Fragments on the Epistle to the Galatians (in catenae)

Gal: Prologue

When the preaching was received among the Gentiles, certain men from the circumcision went out and persuaded the Gentiles to Judaize, and the first inquiry concerning this seems to have occurred in Antioch, that the apostles wrote not to be subject to the law, but to abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols and from blood and from what has been strangled and from sexual immorality; for so it seemed good to the Holy Spirit. But this disease took hold of the Galatians, who wanted to Judaize in agreement. And they were persuaded by those who perverted them, saying that the other apostles do not forbid those who wish to keep the law. 299 Gal 1,4 He shows that not Moses died for the world, nor any other of the prophets. Therefore, one must not be overcome by one who did not save, but by the one who died for us. Gal 1,6-7 To another gospel, which is not another, he says; for our gospel and that of the apostles wants you to be outside the law. Gal 1,8-10 Let him be an angel, but why also we? When we preached, we preached by the power of the Holy Spirit; but the Holy Spirit does not change his mind. If, therefore, we say other things, we have abandoned the things of the Spirit. Therefore, let the preacher also be anathema, setting aside the preaching. Beyond what you received. I did not preach, he says, and you did not receive, but I both preached, and you received. Neither do I repent of having preached, and you, keep what you have received. For am I now persuading men, or God? Or am I seeking to please men? If I were still pleasing men, I would not be a servant of Christ. Being about to remind them of his own gospel, he first secures it so that they might not think that he is flattering them by yielding; for he rebukes while admonishing. And by saying if still, he showed that he once pleased men. But whom did he please? Those from whom he received letters to harm the faithful in Damascus. If, therefore, he says, I were still pleasing the Jews, I would not have believed in Christ. Gal 1,13 What need of his manner of life in Judaism but to show that he serves not prejudice but truth; for not by hating the law did he run to grace—for he was avenging it—but having found what is perfect, he departed from the law. Now he shows that he has something more than those around Peter; for they were not zealous for Judaism while disobeying Christianity as I was. 300 Do not suppose, therefore, that by hating the law I came to grace—for I was avenging the law—but I found what is perfect, and I do not make the law equal to perfect grace. Gal 1,16 And he says this not to slander the apostles, but that I did not confer with mortal flesh. Gal 2,16 For if no one is justified by works which bring toil, but by faith where the ease and the greatness of righteousness are, how does he not say it is necessary to leave the law and be content with grace? He says not to be justified by works of the law, not by commandments; for the commandment, being heard, justifies, but the work was what was difficult to achieve. Gal 2,18 The argument is to Peter; you destroyed these things by the decree which was sent from you to the Antiochenes and to the whole world. It is therefore improper to teach others these things, from the care of which you departed and destroyed by your own decree. Gal 2,19- The law has the working and enjoyment of bodily things: eat this and do not eat that, keep the sabbath, circumcision. Grace does not want you to be well-pleasing through these things. I have been made dead, therefore, he says, to these things. What need have I of the law? But I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. What I lived for myself, I was under the law. But since Christ lives in me, who is no longer under the law but in heaven at the right hand of the Father, I do not set aside the one living in me. And what I now live in the flesh, I live in faith. For I believe in the Son of God. And if the Son of God in whom I believe is at the right hand of the Father, I live as a citizen in heaven; but the law had its observances among the things on earth. Therefore I am not subject to the law. 301 Gal 3,19-22 The law was more burdensome,

Fragmenta in epistulam ad Galatas (in catenis)

Gal: Prolog

Τοῦ κηρύγματος εἰς τὰ ἔθνη δεχθέντος τινὲς τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς περιτομῆς ἐξιόντες ἔπειθον τὰ ἔθνη ἰουδαΐζειν, καὶ πρώτη περὶ τούτου φαίνεται ζήτησις γεγενημένη ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ, ὅτι οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἔγραψαν μὴ ὑποκεῖσθαι νόμῳ, ἀπέχεσθαι δὲ εἰδωλοθύτου καὶ αἵματος καὶ πνικτοῦ καὶ πορνείας· οὕτω γὰρ ἔδοξε τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι. ἐκράτησε δὲ τὸ νόσημα τοῦτο τῶν Galατῶν συμφώνως ἰουδαΐζειν βουληθέντων. ἐπείσθησαν δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν διαστρεφόντων λεγόντων, ὡς οἱ λοιποὶ ἀπόστολοι οὐ κωλύουσι τοὺς βουλομένους τηρεῖν τὸν νόμον. 299 Gal 1,4 ∆είκνυσιν ὅτι οὐ Μωϋσῆς ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τοῦ κόσμου οὐδέ τις τῶν προφητῶν ἄλλος. οὐ δεῖ τοίνυν ἡττᾶσθαι τοῦ μὴ σώσαντος, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀποθανόντος. Gal 1,6-7 Εἰς ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον ὃ οὐκ ἔστιν ἕτερον, φησίν· τὸ γὰρ ἡμέτερον εὐαγγέλιον καὶ τὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐκτὸς ὑμᾶς εἶναι βούλεται νόμου. Gal 1,8-10 Ἔστω ἄγγελος, διὰ τί δὲ καὶ ἡ μεῖς; ὅτε ἐκηρύττομεν, πνεύματος ἁγίου δυνάμει ἐκηρύξαμεν· τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον οὐ μετανοεῖ. ἐὰν οὖν ἄλλα εἴπωμεν, κατελίπομεν τὰ τοῦ πνεύματος. ἔστω οὖν καὶ ὁ κῆρυξ ἀνάθεμα, ἀθετῶν τὸ κήρυγμα. Παρ' ὃ παρελάβετε. οὐκ ἐκήρυξα μὲν ἐγώ, φησίν, ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἐλάβετε, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐγὼ ἐκήρυξα, καὶ ὑμεῖς παρελάβετε. οὔτε ἐγὼ μετανοῶ κηρύξας, καὶ ὑμεῖς τηρήσατε ὃ εἰλήφατε. Ἄρτι γὰρ ἀνθρώπους πείθω ἢ τὸν θεόν; ἢ ζητῶ ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσκειν; εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην. μέλλων αὐτοὺς ὑπομιμνήσκειν τοῦ ἰδίου εὐαγγελίου, προλαβὼν ἀσφαλίζεται ἵνα μὴ νομίσωσιν ὅτι θεραπεύει ὑπαγόμενος· ἐπιπλήττει γὰρ νουθετῶν. εἰπὼν δὲ εἰ ἔτι, ἐδήλωσεν ὅτι ἤρεσκε ποτὲ ἀνθρώποις. τίσι δὲ ἤρεσκεν; παρ' ὧν ἔλαβεν ἐπιστολὰς τοὺς εἰς ∆αμασκὸν πιστοὺς κακῶσαι. εἰ οὖν, φησίν, ἤρεσκον ἔτι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, οὐκ ἂν ἐπίστευσα τῷ Χριστῷ. Gal 1,13 Τίς χρεία τῆς ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ ἀναστροφῆς ἀλλ' ἵνα δείξῃ, ὅτι οὐ προλήψει δουλεύει ἀλλ' ἀληθείᾳ· οὐ γὰρ μισήσας τὸν νόμον ὑπέδραμε τὴν χάριν-ἐξεδίκει γὰρ αὐτόν-ἀλλ' εὑρὼν τὸ τέλειον ἀπέστη τοῦ νόμου. Νῦν δείκνυσιν ὅτι πλέον τι τῶν περὶ Πέτρον ἔχει· οὐ γὰρ ἐζήλωσαν ἐκεῖνοι ὑπὲρ τοῦ Ἰουδαϊσμοῦ ἀπειθοῦντες τῷ Χριστιανισμῷ ὡς ἐγώ. 300 μὴ τοίνυν οἰηθῇτε ὅτι μισήσας τὸν νόμον ἦλθον εἰς τὴν χάριν- ἐξεδίκουν γὰρ τὸν νόμον-ἀλλ' εὗρον τὸ τέλειον, καὶ οὐκ ἐξισῶ τὸν νόμον τῇ τελείᾳ χάριτι. Gal 1,16 Οὐ διαβάλλων δὲ τοὺς ἀποστόλους τοῦτό φησιν, ἀλλ' ὅτι οὐκ ἐστοίχησα θνητῇ σαρκί. Gal 2,16 Εἰ γὰρ ἐξ ἔργων οὐδεὶς δικαιοῦται τῶν πόνον φερόντων, ἐκ δὲ πίστεως ὅπου τὸ τῆς εὐκολίας καὶ τὸ τῆς δικαιοσύνης μέγα, πῶς οὐκ ἀναγκαῖόν φησιν ἐάσαντας νόμον ἀρκεῖσθαι τῇ χάριτι; ἐξ ἔργων νόμου λέγει μὴ δικαιοῦσθαι, οὐκ ἐξ ἐντολῶν· ἡ γὰρ ἐντολὴ δικαιοῖ ἀκουομένη, τὸ δὲ ἔργον ἦν τὸ δυσκατόρθωτον. Gal 2,18 Πρὸς τὸν Πέτρον ὁ λόγος· σὺ κατέλυσας αὐτὰ δόγματι ὅπερ ἀπεστάλη παρ' ὑμῶν τοῖς Ἀντιοχεῦσι καὶ πάσῃ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ. ἀπρεπὲς οὖν ταύτα διδάσκειν ἑτέρους, ὧν τῆς ἐπιμελείας ἀπέστης καὶ ἰδίῳ κατέλυσας δόγματι. Gal 2,19- Ὁ νόμος τῶν σωματικῶν ἔχει τὴν ἐργασίαν καὶ τὴν ἀπόλαυσιν, τόδε φάγε καὶ τόδε μὴ φάγῃς, σάββατον τήρησον, περιτομήν. ἡ χάρις οὐ βούλεταί σε διὰ τούτων εὐδοκιμεῖν. ἐνεκρώθην οὖν, φησί, τούτοις. τί χρείαν ἔχω νόμου; Ζῶ δὲ οὐκέτι ἐγώ, ζῇ δὲ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός. ὃ ἐγὼ ἔζων ἐμαυτῷ, ὑπὸ νόμον ἤμην. ἐπειδὴ δὲ Χριστὸς ζῇ ἐν ἐμοί, ὁ μηκέτι ὑπὸ νόμον ἀλλ' ἐν οὐρανοῖς ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ πατρός, οὐκ ἀθετῶ τὸν ἐν ἐμοὶ ζῶντα. Ὃ δὲ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκί, ἐν πίστει ζῶ. πιστεύω γὰρ εἰς τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ. εἰ δὲ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ᾧ πιστεύω, ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ πατρός, ἐν οὐρανοῖς πολιτεύομαι· ὁ δὲ νόμος ἐν τοῖς ἐπὶ γῆς εἶχε τὰς τηρήσεις. οὐκ ἄρα ὑπόκειμαι νόμῳ. 301 Gal 3,19-22 Ἐβάρει πλέον ὁ νόμος,