ΛΟΓΟΣ Εʹ. Κατὰ Ἰουλιανοῦ βασιλέως στηλιτευτικὸς δεύτερος.

 Αʹ. Οὗτος μὲν δὴ τῶν ἐμῶν λόγων ὁ πρῶτος ἄεθλος ἐκτετέλεσται καὶ διήνυσται: καὶ γὰρ ἐπεδειξάμην ἱκανῶς τὴν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς κακοήθειαν ἐν οἷς ἔδρασέ τε καθ'

 Βʹ. Νόσους μὲν δὴ τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἐνδίκους, καὶ ῥήξεις οὐκ ἀφανεῖς, καὶ πολυτρόπους ἄλλας πληγὰς καὶ μάστιγας οἷς τετολμήκασι παραπλησίας, καὶ θανάτους οὐ

 Γʹ. Ἐμαίνετο καθ' ἡμῶν ἀεί τι πλέον, ὥσπερ κύμασιν ἐπεγείρων κύματα, ὁ καθ' ἑαυτοῦ πρῶτον μανεὶς καὶ πατήσας τὰ ἅγια, καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος ἐνυβρί

 Δʹ. Ἐπεὶ δὲ ταῦτα καὶ διενοήθη καὶ ἔπεισεν (εὔκολον γὰρ εἰς ἀπάτην τὸ πρὸς ἡδονὴν ἅπαν), οἱ μὲν ὡς ἀναστήσοντες διενοοῦντο τὸ ἱερὸν, καὶ χειρὶ πολλῇ κ

 Εʹ. Πρὸς ταῦτα τί φήσουσιν οἱ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου σοφοὶ, καὶ τὰ παρ' αὐτοῖς ἀποσεμνύνοντες, οἱ τὰς βαθείας ὑπήνας ἕλκοντες, καὶ τὸ κομψὸν περισύροντες ἡ

 #2ʹ. Ταῦτα μὲν ἐκ τῶν οὐρανίων καὶ τῶν ἄνω συμπασχόντων τοῖς ἡμετέροις, κατὰ τὴν μεγάλην τοῦ παντὸς ἁρμονίαν τε καὶ οἰκείωσιν: τὰ δὲ ἑξῆς ὁ ψαλμὸς συμ

 Ζʹ. Ἆρ' οὖν γῆ μὲν οὕτω καὶ οὐρανός: ἀὴρ δὲ οὐκ ἐπισημαίνει τοῖς τοιούτοις καιροῖς, οὐδὲ ἡγιάσθη τότε τοῖς σημείοις τοῦ πάθους Ἐπιδειξάτωσαν ἔτι καὶ

 Ηʹ. Εἶχε μὲν οὖν οὕτω ταῦτα: ὁ δὲ, ταῖς κατὰ μικρὸν μανίαις οἰστρηλατούμενος καὶ δονούμενος, ἐπὶ αὐτὸ τὸ κεφάλαιον ἀπαντᾷ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ συμφορῶν. Ὡς γὰρ

 Θʹ. Ἀλλ' οὖν ἔδοξε ταῦτα, καὶ τῆς ὁρμῆς ἦν πᾶσαν μαντείας καὶ γοητείας, ῥητῆς τε καὶ ἀῤῥήτου θυσίας τερατείαν εἰς ἓν ἀγαγὼν, ἵν' ἐν βραχεῖ πᾶσα καταλυ

 Ιʹ. Ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἤδη, ὥσπερ ψάμμου ποδῶν ὑποσπασθείσης, ἢ νηῒ ζάλης ἀντιπεσούσης, εἰς τοὐπίσω χωρεῖ τὰ πράγματα. Ἡ γὰρ Κτησιφῶν φρούριόν ἐστι καρτερὸν

 ΙΑʹ. Ἀνὴρ γάρ τις τῶν οὐκ ἀδοκίμων ἐν Πέρσαις, τὸν ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνι πρὸς Κῦρον Ζώπυρον μιμησάμενος, ὡς δή τι τῷ Περσῶν βασιλεῖ, μᾶλλον δὲ μέγιστα καὶ ἐπὶ

 ΙΒʹ. Ὡς δὲ εἶπε ταῦτα, καὶ εἰπὼν ἔπεισεν, εὔπιστον γὰρ ἡ κουφότης, καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ μάλιστα συνελαύνοντος, ἅπαντα ἦν ὁμοῦ τὰ δεινά: τὰς μὲν ναῦς εἶχε τὸ π

 ΙΓʹ. Τὰ μὲν δὴ μέχρι τούτου τοιαύτα: τὰ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν οὐχ εἷς λέγεται λόγος, ἄλλος δὲ ἄλλῳ συμφέρεται καὶ συντίθεται, τῶν τε παρόντων ὁμοίως τῇ μάχῃ: κα

 ΙΔʹ. Ἄξιον δὲ μηδὲ τοῦτο παραδραμεῖν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς, μεγίστην τῆς ἐκείνου κακοδαιμονίας ἐπὶ πολλοῖς ἔχον ἀπόδειξιν. Ἔκειτο μὲν ἐπὶ τῇ ὄχθῃ τοῦ ποταμοῦ, κα

 ΙΕʹ. Διαδεξάμενος δὲ τὴν βασιλείαν εὐθὺς μετ' ἐκεῖνον, ὁ μετ' ἐκεῖνον ἀναῤῥηθεὶς ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ στρατοπέδῳ, καὶ τῇ τῶν κινδύνων ἀκμῇ ἀναγκαίως ἐπιζητούσῃ

 Ι#2ʹ. Τί λοιπὸν ἦν ἢ τὸ σῶμα Ῥωμαίοις ἐπαναχθῆναι τοῦ δυσσεβοῦς, καίπερ οὕτω καταστρέψαντος Ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ ἡμῖν ἐστι νεκρὸς ὁ πρὸ αὐτοῦ καταλύσας τὸν βί

 ΙΖ. Ἀλλ' οὖν ἡμεῖς, τὸ κοινότερον, τόν τε πατέρα ἐννοοῦντες τὸν βαλόμενον τὴν κρηπίδα τῆς βασιλικῆς τῷ Χριστιανισμῷ δυναστείας καὶ πίστεως, καὶ τὸν εἰ

 ΙΗʹ. Τῷ δὲ αἰσχρὰ μὲν τὰ τῆς ἐκστρατείας (ἠλαύνετο δήμοις καὶ πόλεσι, καὶ φωναῖς δημοσίαις καὶ βωμολόχοις, ὧν ἔτι καὶ νῦν οἱ πολλοὶ μνημονεύουσιν), ἀδ

 ΙΘʹ. Καὶ ταῦτα διῆλθον ὡς μέγιστα τῶν ἐκείνου κατηγορημάτων καὶ κυριώτατα, οὐκ ἀγνοῶν, ὅτι δυσὶ μὲν καὶ τρισὶ τῶν περὶ τὰ βασίλεια κολάκων, καὶ τὴν ἀσ

 Κʹ. Τί δ' ἂν εἰ λέγοιμι δικῶν μεταθέσεις καὶ μετακλίσεις διὰ μέσης νυκτὸς πολλάκις μεταβαλλομένων καὶ περιτρεπομένων, ὥσπερ ἀμπώτιδας: ἐπεὶ καὶ δικάζε

 ΚΑʹ. Ἐκεῖνο δὲ πῶς οὐκ ἐπαινετὸν τῆς τοῦ φιλοσόφου παιδεύσεως, ὅτι τοσοῦτον ἀόργητος ἦν, καὶ τῶν παθῶν ὑψηλότερος, κατὰ τοὺς πώποτε τῶν βασιλέων ἀτρέπ

 ΚΒʹ. Τὰς δὲ φυσήσεις τε καὶ ἀντιφυσήσεις, ἃς ὁ θαυμάσιος ἐκεῖνος, καὶ τὰ ἡμέτερα διασύρων, τοῖς γραϊδίοις ἀντεπεδείκνυτο, τὸ ἐπιβώμιον πῦρ ἀνάπτων, πο

 ΚΓʹ. Ταῦτα τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις ἡ πεῖρα παρέστησε, καὶ ἡ δυναστεία προλαβοῦσα τὴν ἐξουσίαν: ἐμοὶ δὲ καὶ πόῤῥωθεν τρόπον τινὰ ἑωρᾶτο, ἐξ οὗ τῷ ἀνδρὶ συνεγεν

 ΚΔʹ. Τί ἂν τὰ καθ' ἕκαστον γράφοιμι Τοῦτον πρὸ τῶν ἔργων ἐθεασάμην, ὃν καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων ἐγνώρισα. Καὶ εἴ μοι παρῆσάν τινες τῶν τηνικαῦτα συνόντων κα

 ΚΕʹ. Ταῦτα τῶν Γαλιλαίων ἡμῶν, ταῦτα τῶν ἀτίμων τὰ διηγήματα: ταῦτα οἱ τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον προσκυνοῦντες ἡμεῖς, ταῦτα οἱ τῶν ἁλιέων μαθηταὶ καὶ τῶν ἀπαιδ

 Κ#2ʹ. Ὁ μὲν οὖν τοῦ Ἰούδα βασιλεὺς Ἐζεκίας, ἐλθόντος ἐπ' αὐτὸν δυνάμει πολλῇ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων τινὸς βασιλέως, καὶ στρατοπέδῳ κυκλώσαντος τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ,

 ΚΖʹ. Ταῦτα Χριστιανοῖς παρὰ σοῦ ἀνθ' ὧν ἐσώθης δι' αὐτῶν κακῶς τὰ ἐπίχειρα Ταῦτα Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ σου ἀνταπέδωκας Πρότερον μὲν οὖν, ἡνίκα ἔτι ἀνεῖχε καὶ

 ΚΗʹ. Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν πρότερον καὶ διενοούμην καὶ ἀνεβόων πρὸς τὸν Θεόν: νυνὶ δὲ οἵας ἀνθ' οἵων μεταλαμβάνω φωνάς! θρηνῶ λοιπὸν τῶν ἀσεβῶν τὴν ἀπώλειαν,

 ΚΘʹ. Τοῦτο μὲν οὖν, ὅπη τῷ Θεῷ φίλον, οὕτως ἐχέτω. Τίς οἶδεν εἰ ὁ λύων τοὺς πεπεδημένους Θεὸς, καὶ ἀνάγων ἐκ τῶν πυλῶν τοῦ θανάτου τὸν βαρύν τε καὶ κά

 Λʹ. Δός μοι τοὺς λόγους σου τοὺς βασιλικούς τε καὶ σοφιστικοὺς, τοὺς ἀφύκτους συλλογισμούς σου καὶ τὰ ἐνθυμήματα: ἴδωμεν οἷα καὶ παρ' ἡμῖν οἱ ἁλιεῖς κ

 ΛΑʹ. Σιγάτω σὸς κῆρυξ τὰ ἄτιμα: φθεγγέσθω κῆρυξ ἐμὸς τὰ ἔνθεα. Παῦσόν σου τὰς γοητικὰς καὶ μαντικὰς βίβλους: αἱ προφητικαὶ δὲ καὶ ἀποστολικαὶ μόναι ἀν

 ΛΒʹ. Οὐκ ἔτι φθέγγεται δρῦς: οὐκ ἔτι λέβης μαντεύεται: οὐκ ἔτι Πυθία πληροῦται, οὐκ οἶδ' ὧντινων, πλὴν μύθων καὶ ληρημάτων. Πάλιν ἡ Κασταλία σεσίγηται

 ΛΓʹ. Ἄνδρες ὁμοῦ καὶ γυναῖκες, νέοι τε καὶ πρεσβύται, ὅσοι τε εἰς τὸ βῆμα τοῦτο τελεῖτε, καὶ ὅσοι τὴν κάτω τέταχθε χώραν, πάντες ὅσους ἐλυτρώσατο Κύρι

 ΛΔʹ. Τοιγάρτοι καὶ ἡμεῖς ἔργῳ τῆς θείας παιδεύσεως ἐπαισθώμεθα. Δείξωμεν ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἀξίους οὐχ ὧν πρῶτον πεπόνθαμεν, ἀλλὰ ὧν ὕστερον τετυχήκαμεν. Ἀπο

 ΛΕʹ. Πρῶτον μὲν, ἀδελφοὶ, πανηγυρίσωμεν, μὴ φαιδρότητι σώματος, μηδὲ ἐσθῆτος ἐξαλλαγαῖς καὶ πολυτελείαις, μηδὲ κώμοις καὶ μέθαις, ὧν κοίτας καὶ ἀσελγε

 Λ#2ʹ. Δεύτερον δὲ χαλεπὸν μὲν οἶδα λόγον ἐρῶν καὶ δυσπαράδεκτον τοῖς πολλοῖς: φιλεῖ γὰρ ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ ἀντιδρᾷν κακῶς γενόμενος ἄνθρωπος, ἄλλως τε κἂν

 ΛΖʹ. Νικήσωμεν ἐπιεικείᾳ τοὺς τυραννήσαντας, καὶ μάλιστα μὲν φιλανθρωπία ἔστω τὸ συγχωροῦν, καὶ ἡ τῆς ἐντολῆς δύναμις, τὴν ἴσην ἀντιδιδοῦσα φιλανθρωπί

 ΛΗʹ. Ἐῶ τὰ θεῖα καὶ τὰ ἡμέτερα, καὶ τὰς καθ' ἡμᾶς ἐκεῖθεν ἀποκειμένας μάστιγας: ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς σοὺς ἐλθὲ λόγους καὶ φόβους οὐ ποιηταῖς μόνον, ἀλλὰ

 ΛΘʹ. Τοῦτό τοι ἀντὶ ποδὸς ξεινήϊον, ὦ λῷστε καὶ συνετώτατε, ἵνα σε προσείπω τοῖς σοῖς: ταῦτα οἱ τῶν λόγων ἀποκλεισθέντες ἡμεῖς, κατὰ τὴν μεγάλην καὶ θ

 Μʹ. Οὐ γὰρ ἀγεννέστεροι τῶν νεανίσκων ἐκείνων ἡμεῖς, τῶν ἐν πυρὶ δροσισθέντων καὶ θῆρας νικησάντων ἐκ πίστεως, καὶ μητρὶ γενναίᾳ, καὶ ἱερεῖ γενναιοτέρ

 ΜΑʹ. Οὗτος ὁ λόγος σοι τῶν Πορφυρίου ψευσμάτων καὶ ληρημάτων, οἷς ὑμεῖς ὡς θείαις φωναῖς ἀγάλλεσθε, ἢ τοῦ σοῦ Μισοπώγωνος, εἴτ' οὖν Ἀντιοχικοῦ (ἀμφότε

 ΜΒʹ. Αὕτη σοι παρ' ἡμῶν στήλη, τῶν Ἡρακλείων στηλῶν ὑψηλοτέρα τε καὶ περιφανεστέρα: αἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐφ' ἑνὸς τόπου πεπήγασι, καὶ μόνοις εἰσὶ θεαταὶ τοῖς ἐκ

13. Up to this point, such is the universal account; but thenceforward, one and the same story is not told by all, but different accounts are reported and made up by different people, both of those present at the battle, and those not present; for some say that he was hit by a dart from the Persians, when engaged in a disorderly skirmish, as he was running hither and thither in his consternation; and the same fate befell him as it did to Cyrus, son of Parysatis, who went up with the Ten Thousand against his brother Artaxerxes, and by fighting inconsiderately threw away the victory through his rashness.9 Others, however, tell some such story as this respecting his end: that he had gone up upon a lofty hill to take a view of his army and ascertain how much was left him for carrying on the war; and that when he saw the number considerable and superior to his expectation, he exclaimed, "What a dreadful thing if we shall bring back all these fellows to the land of the Eomans!" as though he begrudged them a safe return. Whereupon one of his officers, being indignant and not able to repress his rage, ran him through the bowels, without caring for his own life. Others tell that the deed was done by a barbarian jester, such as follow the camp, "for the purpose of driving away ill humour and for amusing the men when they are drinking." This tale about the jester is borrowed from Lampridius, who gives it as one of the many current respecting the death of Alexander Severus. The "Historia Augusta," a recent compilation, was then in everybody's hands. At any rate, he receives a wound truly seasonable (or mortal) 10 and salutary for the whole world, and by a single cut from his slaughterer he pays the penalty for the many entrails of victims to which he had trusted (to his own destruction); but what surprises me, is how the vain man that fancied he learnt the future from that means, knew nothing of the wound about to be inflicted on his own entrails! The concluding reflection is for once very appropriate: the liver of the victim was the approved means for reading the Future, and it was precisely in that organ that the arch-diviner received the fatal thrust.

ΙΓʹ. Τὰ μὲν δὴ μέχρι τούτου τοιαύτα: τὰ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν οὐχ εἷς λέγεται λόγος, ἄλλος δὲ ἄλλῳ συμφέρεται καὶ συντίθεται, τῶν τε παρόντων ὁμοίως τῇ μάχῃ: καὶ τῶν ἀπόντων. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ὑπὸ Περσῶν αὐτὸν κατηκοντίσθαι φασὶν ἀτάκτοις ἐκδρομαῖς χρώμενον, καὶ ἄττοντα τῇδε κἀκεῖσε σὺν ἐμπληξίᾳ: καὶ ὅμοιόν τι περὶ αὐτὸν συμβῆναι τῷ Κύρου τοῦ Παρυσάτιδος, ὃς, τοῖς μυρίοις συνανελθὼν ἐπὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξην, καὶ νεανικῶς μαχόμενος, θράσει τὴν νίκην διέφθειρεν: οἱ δὲ τοιοῦτόν τινα ἐπ' αὐτῷ διηγοῦνται λόγον: Ἐπί τινα λόφον τῶν ὑψηλῶν ἀνελθὼν, ὡς ἐκ περιωπῆς τὸν στρατὸν ὄψει λαβεῖν, καὶ ὅσος ὑπελείφθη τῷ πολέμῳ μαθεῖν, ἐπειδή οἱ φανῆναι πολὺ τὸ πλῆθος, καὶ τῆς ἐλπίδος ἀφθονώτερον: Ὡς δεινὸν, εἰπεῖν, εἰ πάντας τῇ Ῥωμαίων γῇ τούτους ἐπανάξομεν: ὡς ἄν τις βασκαίνων αὐτοῖς τῆς σωτηρίας. Ἐφ' ᾧ τινα τῶν στρατιωτῶν χαλεπῄναντα, καὶ οὐ κατασχόντα τὴν ὀργὴν, ὦσαι κατὰ τῶν σπλάγχνων, ἀλογήσαντα τῆς ἑαυτοῦ σωτηρίας. Ὡς δὲ ἄλλοι, τῶν γελοιαστῶν βαρβάρων τινὰ τοῦτο τολμῆσαι (οἳ τοῖς στρατιώταις ἕπονται, λύπης τε ψυχαγωγία καὶ πότοις ἥδυσμα). Εἰσὶ δὲ οἳ καὶ Σαρακηνῶν τινι τὸ κλέος τοῦτο διδόασι. Πλὴν δέχεται πληγὴν καιρίαν ὄντως, καὶ παντὶ τῷ κόσμῳ σωτήριον, καὶ μιᾷ τομῇ σφαγέως, πολλῶν σπλάγχνων ἀπαιτεῖται δίκην κακῶς πιστευθέντων. Ὃ καὶ θαυμάζω, πῶς, πάντα γινώσκειν ὁ μάταιος ἐντεῦθεν οἰόμενος, ἓν τοῦτο τὴν κατὰ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ σπλάγχνων πληγὴν ἠγνόησεν.