, inquiunt, Christum creaturam secundum caeteras creaturas, anathema sit. Audierunt simplices, et crediderunt: Innocens enim, sicut scriptum est, credit omni verbo (Prov. XIV, 15). Audierunt ergo, et crediderunt, primo decepti sono; ac velut aves intenti ad escam fidei, extentum sibi laqueum 0615C non caverunt. Ita dum fidem sequuntur, hamum nefandae fraudis attrectaverunt. Et ideo: Estote, inquit, astuti sicut serpentes, et simplices sicut columbae (Matth., X, 16); praemittitur astutia, ut sit tuta simplicitas.

520 131. Sunt enim serpentes Evangelici, qui exuunt veterem usum, ut induant novos mores, sicut scriptum est: Exspoliantes veterem hominem cum actibus ejus, et induentes novum secundum imaginem ejus, qui creavit eum (Coloss. III, 9, 10). Discamus ergo depositis vetusti hominis exuviis, Evangelicorum serpentium vias; ut more serpentium servare caput, fraudem cavere noscamus.

132. Satis fuerat dicere: Qui dicit creaturam Christum, anathema sit. Cur bono confessionis, Ariane, 0615D venena permisces, ut totum corpus contamines? Addendo enim: Secundum caeteras creaturas, non creaturam Christum negas, sed creaturam dicis esse dissimilem; creaturam enim dicis, etsi praestantiorem caeteris asseras creaturis. Denique Arius hujus impietatis magister Dei Filium creaturam dixit esse perfectam, sed non sicut caeteras creaturas. Videtis 0616A igitur haereditario patris vestri vos usos esse sermone? Sat est creaturam negare, quid opus fuit addere: Sed non sicut caeteras creaturas? Recide quod putruit, ne serpat contagio: venenum habet; mortem affert.

133. Deinde dicis interdum Deum Christum: sed ita dic Deum verum, ut plenitudinem ei paternae divinitatis assignes; sunt enim qui dicuntur dii sive in coelo, sive in terra. Non ergo perfunctorie nuncupandus Deus, sed ita ut eamdem divinitatem praedices in Filio, quam Pater habet, sicut scriptum est, Sicut enim Pater vitam habet in semetipso, sic dedit et Filio vitam habere in semetipso (Joan. V, 26). Dedit utique quasi Filio per generationem, non quasi inopi per gratiam.

0616B 134. Et potestatem dedit ei judicium facere, quia Filius hominis est. Vide quid addidit, ne tu calumnieris ex verbo. Filium hominis legis, et accipientem arguis? Nega ergo Deum, si non omnia Filio quae Dei sunt, deferuntur; cum enim dixerit: Omnia quae Pater habet, mea sunt (Joan. XVI, 15); cur tu non omnia quae divinae naturae sunt, etiam in Filio confiteris? Nam qui dicit: Omnia quae Pater habet, mea sunt; quid excipit quod non habet?

135. Quid est quod ἐμφατικῶς, quam fideli magis sermone commemores, quod mortuos suscitaverit, maria pedes transmiserit, infirmitates hominum curaverit? Haec enim etiam servulis suis praestitit. Plus ista miror in hominibus, quod tantam eis dederit potestatem. Aliquid de Christo audire desidero, quod 0616C speciale sit Christi, quod cum iis quae creata sunt, non possit esse commune; quia genitus, quia unicus est Dei Filius, quia Deus verus ex Deo vero, quia ad dexteram Patris sedet.

136. Ubicumque lego consessum Patris et Filii, 521 semper ad dexteram Filius sedet. Numquid melior Filius Patre? Non hoc dicimus: sed quem charitas Dei honorat, humana iniquitas derogat. Scivit Pater serendas esse de Filio quaestiones, praebuit nobis quod sequeremur, pietatis exemplum, ne Filio derogemus.