ΛΟΓΟΣ Εʹ. Κατὰ Ἰουλιανοῦ βασιλέως στηλιτευτικὸς δεύτερος.

 Αʹ. Οὗτος μὲν δὴ τῶν ἐμῶν λόγων ὁ πρῶτος ἄεθλος ἐκτετέλεσται καὶ διήνυσται: καὶ γὰρ ἐπεδειξάμην ἱκανῶς τὴν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς κακοήθειαν ἐν οἷς ἔδρασέ τε καθ'

 Βʹ. Νόσους μὲν δὴ τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἐνδίκους, καὶ ῥήξεις οὐκ ἀφανεῖς, καὶ πολυτρόπους ἄλλας πληγὰς καὶ μάστιγας οἷς τετολμήκασι παραπλησίας, καὶ θανάτους οὐ

 Γʹ. Ἐμαίνετο καθ' ἡμῶν ἀεί τι πλέον, ὥσπερ κύμασιν ἐπεγείρων κύματα, ὁ καθ' ἑαυτοῦ πρῶτον μανεὶς καὶ πατήσας τὰ ἅγια, καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος ἐνυβρί

 Δʹ. Ἐπεὶ δὲ ταῦτα καὶ διενοήθη καὶ ἔπεισεν (εὔκολον γὰρ εἰς ἀπάτην τὸ πρὸς ἡδονὴν ἅπαν), οἱ μὲν ὡς ἀναστήσοντες διενοοῦντο τὸ ἱερὸν, καὶ χειρὶ πολλῇ κ

 Εʹ. Πρὸς ταῦτα τί φήσουσιν οἱ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου σοφοὶ, καὶ τὰ παρ' αὐτοῖς ἀποσεμνύνοντες, οἱ τὰς βαθείας ὑπήνας ἕλκοντες, καὶ τὸ κομψὸν περισύροντες ἡ

 #2ʹ. Ταῦτα μὲν ἐκ τῶν οὐρανίων καὶ τῶν ἄνω συμπασχόντων τοῖς ἡμετέροις, κατὰ τὴν μεγάλην τοῦ παντὸς ἁρμονίαν τε καὶ οἰκείωσιν: τὰ δὲ ἑξῆς ὁ ψαλμὸς συμ

 Ζʹ. Ἆρ' οὖν γῆ μὲν οὕτω καὶ οὐρανός: ἀὴρ δὲ οὐκ ἐπισημαίνει τοῖς τοιούτοις καιροῖς, οὐδὲ ἡγιάσθη τότε τοῖς σημείοις τοῦ πάθους Ἐπιδειξάτωσαν ἔτι καὶ

 Ηʹ. Εἶχε μὲν οὖν οὕτω ταῦτα: ὁ δὲ, ταῖς κατὰ μικρὸν μανίαις οἰστρηλατούμενος καὶ δονούμενος, ἐπὶ αὐτὸ τὸ κεφάλαιον ἀπαντᾷ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ συμφορῶν. Ὡς γὰρ

 Θʹ. Ἀλλ' οὖν ἔδοξε ταῦτα, καὶ τῆς ὁρμῆς ἦν πᾶσαν μαντείας καὶ γοητείας, ῥητῆς τε καὶ ἀῤῥήτου θυσίας τερατείαν εἰς ἓν ἀγαγὼν, ἵν' ἐν βραχεῖ πᾶσα καταλυ

 Ιʹ. Ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἤδη, ὥσπερ ψάμμου ποδῶν ὑποσπασθείσης, ἢ νηῒ ζάλης ἀντιπεσούσης, εἰς τοὐπίσω χωρεῖ τὰ πράγματα. Ἡ γὰρ Κτησιφῶν φρούριόν ἐστι καρτερὸν

 ΙΑʹ. Ἀνὴρ γάρ τις τῶν οὐκ ἀδοκίμων ἐν Πέρσαις, τὸν ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνι πρὸς Κῦρον Ζώπυρον μιμησάμενος, ὡς δή τι τῷ Περσῶν βασιλεῖ, μᾶλλον δὲ μέγιστα καὶ ἐπὶ

 ΙΒʹ. Ὡς δὲ εἶπε ταῦτα, καὶ εἰπὼν ἔπεισεν, εὔπιστον γὰρ ἡ κουφότης, καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ μάλιστα συνελαύνοντος, ἅπαντα ἦν ὁμοῦ τὰ δεινά: τὰς μὲν ναῦς εἶχε τὸ π

 ΙΓʹ. Τὰ μὲν δὴ μέχρι τούτου τοιαύτα: τὰ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν οὐχ εἷς λέγεται λόγος, ἄλλος δὲ ἄλλῳ συμφέρεται καὶ συντίθεται, τῶν τε παρόντων ὁμοίως τῇ μάχῃ: κα

 ΙΔʹ. Ἄξιον δὲ μηδὲ τοῦτο παραδραμεῖν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς, μεγίστην τῆς ἐκείνου κακοδαιμονίας ἐπὶ πολλοῖς ἔχον ἀπόδειξιν. Ἔκειτο μὲν ἐπὶ τῇ ὄχθῃ τοῦ ποταμοῦ, κα

 ΙΕʹ. Διαδεξάμενος δὲ τὴν βασιλείαν εὐθὺς μετ' ἐκεῖνον, ὁ μετ' ἐκεῖνον ἀναῤῥηθεὶς ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ στρατοπέδῳ, καὶ τῇ τῶν κινδύνων ἀκμῇ ἀναγκαίως ἐπιζητούσῃ

 Ι#2ʹ. Τί λοιπὸν ἦν ἢ τὸ σῶμα Ῥωμαίοις ἐπαναχθῆναι τοῦ δυσσεβοῦς, καίπερ οὕτω καταστρέψαντος Ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ ἡμῖν ἐστι νεκρὸς ὁ πρὸ αὐτοῦ καταλύσας τὸν βί

 ΙΖ. Ἀλλ' οὖν ἡμεῖς, τὸ κοινότερον, τόν τε πατέρα ἐννοοῦντες τὸν βαλόμενον τὴν κρηπίδα τῆς βασιλικῆς τῷ Χριστιανισμῷ δυναστείας καὶ πίστεως, καὶ τὸν εἰ

 ΙΗʹ. Τῷ δὲ αἰσχρὰ μὲν τὰ τῆς ἐκστρατείας (ἠλαύνετο δήμοις καὶ πόλεσι, καὶ φωναῖς δημοσίαις καὶ βωμολόχοις, ὧν ἔτι καὶ νῦν οἱ πολλοὶ μνημονεύουσιν), ἀδ

 ΙΘʹ. Καὶ ταῦτα διῆλθον ὡς μέγιστα τῶν ἐκείνου κατηγορημάτων καὶ κυριώτατα, οὐκ ἀγνοῶν, ὅτι δυσὶ μὲν καὶ τρισὶ τῶν περὶ τὰ βασίλεια κολάκων, καὶ τὴν ἀσ

 Κʹ. Τί δ' ἂν εἰ λέγοιμι δικῶν μεταθέσεις καὶ μετακλίσεις διὰ μέσης νυκτὸς πολλάκις μεταβαλλομένων καὶ περιτρεπομένων, ὥσπερ ἀμπώτιδας: ἐπεὶ καὶ δικάζε

 ΚΑʹ. Ἐκεῖνο δὲ πῶς οὐκ ἐπαινετὸν τῆς τοῦ φιλοσόφου παιδεύσεως, ὅτι τοσοῦτον ἀόργητος ἦν, καὶ τῶν παθῶν ὑψηλότερος, κατὰ τοὺς πώποτε τῶν βασιλέων ἀτρέπ

 ΚΒʹ. Τὰς δὲ φυσήσεις τε καὶ ἀντιφυσήσεις, ἃς ὁ θαυμάσιος ἐκεῖνος, καὶ τὰ ἡμέτερα διασύρων, τοῖς γραϊδίοις ἀντεπεδείκνυτο, τὸ ἐπιβώμιον πῦρ ἀνάπτων, πο

 ΚΓʹ. Ταῦτα τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις ἡ πεῖρα παρέστησε, καὶ ἡ δυναστεία προλαβοῦσα τὴν ἐξουσίαν: ἐμοὶ δὲ καὶ πόῤῥωθεν τρόπον τινὰ ἑωρᾶτο, ἐξ οὗ τῷ ἀνδρὶ συνεγεν

 ΚΔʹ. Τί ἂν τὰ καθ' ἕκαστον γράφοιμι Τοῦτον πρὸ τῶν ἔργων ἐθεασάμην, ὃν καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων ἐγνώρισα. Καὶ εἴ μοι παρῆσάν τινες τῶν τηνικαῦτα συνόντων κα

 ΚΕʹ. Ταῦτα τῶν Γαλιλαίων ἡμῶν, ταῦτα τῶν ἀτίμων τὰ διηγήματα: ταῦτα οἱ τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον προσκυνοῦντες ἡμεῖς, ταῦτα οἱ τῶν ἁλιέων μαθηταὶ καὶ τῶν ἀπαιδ

 Κ#2ʹ. Ὁ μὲν οὖν τοῦ Ἰούδα βασιλεὺς Ἐζεκίας, ἐλθόντος ἐπ' αὐτὸν δυνάμει πολλῇ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων τινὸς βασιλέως, καὶ στρατοπέδῳ κυκλώσαντος τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ,

 ΚΖʹ. Ταῦτα Χριστιανοῖς παρὰ σοῦ ἀνθ' ὧν ἐσώθης δι' αὐτῶν κακῶς τὰ ἐπίχειρα Ταῦτα Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ σου ἀνταπέδωκας Πρότερον μὲν οὖν, ἡνίκα ἔτι ἀνεῖχε καὶ

 ΚΗʹ. Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν πρότερον καὶ διενοούμην καὶ ἀνεβόων πρὸς τὸν Θεόν: νυνὶ δὲ οἵας ἀνθ' οἵων μεταλαμβάνω φωνάς! θρηνῶ λοιπὸν τῶν ἀσεβῶν τὴν ἀπώλειαν,

 ΚΘʹ. Τοῦτο μὲν οὖν, ὅπη τῷ Θεῷ φίλον, οὕτως ἐχέτω. Τίς οἶδεν εἰ ὁ λύων τοὺς πεπεδημένους Θεὸς, καὶ ἀνάγων ἐκ τῶν πυλῶν τοῦ θανάτου τὸν βαρύν τε καὶ κά

 Λʹ. Δός μοι τοὺς λόγους σου τοὺς βασιλικούς τε καὶ σοφιστικοὺς, τοὺς ἀφύκτους συλλογισμούς σου καὶ τὰ ἐνθυμήματα: ἴδωμεν οἷα καὶ παρ' ἡμῖν οἱ ἁλιεῖς κ

 ΛΑʹ. Σιγάτω σὸς κῆρυξ τὰ ἄτιμα: φθεγγέσθω κῆρυξ ἐμὸς τὰ ἔνθεα. Παῦσόν σου τὰς γοητικὰς καὶ μαντικὰς βίβλους: αἱ προφητικαὶ δὲ καὶ ἀποστολικαὶ μόναι ἀν

 ΛΒʹ. Οὐκ ἔτι φθέγγεται δρῦς: οὐκ ἔτι λέβης μαντεύεται: οὐκ ἔτι Πυθία πληροῦται, οὐκ οἶδ' ὧντινων, πλὴν μύθων καὶ ληρημάτων. Πάλιν ἡ Κασταλία σεσίγηται

 ΛΓʹ. Ἄνδρες ὁμοῦ καὶ γυναῖκες, νέοι τε καὶ πρεσβύται, ὅσοι τε εἰς τὸ βῆμα τοῦτο τελεῖτε, καὶ ὅσοι τὴν κάτω τέταχθε χώραν, πάντες ὅσους ἐλυτρώσατο Κύρι

 ΛΔʹ. Τοιγάρτοι καὶ ἡμεῖς ἔργῳ τῆς θείας παιδεύσεως ἐπαισθώμεθα. Δείξωμεν ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἀξίους οὐχ ὧν πρῶτον πεπόνθαμεν, ἀλλὰ ὧν ὕστερον τετυχήκαμεν. Ἀπο

 ΛΕʹ. Πρῶτον μὲν, ἀδελφοὶ, πανηγυρίσωμεν, μὴ φαιδρότητι σώματος, μηδὲ ἐσθῆτος ἐξαλλαγαῖς καὶ πολυτελείαις, μηδὲ κώμοις καὶ μέθαις, ὧν κοίτας καὶ ἀσελγε

 Λ#2ʹ. Δεύτερον δὲ χαλεπὸν μὲν οἶδα λόγον ἐρῶν καὶ δυσπαράδεκτον τοῖς πολλοῖς: φιλεῖ γὰρ ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ ἀντιδρᾷν κακῶς γενόμενος ἄνθρωπος, ἄλλως τε κἂν

 ΛΖʹ. Νικήσωμεν ἐπιεικείᾳ τοὺς τυραννήσαντας, καὶ μάλιστα μὲν φιλανθρωπία ἔστω τὸ συγχωροῦν, καὶ ἡ τῆς ἐντολῆς δύναμις, τὴν ἴσην ἀντιδιδοῦσα φιλανθρωπί

 ΛΗʹ. Ἐῶ τὰ θεῖα καὶ τὰ ἡμέτερα, καὶ τὰς καθ' ἡμᾶς ἐκεῖθεν ἀποκειμένας μάστιγας: ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς σοὺς ἐλθὲ λόγους καὶ φόβους οὐ ποιηταῖς μόνον, ἀλλὰ

 ΛΘʹ. Τοῦτό τοι ἀντὶ ποδὸς ξεινήϊον, ὦ λῷστε καὶ συνετώτατε, ἵνα σε προσείπω τοῖς σοῖς: ταῦτα οἱ τῶν λόγων ἀποκλεισθέντες ἡμεῖς, κατὰ τὴν μεγάλην καὶ θ

 Μʹ. Οὐ γὰρ ἀγεννέστεροι τῶν νεανίσκων ἐκείνων ἡμεῖς, τῶν ἐν πυρὶ δροσισθέντων καὶ θῆρας νικησάντων ἐκ πίστεως, καὶ μητρὶ γενναίᾳ, καὶ ἱερεῖ γενναιοτέρ

 ΜΑʹ. Οὗτος ὁ λόγος σοι τῶν Πορφυρίου ψευσμάτων καὶ ληρημάτων, οἷς ὑμεῖς ὡς θείαις φωναῖς ἀγάλλεσθε, ἢ τοῦ σοῦ Μισοπώγωνος, εἴτ' οὖν Ἀντιοχικοῦ (ἀμφότε

 ΜΒʹ. Αὕτη σοι παρ' ἡμῶν στήλη, τῶν Ἡρακλείων στηλῶν ὑψηλοτέρα τε καὶ περιφανεστέρα: αἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐφ' ἑνὸς τόπου πεπήγασι, καὶ μόνοις εἰσὶ θεαταὶ τοῖς ἐκ

8. So passed that affair; but he, infatuated and urged on as he was by his furies in detail, advances to meet the finishing stroke of his crimes: for, as he supposed the matter of the Christians was going on according to his mind, and expected from what he had already accomplished that complete success (if he only willed it) would attend his enterprises; taking advantage of the tranquillity prevailing on the side of the Western barbarians, he plans the following scheme----a very sensible and very humane one, too! Having levied in these parts a double force, one military, the other of the demons who led him on (in which he placed the more confidence of the two), he marches against the Persians, trusting rather to his inconsiderate rashness 6than to the warranty of his strength, not being able to discern, very wise as he was, that courage and rashness (θάρσος, θρασος), however similar they may be in sound, are yet widely different from each other in reality as much as what we call manliness and unmanliness. For the being bold in military matters is a mark of courage, just as being dispirited is of cowardice: but where there is too much danger, to run headlong and thrust oneself into it and not check oneself, is a mark of rashness; whereas giving way shows caution,7 and it does not evince the same prudence to prefer keeping one's own, and to seek to obtain something of what is not one's own, for the former is our first duty, and to be held in honour by all sensible persons; the latter, if it can be done with facility, is to be admitted, but if it be injurious, must be given up; whilst he who risks everything he has for the sake of getting something of what he hopes for, is extremely foolish, and seems to me to be like an unskilful pugilist striking out before he fairly settles himself on his guard, or else like the captain of a ship that is going to pieces and no longer fit for sea, who sinks or attempts to sink an enemy's vessel. None of these things does he seem to have considered when he engaged without reflection in his schemes: and whilst his Romans were still convulsed and ill-disposed towards him on account of the persecution, to covet a stranger's empire and to be a Salmoneus, making thunder out of a drum, having his eyes fixed upon the Trajans and Hadrians of former times, (persons whose caution was no less admirable than their bravery,) he did not think of the Carus,8 and the Valerian who paid the penalty of their inconsiderate rashness ("not to insult misfortune," as the tragedian says) in the territories of Persians, and were destroyed in the middle of their success.

Ηʹ. Εἶχε μὲν οὖν οὕτω ταῦτα: ὁ δὲ, ταῖς κατὰ μικρὸν μανίαις οἰστρηλατούμενος καὶ δονούμενος, ἐπὶ αὐτὸ τὸ κεφάλαιον ἀπαντᾷ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ συμφορῶν. Ὡς γὰρ κατὰ νοῦν ἔχειν αὐτῷ τὰ Χριστιανῶν ᾤετο, καὶ οἷς ἤδη κατείργαστο, τὸ καὶ πᾶν ἁλωτὸν εἶναι θελήσαντι μόνον ἐλπίσας, καί τινα κατὰ τῶν ἑσπερίων βαρβάρων εὐημερίαν ἁρπάσας, μίαν βουλεύεται ταύτην βουλὴν συνετωτάτην τε καὶ φιλανθρωποτάτην. Ἄρας διττὸν ἐνθένδε στρατὸν, τὸν μὲν ὁπλιτῶν, τὸν δὲ τῶν ἀγόντων αὐτὸν δαιμόνων, ᾧ καὶ μᾶλλον εἶχε θαῤῥεῖν, ἐπὶ Πέρσας στρατεύει, θράσους ἀλογίᾳ μᾶλλον ἢ ῥώμης ἀσφαλείᾳ πιστεύσας: καὶ οὐδ' ἐκεῖνο συνιδεῖν δυνηθεὶς ὁ σοφώτατος, ὅτι θάρσος καὶ θράσος, κἂν εἰ τοῖς ὀνόμασι πλησιάζοι, πλεῖστον ἀλλήλων τῇ δυνάμει κεχώρισται, ἀνδρίᾳ τε ἣν φαμὲν καὶ ἀνανδρίᾳ. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἐν τοῖς τολμητέοις θαῤῥεῖν ἀνδρίας ἐστὶν, ὥσπερ τὸ ὑφίεσθαι δειλίας: οὗ δὲ πλείων ὁ κίνδυνος, ὁμόσε χωρεῖν καὶ ὠθίζεσθαι, ἀλλὰ μὴ κατέχεσθαι, θράσους, ὥσπερ τὸ ὑποχωρεῖν ἀσφαλείας. Καὶ οὐ τοῦ αὐτοῦ λόγου θετέον φυλάξαι τὰ ὄντα, καὶ τῶν οὐκ ὄντων τι προσλαβεῖν: τὸ μὲν γὰρ μάλιστα καὶ πρῶτον τοῖς νοῦν ἔχουσι τιμητέον: τὸ δὲ, ἂν μὲν ὑπάρχῃ μετὰ ῥᾳστώνης, δεκτέον: ἂν δὲ ἀντιπίπτῃ, περιοπτέον. Ὁ δὲ ὑπὲρ τοῦ κτήσασθαί τι τῶν ἐλπιζομένων πᾶσι τοῖς ὑπάρχουσι κινδυνεύων λίαν ἀνόητος. Καί μοι προσεοικέναι δοκεῖ πύκτῃ κακῷ τὴν τέχνην, πρὶν τὴν στάσιν εὖ θέσθαι, προβαλλομένῳ: ἢ κυβερνήτῃ λελυμένης αὐτῷ τῆς νηὸς, καὶ οὐ πλοΐμως ἐχούσης, ναῦν καταδύοντι πολεμίαν, ἢ καταδύειν ἐσπουδακότι. Ὧν μοι δοκεῖ μηδὲν ἐκεῖνος ἐνθυμηθεὶς, ἐγχειρεῖν ἀπερισκέπτως τοῖς ἐγνωσμένοις, ἔτι τῶν Ῥωμαϊκῶν ὠδινόντων αὐτῷ, καὶ κακῶς διακειμένων τῷ διωγμῷ μάλιστα, τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν περινοῶν: καὶ Σαλμωνεὺς εἶναί τις ἐκ βύρσης βροντῶν, πρὸς τοὺς Τραϊανοὺς βλέπων ἐκείνους καὶ τοὺς Ἀδριανοὺς, ὧν οὐχ ἧττον τῆς ἀνδρείας τὸ ἀσφαλὲς ἐθαυμάζετο. Τὸν Κάρον δὲ οὐκ ἐνενόει ἐκεῖνον, οὐδὲ τὸν Οὐαλεριανὸν, οἳ δίκας ἔδοσαν ὁρμῆς ἀλογίστου, ἵν', ὅ φησιν ἡ τραγῳδία, μὴ ὀνειδίζω τὰς τύχας, ἐν Περσῶν ὅροις, ἐν ἀκμῇ τῆς εὐτυχίας καταλυθέντες.