Chapter III.

Virgins are exhorted to avoid visits, to observe modesty, to be silent during the celebration of the Mysteries after the example of Mary. Then after narrating the story of a heathen youth, and saying of a poet, St. Ambrose relates a miracle wrought by a holy priest.

9. I will, too, that visits amongst the younger, except such as may be due to parents and those of like age, be few. For modesty is worn away by intercourse, and boldness breaks forth, laughter creeps in, and bashfulness is lessened, whilst politeness is studied. Not to answer one who asks a question is childishness, to answer is nonsense. I should prefer, therefore, that conversation should rather be wanting to a virgin, than abound. For if women are bidden to keep silence in churches, even about divine things, and to ask their husbands at home, what do we think should be the caution of virgins, in whom modesty adorns their age, and silence commends their modesty.

10. Was it a small sign of modesty that when Rebecca came to wed Isaac, and saw her bridegroom, she took a veil,113    Gen. xxiv. 65. that she might not be seen before they were united? Certainly the fair virgin feared not for her beauty, but for her modesty. What of Rachel, how she, when Jacob’s kiss had been taken,114    Gen. xxix. 11. wept and groaned, and would not have ceased weeping had she not known him to be a kinsman? So she both observed what was due to modesty, and omitted not kindly affection. But if it is said to a man: “Gaze not on a maid, lest she cause thee to fall,”115    Ecclus. ix. 5. what is to be said to a consecrated virgin, who, if she loves, sins in mind; if she is loved, in act also?

11. The virtue of silence, especially in Church, is very great. Let no sentence of the divine lessons escape you; if you give ear, restrain your voice, utter no word with your lips which you would wish to recall, but let your boldness to speak be sparing. For in truth in much speaking there is abundance of sin.116    Prov. x. 19. To the murderer it was said: “Thou hast sinned, be silent,”117    Gen. iv. 7. that he might not sin more; but to the virgin it must be said, “Be silent lest thou sin.” For Mary, as we read, kept in heart all things that were said concerning her Son,118    S. Luke ii. 19. and do you, when any passage is read where Christ is announced as about to come, or is shown to have come, not make a noise by talking, but attend. Is anything more unbecoming than the divine words should be so drowned by talking, as not to be heard, believed, or made known, that the sacraments should be indistinctly heard through the sound of voices, that prayer should be hindered when offered for the salvation of all?

12. The Gentiles pay respect to their idols by silence, of which this instance is given: As Alexander, the king of the Macedonians, was sacrificing, the sleeve of a barbarian lad who was lighting the lamp for him caught fire and burnt his body, yet he remained without moving and neither betrayed the pain by a groan, nor showed his suffering by silent tears. Such was the discipline of reverence in a barbarian lad that nature was subdued. Yet he feared not the gods, who were no gods, but the king. For why should he fear those who if the same fire had caught them would have burnt?

13. How much better still is it where a youth at his father’s banquet is bidden not to betray by coarse gestures his unchaste loves. And do you, holy virgin, abstain from groans, cries, coughing, and laughter at the Mystery. Can you not at the Mystery do what he did at a banquet? Let virginity be first marked by the voice, let modesty close the mouth, let religion remove weakness, and habit instruct nature. Let her gravity first announce a virgin to me, a modest approach, a sober gait, a bashful countenance, and let the march of virtue be preceded by the evidence of integrity. That virgin is not sufficiently worthy of approval who has to be enquired about when she is seen.

14. There is common story how, when the excessive croaking of frogs was resounding in the ears of the faithful people, the priest of God bade them be silent, and show reverence to the sacred words, and then at once the noise was stilled. Shall then the marshes keep silence and not the frogs? And shall irrational animals re-acknowledge by reverence what they know not by nature? While the shamelessness of men is such, that many care not to pay that respect to the religious feelings of their minds, which they do to the pleasure of their ears.

CAPUT III.

Hortatur ad fugiendas visitationes, ad servandum pudorem, nec non ad silentium exemplo Mariae per 0222C mysteriorum celebrationem praebendum: ea gratia ethnici adolescentis facto, et profani poetae dicto memoratis, sancti cujusdam sacerdotis miraculum adjungit.

9. Ipsas visitationes in junioribus esse parciores volo, si forte deferendum sit parentibus aut aequalibus. Teritur enim officiis pudor, audacia emicat, risus subrepit, modestia solvitur, dum affectatur urbanitas: interroganti non respondere, infantia: respondere, fabula est. Deesse igitur sermonem virgini, quam superesse malim. Nam si mulieres etiam de rebus divinis in Ecclesia jubentur tacere, domi viros suos interrogare (I Cor. XIV, 34): de virginibus quid cautum putamus, in quibus pudor ornat aetatem, taciturnitas commendat pudorem?

0222D 10. An vero mediocre pudoris exemplum est, quod Rebecca cum veniret ad nuptias, et sponsum vidisset, velamen accepit (Gen. XXIV, 65); ne prius videretur, quam jungeretur? Et utique pulchra virgo non decori timuit, sed pudori. Quid Rachel; quemadmodum extorto osculo, flevit et gemuit: nec flere desisset, nisi proximum cognovisset (Gen. XXIX, 0223A 11, 12)? Ita et pudoris servavit officium, et pietatis non omisit affectum. Quod si viro dicitur: Virginem ne consideres, ne quando scandalizet te (Eccli. IX, 5); quid dicendum est sacratae virgini, quae si amet, animo peccat, si amatur, et facto?

11. Maxima est virtus tacendi, praesertim in Ecclesia. Nulla te divinarum sententia fugiet lectionum, si aurem admoveas, vocem premas. Nullum ex ore verbum quod revocare velis, proferas: sed parcior loquendi fiducia sit. Copiosum quippe in multiloquio peccatum. Homicidae dictum est: Peccasti, quiesce (Prov. X, 19), ne peccaret amplius: sed virgini dicendum est: Quiesce, ne pecces. Conservabat enim Maria, ut legimus, omnia in corde suo quae de Filio dicebantur (Luc. II, 19): et tu cum legitur aliquid 0223B quo Christus aut venturus 177 annuntiatur, aut venisse ostenditur; noli fabulando obstrepere, sed mentem admove. An quidquam est indignius, quam oracula divina circumstrepi, ne audiantur, ne credantur, ne revelentur: circumsonare sacramenta confusis vocibus, ut impediatur oratio pro salute deprompta omnium?

12. Gentiles idolis suis reverentiam tacendo deferunt. Unde illud exemplum proditur: Alexandro sacrificante Macedonum rege, puerulum barbarum qui ei lumen accenderet, excepisse ignem brachio, atque adusto corpore, mansisse immobilem, nec dolorem prodidisse gemitu, nec tacito poenam indicasse fletu. Tanta in puero barbaro fuit disciplina reverentiae, ut natura vinceretur. Atque ille non deos, 0223C qui nulli erant, sed regem timebat. Quid enim timeret eos, quos si idem ignis contigisset, arsissent?

13. Quanto melius quod quidam in convivio patris adolescens jubetur ne meretricios amores indiciis insolentibus prodat? Et tu in mysterio, Dei virgo, gemitus, screatus, tussis, risus abstine. Quod ille in convivio potest, tu in mysterio non potes? Voce virginitas prima signetur, claudat ora pudor, debilitatem excludat religio, instituat consuetudo naturam. Virginem mihi prius gravitas sua nuntiet, pudore obvio, gradu sobrio, vultu modesto; et praenuntia integritatis anteeant signa virtutis. Non satis probabilis virgo est quae requiritur, cum videtur.

14. Frequens sermo est, cum plurima ranarum murmura religiosae auribus plebis obstreperent, sacerdotem 0223D Dei praecepisse ut conticescerent, ac reverentiam sacrae deferrent orationi; tunc subito circumfusos 0224A strepitus quievisse. Silent igitur paludes, homines non silebunt? Et irrationabile animal per reverentiam recognoscit, quod per naturam ignorat: hominum tanta est immodestia, ut plerique deferre nesciant mentium religioni, quod deferunt aurium voluptati?