De orthographia (epitome) (e cod. barocc. 50)

 Meaning to be healed for trouble is an obstacle to making progress and from up, i accomplish became trouble, completing and practical and because it

 I for words ending in -ines reject the diphthong ei. 9aegina9: the name of a city, is written with an iota for words ending in -ina reject the dipht

 9argyridion9: the *ri* with an *i* from *argyros*, *argyrion*, *argyridion*, by the change of the *o* to an *i*, and it has it long. 9amphitritē9: it

 Diphthong for the aeolians say ἀγέῤῥω, and from ἀγερῶ, ἀγείρω and from having its counterpart ο for example, ἀγορὰ, as ἀλείφω, ἀλοιφή it is writte

 Of the i, aigeiros for verbals ending in ros wish to have the diphthong ei in the penultimate syllable for example, aeissō, aigeiros massō, mageiro

 For φύζα, φυζινός and λεπτὸς, λεπτινὸς, then with the syllable κι inserted, φυζακινός λεπτακινός it must be known that θαμεινὸς is written with the

 9aphuia9: it is written with an iota for the feminines formed from barytone adjectives in -es that have the genitive in -ous are written with an iota

 Swifter bluer double so thus also slower through the iota. 9shorter9: likewise, except for worse and better, and certain disyllabic words, less mo

 For the beta has become the o of the letter b, beta. 9victor9 and 9vicentius9: i. 9bikos9: the seed a cough, an altar, a clod bolos the wood, and b

 I am near by syncope. 9giganteia9: the treatise, like the odyssey and doloneia, with the diphthong ει and it is proparoxytone. 9geneion9: the νει is

 And dosine comes from the future doso (i will give), and by a change of the s to t, dotine or from the third person dedotai (it has been given) comes

 9cowardly9: through the diphthong ει for just as from the future σχήσω, meaning χωρῶ, comes χηλὸς, and it means the ark and just as from the future

 Briefly, it is written with the diphthong ει, except 196 of the opposite for example, cadmeian bacchian manly thus also darius. 9dareikos9: with t

 And 9epokeila9: with the small o, for it is from the preposition *epi*. 9heirkte9: and it means the prison, it is written with the diphthong *ei* and

 For it is by extension but the extensions do not occur through the diphthong ει, but through 201 ι therefore, οἱονεὶ and ὡσπερεὶ, being written with

 For from *eleos* (mercy) comes *eleon* (pity), and with the addition of an iota, *eileon* with a diphthong. 9eibō9: with the ei diphthong for from *l

 Of the better word. 9einatēr9: it means the bride, with the diphthong ei from *eunē* it became *eunatēr*, and by the change of u to i, *einatēr*. 9ei

 Means for example, genus a generic, specific form, with the diphthong ει but when its own house, it is written with an ι. 9εἶαρ9: with the diphthon

 The imperative for they have a custom of changing the ε for example, ὄνειρος, ὄνοιρος. 9εἴρω9: it means i say, with the diphthong ει for the ε ap

 For instance, `peitho`, `peiso`, `pepoitha` `leibo`, `leipso`, `leloipha` if therefore `migo`, `mixo`, were written with the diphthong `ei`, the per

 Will be turned9. 9strife, of strife kids conjecture tool9 9elegy votive suddenly9. 9eikaios9: it means vain, and at random. 9hermes9: the word, a

 Through the diphthong ει for from θεὸς came θέϊος, and by synaeresis of ε and ι into the diphthong ει, θεῖος, and by pleonasm of η, ἠδεῖος just as β

 Having the 'o' set against it by means of the diphthong 'oi' for example, ameibō amoibē loibē stoibē. 9theilopedon9: it signifies the place where

 From *kopto*, *dais* and by change of *a* to *e* *des*, and by addition of *r* *deris*, so also from *eiro*, meaning *to say*, comes *iris*. 9ibis9: i

 9ἰοχέαιρα9: i she who delights in the arrow. 9ἶποσ9: it means the trap for mice, i for it comes from ἴπτω, which means to harm for words ending in

 And to let go. 9ἰῶ9: ias, iēmi, iamai, to heal. 9ἐῶ9: eeis, eei, eēmi, eemai, ēreēmenos, the participle, and kathēmenos. 9ἱῶ9: hieis, hiei, hiēmi, hēs

 9caicus9: is the name of a river for proper nouns ending in -ikos avoid the diphthong -ei for example, grenikos hellenikos andronikos hence the w

 Kleitophon kleitos, the glorious. 9kleisthenes9: from kleos and sthenos comes kleisthenes. 9kleio9: it means to glorify for from kleos comes kleo, a

 Is killed through the i, and through two n's. 9capetoleum9: the diphthong ei and it is proparoxytone. 9ceryceum9: for from the possessive ceryceïum.

 To be awake but perhaps just as the gazelle has its eyes open while sleeping, in the same way the lion also has its eyes open while sleeping, since i

 Diphthong for the ε appeared in λεαίνω. 9λεξείδιον9: with the diphthong ει, the ξ for it comes from the genitive of λέξις. 9λιμπάνω9: ι for it come

 From `neo` comes `neïlos`, and by contraction `neilos` or from `neo`, which means to flow, and `ilys` comes `neïlos`, and `neilos` for the nile is s

 9autumnal9: it is written with an iota for all oxytone words ending in -nos referring to time are written with an iota for example, winterly summer

 `oineus` has been formed but those [words] from those [ending] in `eus` formed with `eides` are written with the diphthong `ei` for example, `peleus

 Has come about by epenthesis of nu and nu is accustomed to be inserted in barytone verbs having only one vowel of ambiguous length for example, dyō,

 9pithi9: it is written with an iota it means drink for from *piō* it became *pithi* by extension of the syllable *thi*, and it is written with an

 But rising at the end it is written with the diphthong ει, because pleias is found by diastasis with the extension of the ε into η 9pyrois9. 9peirae

 The strait has come to be in the middle. 255 9ῥηγμίσ9: the ρη is eta, from ῥήσσω and the μις is iota, as a disyllabic ending. 9ῥοδωνία9: iota, just l

 Rufus. 9σφραγίσ9: with iota for feminine oxytone words ending in -is of more than one syllable, being in common use, reject the diphthong ei for exa

 Painter of eyes. 9sinapi9: the si with an i, by the rule of stīmi the nē with an ē, from saying sinapin the pi with an i, as it is neuter. 9stiteira

 Aphrodisialon, that which is gathered in the mouth. 262 9steirieus9: through the ei diphthong for from *stereon* (solid) it became *sterieus*, and by

 Ia for proparoxytones, but at the beginning through i or because from *triton* (third) comes tritogeneia or because from *tritaia* as if, she who a

 9three9: the one with a circumflex through the diphthong ει and it ought to have been written with an ι, since the genitive plural is τριῶν, and the

 From *dapedon*, *dapedeinos*, and by syncope *dapeinos*, and by change of the *d* to *t* *tapeinos* or from *patō* comes *patos* as it were, the pla

 A river's name bios dios chios so also phlios except for meīos leios theios keios from keō pleios chreios, the one in need areios, the weak

 According to tradition. 9destroyed9: with the diphthong ει for it comes from φθείρω which is with the diphthong ει but it is also written with ι fro

 Coinciding with the name of a letter and it keeps the same spelling as it for example, the number twenty in its beginning sound coincides with the le

 I shear, i shear or from `χρέω` comes `χέλος`, and with the addition of iota, `χεῖλος` (lip) for in it the food is held. 9χρείω9: and it means to gi

 Ending, as in ὥσει and οἱονεί. 9quick-birthing potion9: ei diphthong for also ὠκυτοκεύς. 9odeon9: ei diphthong, as *i write*, *writing-tool* *i send

De orthographia (epitome) (e cod. Barocc. 50)

CHOEROBOSCUS' ORTHOGRAPHY.

20The beginning, with God, of the quantitative orthography according to the elements from the voice of George Choeroboscus of Byzantium, grammarian and ecumenical teacher; cut in summary from his universal and extensive Orthography; so that what is sought may be easily seen in brief, along with the reasons for each.20 Art, approach the rules armed, striking all the barbarized who have mind but are deprived of speech; you have the courage and conquer rightly, having for victory the words of George; approach then, adorned with these words, and show us the rules confirmed. 9Aktis9: Through the long ι as having a double ending; for it is ἡ ἀκτὶς and ἡ ἀκτίν; for all words with double endings are written with the long ι; for example, δελφὶς, δελφίν; Ἐλευσὶς, Ἐλευσίν; γλωχὶς, γλωχίν; Τελχὶς, Τελχίν; ῥὶς, ῥίν; θὶς, θίν; moreover, those ending in -ις, whether masculine, or feminine, or having double endings, or simple, or not simple, or having a long final syllable, or not having a long final syllable, or barytone, or not barytone, being in common use, avoid the spelling with the diphthong ει; for example, πόλις; Θέτις; χάρις; λέξις; πέψις; κνημίς; ἀσπίς; ῥανίς; βολίς; and κρηπίς; and otherwise; oxytone feminine nouns in -ις of more than one syllable, being in common use, avoid the ει diphthong; ἀσπίς; ῥανίς; βολὶς, and similar words; and otherwise those ending in ν, 168 whether masculine or feminine, do not have a diphthong before the ν; for example, Ἕλλην; αὐχήν; Τιτάν; and ἀκτὶς is derived etymologically from ἄγω, ἄξω, ἦχα, ἦγμαι, ἦξαι, ἦκται, ἀκτίς; as if "that which is borne everywhere"; for the ray of the sun is borne everywhere; or from ἦκται ἐκτὸς, from this comes ἀκτίς. 9Amphion9: Through the ι; for it is a proper name from the preposition ἀμφὶ and the participle ἴων, making ἀμφιΐων, a barytone; and ἀμφίων, by crasis of the ϊ into one long ι; for barytones in -ιων which change the ω to ο in the genitive, whether proper names or not proper barytones; for example, Ἠμαθίων, Ἠμαθίωνος; and the oxytone nouns of common gender; for example, ὁ περικτιὼν and ἡ περικτιών; avoid the ει diphthong in the penultimate syllable; except for πλείων; χερείων; μείων, and ἀρείων of the comparative.

9Amphios9: Through the ι according to tradition; and it comes from Amphion

Amphios just as from Ἀκταίων, Ἀκταῖος; from the preposition ἀμφὶ therefore comes Amphios with a long ι; both because it is proparoxytone, and because it is not from verbs in -ευω. 9Alpheios9: The φει is a diphthong according to tradition; it is a river, and it is said to be Alpheios from healing the ἀλφοὺς, that is, the lepers. 9Arneios9: The νει is a diphthong; it comes about thus; there is ἀρὰ, the prayer, from this comes ἀρὴν ἀρῆνος, that is, what is offered upon a prayer; by syncope, ἀρνός; and this genitive is transferred to the nominative; for example, ἀρνός; by pleonasm of the ει it becomes ἀρνειὸς, just as ἀδελφὸς, ἀδελφειός. 9Aphneios9: The φνει is a diphthong; it comes about thus; there is ἔνος, the year; and from this comes ἄφενος, that is, the wealth gathered from the fruits of the year; and from ἄφενος comes ἀφενειὸς, and by syncope ἀφνειός. 9Aginein9: The γι is ι; the νειν is a diphthong, as it is an infinitive; just like ἄγειν; it comes from a verb; from ἄγω comes ἀγνῶ, and by pleonasm of the long ι it becomes ἀγινῶ. 169 9Ania9: Through the ι; from αἴνω, which means "I heal"; for ania (grief) is deprived of healing; and from ἰέναι the

De orthographia (epitome) (e cod. Barocc. 50)

ΧΟΙΡΟΒΟΣΚΟΥ ΟΡΘΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ.

20Ἀρχὴ σὺν Θεῶι τοῦ ποσοῦ τῆς ὀρθογραφίας κατὰ στοι χεῖα ἀπὸ φωνῆς Γεωργίου τοῦ Χοιροβοσκοῦ Βυζαντίου γραμματικοῦ καὶ οἰκουμενικοῦ διδασκάλου· ἐν συν τομίαι τμηθὲν ἐκ τῆς καθόλου καὶ κατὰ πλάτος αὐτοῦ Ὀρθογραφίας· διὰ τὸ ἐν συντόμωι εὐσύνοπτον εἶναι τὸ ζητούμενον, σὺν καὶ ταῖς αἰτίαις ἑκάστου.20 Τέχνη πρόσελθε τοῖς κανόσιν ὡπλισμένη, βάλλουσα πάντας τοὺς βεβαρβαρωμένους τοὺς νοῦν ἔχοντας ἐστερημένους λόγου· ἔχεις τὸ θαῤῥεῖν καὶ τὸ νικᾶν εἰκότως, νίκην ἔχουσα τοὺς Γεωργίου λόγους· πρόσελθε λοιπὸν τοῖς λόγοις κοσμουμένη, καὶ δεῖξον ἡμῖν τοὺς κανόνας ἐῤῥωμένους. 9Ἀκτίσ9: ∆ιὰ τοῦ ι μακροῦ ὡς δικατάληκτον· ἡ ἀκτὶς γὰρ καὶ ἡ ἀκτίν· πάντα γὰρ τὰ δικατάληκτα διὰ τοῦ ι μακροῦ γράφεται· οἷον, δελφὶς, δελφίν· Ἐλευσὶς, Ἐλευσίν· γλωχὶς, γλωχίν· Τελχὶς, Τελχίν· ῥὶς, ῥίν· θὶς, θίν· ἄλλωστε τὰ εἰς ις λήγοντα, εἴτε ἀρσενικὰ, εἴτε θηλυκὰ, εἴτε δικατάληκτα, εἴτε ἁπλᾶ, εἴτε μὴ ἁπλᾶ, εἴτε μακροκατάληκτα, εἴτε μὴ μακροκα τάληκτα, εἴτε βαρύτονα, εἴτε μὴ βαρύτονα, κοινολεκτούμενα ἀποστρέφονται τὴν διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου γραφήν· οἷον, πόλις· Θέτις· χάρις· λέξις· πέψις· κνημίς· ἀσπίς· ῥανίς· βολίς· καὶ κρηπίς· καὶ ἄλλως· τὰ εἰς ις ὀξύτονα θηλυκὰ ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν κοινολεκτούμενα ἀποστρέφονται τὴν ει δίφθογγον· ἀσπίς· ῥανίς· βολὶς, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια· καὶ ἄλλως τὰ εἰς ν λή 168 γοντα, εἴτε ἀρσενικὰ, εἴτε θηλυκὰ, οὐκ ἔχουσι πρὸ τοῦ ν δί φθογγον· οἷον, Ἕλλην· αὐχήν· Τιτάν· γέγονεν δὲ ἀκτὶς ἀπὸ ἐτυμολογίας ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄγω, ἄξω, ἦχα, ἦγμαι, ἦξαι, ἦκται, ἀκτίς· οἱονεὶ ἡ πανταχοῦ φερομένη· ἡ γὰρ ἀκτὶς τοῦ ἡλίου πανταχοῦ φέρεται· ἢ ἐκ τοῦ ἦκται ἐκτὸς, ἐκ τούτου ἀκτίς. 9Ἀμφίων9: ∆ιὰ τοῦ ι· ἔστι γὰρ ὄνομα κύριον ἀπὸ τῆς ἀμφὶ προθέσεως καὶ τῆς ἴων μετοχῆς, ἀμφιΐων, βαρύτονον· καὶ ἀμ φίων, κατὰ κράσιν τοῦ ϊ εἰς ἓν ι μακρόν· τὰ γὰρ διὰ τοῦ ϊων βαρύτονα τρέποντα τὸ ω εἰς ο ἐν τῇ γενικῇ, εἴτε κύρια, εἴτε μὴ κύρια βαρύτονα· οἷον, Ἠμαθίων, Ἠμαθίωνος· καὶ τὰ ὀξύτονα τὰ κοινὰ τῷ γένει· οἷον, ὁ περικτιὼν καὶ ἡ περικτιών· ἀποστρέ φεται τὴν ει δίφθογγον κατὰ τὴν παραλήγουσαν· χωρὶς τοῦ πλείων· χερείων· μείων, καὶ ἀρείων τοῦ συγκριτικοῦ.

9Ἄμφιοσ9: ∆ιὰ τοῦ ι κατὰ τὴν παράδοσιν· γέγονεν δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀμφίων

Ἄμφιος ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀκταίων, Ἀκταῖος· ἐκ τῆἀμφὶ προθέσεως οὖν γέγονεν Ἄμφιος διὰ τοῦ ι μακροῦ· καὶ διὰ τὸ εἶναι προπαροξύτονον, καὶ διὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι διὰ τοῦ ευω ῥημάτων. 9Ἀλφειόσ9: Τὸ φει δίφθογγον κατὰ τὴν παράδοσιν· ποταμὸς δέ ἐστιν, καὶ λέγεταί περ Ἀλφειὸς παρὰ τὸ θεραπεύειν τοὺς ἀλφοὺς ἤγουν τοὺς λεπρούς. 9Ἀρνειόσ9: Τὸ νει δίφθογγον· γέγονεν δὲ οὕτως· ἔστιν ἀρὰ ἡ εὐχὴ, ἐκ τούτου γίνεται ἀρὴν ἀρῆνος, τουτέστιν τὸ ἐπὶ εὐχῆς παραβαλλόμενον· κατὰ συγκοπὴν ἀρνός· καὶ μετάγεται αὔτη ἡ γενικὴ εἰς εὐθεῖαν· οἷον, ἀρνός· κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τῆς ει γί νεται ἀρνειὸς, ὥσπερ ἀδελφὸς, ἀδελφειός. 9Ἀφνειόσ9: Τὸ φνει δίφθογγον· γέγονεν οὕτως· ἐστὶν ἔνος ὁ ἐνιαυτός· καὶ ἐκ τούτου γίνεται ἄφενος, τουτέστιν ὁ ἐκ τῶν καρπῶν τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ συναγόμενος πλοῦτος· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἄφενος γίνεται ἀφενειὸς, καὶ κατὰ συγκοπὴν ἀφνειός. 9Ἀγινεῖν9: Τὸ γι ι· τὸ νειν δίφθογγον, ὡς ἀπαρέμφατον· ὡς καὶ τὸ ἄγειν· γέγονεν δὲ ἀπὸ ῥήματος· ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄγω ἀγνῶ, καὶ κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ ι μακροῦ γίνεται ἀγινῶ. 169 9Ἀνία9: ∆ιὰ τοῦ ι· ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴνω, τὸ σημαῖνον τὸ θεραπεύω· ἡ γὰρ ἀνία ἐστέρηται τῆς θεραπείας· καὶ παρὰ τὸ ἰέναι τὸ