John Chrysostom, On Timothy

On the Epistle to Titus (16 homilies)

OF OUR FATHER AMONG THE SAINTS JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE, CHRYSOSTOM, COMMENTARY ON THE

EPISTLE TO TITUS.

62.663 HOMILY I. Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God's elect, and the acknowledging of the truth which is after godliness; In hope of eternal life, which God, that cannot lie, promised before the world began; But hath in due times manifested His word through preaching, which is committed unto me according to

the commandment of God our Savior; To Titus, my own son after the common faith: Grace and peace from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ our Savior.

our. 1. Of those who were with Paul, this man was approved; for if he had not been approved, he would not have entrusted to him the whole island, he would not have commanded him to supply the things that were lacking; For that you should, he says, set in order the things that are wanting; he would not have committed to him the judgment of so many bishops, if he had not had great confidence in the man. They say that he was also young, because he calls him his son; but yet this is not clear from this. I think, too, that mention is made of him in the Acts. Perhaps he was also a Corinthian, unless there was another of the same name. And he calls Zenas to him, and wishes Apollos to be sent, but not this man; for even before the emperor he testified to these men of their greater courage and virtue. It seems to me that some time has intervened, and that Paul writes these things being at liberty; for he says nothing about temptations, but he continually turns up and down the grace of God, which is a sufficient exhortation to virtue for those who have believed. For to learn what things they were worthy of, and to what they were translated, and these things 62.664 by grace, and of what things they have been deemed worthy, is no small encouragement. And he directs himself also to the Jews. But if he insults the whole nation, do not be surprised; for he does this also in the case of the Galatians, saying, O foolish Galatians. But this is not of an insolent, but of an affectionate disposition. For if he did these things for his own sake, one might reasonably have blamed him; but if, being fired and fervent for the sake of the preaching, he did it not insolently. And Christ also uttered countless reproaches against the scribes and Pharisees, but not for His own sake, but because they were destroying all the others. And he makes the epistle short, with good reason. And this was a proof of Titus's virtue, that he did not need many words, but as it were a reminder. And this seems to me to be an earlier epistle than that to Timothy. For that one he wrote towards the end, being in bonds, but here being set free and loosed; for the words, I have determined to winter at Nicopolis, was proof that he was not yet in bonds; but there he constantly calls himself a prisoner. What then does he say? Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God's elect. Do you see how he places these things indifferently, sometimes calling himself a servant of God, and an apostle of Christ, and sometimes a servant of Christ, Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ? Thus he knows no difference between the Father and the Son. According to the faith of God's elect, and the acknowledging of the truth which is after godliness; in hope of eternal life. According to

In epistulam ad Titum (homiliae 16)

ΤΟΥ ΕΝ ΑΓΙΟΙΣ ΠΑΤΡΟΣ ΗΜΩΝ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΑΡΧΙΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥΠΟΛΕΩΣ, ΤΟΥ ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ, ΥΠΟΜΝΗΜΑ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ

ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΤΟΝ ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗΝ.

62.663 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Αʹ. Παῦλος δοῦλος Θεοῦ, ἀπόστολος δὲ Ἰησοῦ Χρι στοῦ, κατὰ πίστιν ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ καὶ ἐπίγνω σιν ἀληθείας τῆς κατ' εὐσέβειαν, ἐπ' ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου, ἣν ἐπηγγείλατο ὁ ἀψευδὴς Θεὸς πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων, ἐφανέρωσε δὲ καιροῖς ἰδίοις τὸν λόγον αὑτοῦ ἐν κηρύγματι, ὃ ἐπι στεύθην ἐγὼ κατ'

ἐπιταγὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Θεοῦ, Τίτῳ γνησίῳ τέκνῳ κατὰ κοινὴν πίστιν, χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος

ἡμῶν. αʹ. Τῶν Παύλῳ συνόντων δόκιμος οὗτος ἦν· εἰ μὴ γὰρ ἦν δόκιμος, οὐκ ἂν αὐτῷ τὴν νῆσον ὁλόκληρον ἐπέτρεψεν, οὐκ ἂν τὰ ἐλλειφθέντα ἀναπληρῶσαι προσέταξεν· Ἵνα γὰρ, φησὶ, τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ· οὐκ ἂν τοσούτων ἐπισκόπων κρίσιν ἐπέτρεψεν, εἰ μὴ σφόδρα ἐθάῤῥει τἀνδρί. Φασὶ δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ νέον εἶναι, διὰ τὸ τέκνον αὐτὸν λέγειν· πλὴν ἀλλ' οὔπω τοῦτο δῆλον ἀπὸ τούτου. Οἶμαι δὲ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσιν εἶναι μνείαν. Τάχα καὶ Κορίνθιος ἦν, εἰ μή τις ἕτερος ἦν ὁμώνυμος αὐτῷ. Καὶ Ζηνᾶν μὲν καλεῖ πρὸς ἑαυτὸν, καὶ Ἀπολλὼ πεμφθῆναι βούλεται, τοῦτον δὲ οὔ· καὶ γὰρ ἐναντίον τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος μείζονα τούτοις ἐμαρτύρει τὴν ἀνδρείαν καὶ τὴν ἀρετήν. ∆οκοῦσι δέ μοι χρόνοι εἶναι μέσοι τινὲς, καὶ ἐν ἀδείᾳ Παῦλος ὢν γράφει ταῦτα· οὐδὲν γὰρ περὶ πειρασμῶν φησι, συνεχῶς δὲ περιστρέφει τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν χάριν καὶ ἄνω καὶ κάτω, ἱκανὴν οὖσαν παράκλησιν τοῖς πεπιστευκόσι πρὸς ἀρετήν. Τὸ γὰρ μαθεῖν τίνων μὲν ἦσαν ἄξιοι, πρὸς τί δὲ μετέστησαν, καὶ ταῦτα 62.664 χάριτι, καὶ τίνων ἠξίωνται, οὐ μικρὰ προτροπή. Ἀποτείνεται δὲ καὶ πρὸς Ἰουδαίους. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ὁλόκληρον τὸ ἔθνος ὑβρίζει, μὴ θαυμάσῃς· καὶ ἐπὶ Γαλατῶν γὰρ αὐτὸ ποιεῖ, λέγων· Ὢ ἀνόητοι Γαλάται. Οὐχ ὑβριστικοῦ δὲ τοῦτο ἤθους, ἀλλ' ἐρωτικοῦ. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ τῶν αὑτοῦ ἕνεκεν ταῦτα ἐποίει, εἰκότως τις αὐτῷ ἐπεμέμψατο· εἰ δὲ πεπυρωμένος καὶ ζέων ὑπὲρ τοῦ κηρύγματος, οὐχ ὑβριστικῶς αὐτὸ ἐποίει. Καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς δὲ μυρία ἐλοιδορεῖτο τοῖς γραμματεῦσι καὶ Φαρισαίοις, ἀλλ' οὐχ ἑαυτοῦ ἕνεκεν, ἀλλ' ὅτι τοὺς ἄλλους ἅπαντας ἀπώλλυον. Βραχεῖαν δὲ ποιεῖ τὴν ἐπιστολὴν, εἰκότως. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ τῆς ἀρετῆς τοῦ Τίτου τεκμήριον ἦν, τὸ μὴ δεῖσθαι λόγων πολλῶν, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τινὸς ὑπομνήσεως. Αὕτη δέ μοι δοκεῖ τῆς πρὸς Τιμόθεον εἶναι προτέρα ἐπιστολῆς. Ἐκείνην μὲν γὰρ πρὸς τῷ τέλει ἐν δεσμοῖς ὢν ἔγραφεν, ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἄφετος ὢν καὶ λελυμένος· τὸ γὰρ, Κέκρικα παραχειμάσαι ἐν Νικοπόλει, τεκμήριον ἦν τοῦ μηδέπω ἐν δεσμοῖς εἶναι· ἐκεῖ δὲ συνεχῶς ἑαυτὸν δέσμιον καλεῖ. Τί οὖν φησι; Παῦλος δοῦλος Θεοῦ, ἀπόστολος δὲ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, κατὰ πίστιν ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἀδιαφόρως αὐτὰ τίθησι, ποτὲ μὲν ἑαυτὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ δοῦλον λέγων, τοῦ δὲ Χριστοῦ ἀπόστολον, ποτὲ δὲ τοῦ Χριστοῦ δοῦλον, Παῦλος δοῦλος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ; οὕτως οὐδεμίαν οἶδε διαφορὰν μεταξὺ Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ. Κατὰ πίστιν ἐκλεκτῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας τῆς κατ' εὐσέβειαν, ἐπ' ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου. Κατὰ