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having been broadened by the law of God, and from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob who was surnamed Israel, through David who first reigned from the tribe of this same Judah, having inherited the perfect name of Judaism. For the apostle, rebuking, spoke clearly concerning 1.165 these four heresies: «for in Christ Jesus there is neither barbarian, nor Scythian, nor Greek, nor Jew, but a new creation.» Differences among the Greeks: 5. Pythagoreans, or Peripatetics. Pythagoras taught the monad and providence and the prohibition of sacrificing to the so-called gods, and not to partake of animate things, and to abstain from wine. He also distinguished, saying that things from the moon and above are immortal, but things below are mortal; and the transmigrations of souls from bodies into bodies, even into animals and beasts, and at the same time he taught to practice silence for a period of five years. Finally, he named himself a god. 6. Platonists taught of God and matter and form, and that the world is created and corruptible, but the soul is uncreated and immortal and divine; and that it has three parts, the rational, the spirited, and the appetitive; and that women should be common to all and no one should have one wife of his own, but those who wish should be with those who are willing; and likewise the transmigration of souls into different bodies, even to beasts, and at the same time they also taught many gods from the one. 7. Stoics teach that the universe is a body and consider this sensible world to be god, and some have declared that it has its nature from the substance of fire. And they define God as mind and 1.166 as the soul of every existing body of heaven and earth; and its body is the universe, as I said, and its eyes the luminaries. And that the flesh of all perishes and the soul of all is transmigrated from body to body. 8. Epicureans held that atoms and indivisible bodies, both homogeneous and infinite, are the principle of all things and taught that the end of happiness is pleasure and that neither God nor providence governs affairs. 9. Samaritanism and from it the Samaritans, which is from Judaism, before heresies were established among the Greeks and before their doctrines were organized, but after the religion of the Greeks existed, and taking its pretext from the middle of Judaism, from the times of Nebuchadnezzar and the captivity of the Jews; being settlers from the Assyrians in Judea and having received only the Pentateuch of Moses, which the king sent to them from Babylon through a priest called Ezra, holding all things the same as the Jews, except for abominating the gentiles and not touching any of them and except for denying the resurrection of the dead and the other prophecies after Moses. Four sects of Samaritans: 10. Gorothenes, who celebrate the feasts at different times than the Sebouaeans. 11. Sebouaeans, who differ from the Gorothenes for the same reason of the feasts. 12. Essenes, who oppose neither, but celebrate with whomever they happen to be with, indifferently. 13. Dositheans, living by the same customs as the Samaritans, with circumcision and the Sabbath and the others, and using the Pentateuch, but more than the others observing abstinence from animate things and living in very frequent fasts. And 1.167 some of them keep virginity, and others practice continence. They believe in the resurrection of the dead, which is foreign to Samaritans. Seven heresies of the Jews: 14. Scribes, who were lawyers and repeaters of the traditions from

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νόμου ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πλατυνθείς, ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἰούδα, τετάρτου υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἰακὼβ τοῦ ἐπικληθέντος Ἰσραήλ,διὰ ∆αυὶδ τοῦ πρώτου βασιλεύσαντος ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἰούδα φυλῆς τὸ τέλειον τοῦ Ἰουδαϊσμοῦ ὄνομα κεκληρωμένος. σαφῶς γὰρ περὶ 1.165 τούτων τῶν τεσσάρων αἱρέσεων ὁ ἀπόστολος ἐπιτιμῶν ἔφη «ἐν γὰρ Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ οὐ βάρβαρος, οὐ Σκύθης, οὐχ Ἕλλην, οὐκ Ἰουδαῖος ἀλλὰ καινὴ κτίσις». Ἑλλήνων διαφοραί· ε. Πυθαγόρειοι εἴτ' οὖν Περιπατητικοί· τὴν μονάδα καὶ τὴν πρόνοιαν καὶ τὸ κωλύειν θύεσθαι τοῖς δῆθεν θεοῖς Πυθαγόρας ἐδογμάτισεν, ἐμψύχων τε μὴ μεταλαμβάνειν, ἀπὸ οἴνου δὲ ἐγκρατεύεσθαι. διώριζεν δὲ ἅμα τὰ ἀπὸ σελήνης καὶ ἄνω ἀθάνατα λέγων, τὰ δὲ ὑποκάτω θνητά· μεταγγισμούς τε ψυχῶν ἀπὸ σωμάτων εἰς σώματα ἄχρι ζῴων καὶ κνωδάλων, σιωπὴν δὲ ἅμα ἀσκεῖν ἐπὶ χρόνον πέντε ἐτῶν ἐδίδασκε. τὸ τελευταῖον δὲ ἑαυτὸν θεὸν ὠνόμασε. ς΄ ϛ. Πλατωνικοὶ θεὸν καὶ ὕλην καὶ εἶδος, καὶ τὸν κόσμον γενητὸν καὶ φθαρτὸν ὑπάρχειν, τὴν ψυχὴν δὲ ἀγένητον καὶ ἀθάνατον καὶ θείαν· εἶναι δὲ αὐτῆς τρία μέρη, λογικὸν θυμικὸν καὶ ἐπιθυμητικόν· τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας κοινὰς τοῖς πᾶσι γίνεσθαι καὶ μηδένα μίαν ἔχειν γαμετὴν ἰδίαν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς θέλοντας ταῖς βουλομέναις συνεῖναι· μεταγγισμὸν δὲ ὡσαύτως ψυχῶν εἰς σωμάτων διαφορὰς ἄχρι κνωδάλων, ὁμοῦ δὲ καὶ θεοὺς ἐκ τοῦ ἑνὸς πολλοὺς ἐδογμάτισαν. ζ. Στωϊκοὶ σῶμα τὸ πᾶν δογματίζοντες καὶ τὸν αἰσθητὸν τοῦτον κόσμον θεὸν νομίζοντες, τινὲς δὲ ἐκ τῆς τοῦ πυρὸς οὐσίας τὴν φύσιν ἔχειν αὐτὸν ἀπεφήναντο. καὶ τὸν μὲν θεὸν νοῦν ὁρίζουσι καὶ 1.166 ὡς ψυχὴν παντὸς τοῦ ὄντος κύτους οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς· σῶμα δὲ αὐτοῦ τὸ πᾶν, ὡς ἔφην, καὶ ὀφθαλμοὺς τοὺς φωστῆρας. τὴν δὲ σάρκα πάντων ἀπόλλυσθαι καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν πάντων μεταγγίζεσθαι ἀπὸ σώματος εἰς σῶμα. η. Ἐπικούρειοι ἄτομα καὶ ἀμερῆ σώματα, ὁμοιομερῆ τε καὶ ἄπειρα τὴν ἀρχὴν εἶναι τῶν πάντων ὑπεστήσαντο καὶ τέλος εἶναι εὐδαιμονίας τὴν ἡδονὴν ἐδογμάτισαν καὶ μήτε θεὸν μήτε πρόνοιαν τὰ πράγματα διοικεῖν. θ. Σαμαρειτισμὸς καὶ οἱ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ Σαμαρεῖται, ὅς ἐστιν ἀπὸ Ἰουδαϊσμοῦ, πρὸ μὲν τοῦ καταστῆναι αἱρέσεις εἰς Ἕλληνας καὶ πρὸ τοῦ συστῆναι αὐτῶν τὰ δόγματα, μετὰ δὲ τὸ εἶναι Ἑλλήνων τὴν θρῃσκείαν καὶ μέσον τοῦ Ἰουδαϊσμοῦ τὴν πρόφασιν εἰληφὼς ἀπὸ τῶν χρόνων Ναβουχοδονόσορ καὶ τῆς τῶν Ἰουδαίων αἰχμαλωσίας· μέτοικοι δὲ ὄντες ἀπὸ Ἀσσυρίων εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν καὶ λαβόντες τὴν πεντάτευχον μόνην Μωυσέως, τοῦ βασιλέως αὐτοῖς ἀποστείλαντος ἀπὸ Βαβυλῶνος διὰ ἱερέως Ἔσδρα καλουμένου, τὰ πάντα ἔχοντες ἴσα Ἰουδαίων, πλὴν τοῦ βδελύττεσθαι τὰ ἔθνη καὶ μήτε προσψαύειν τινῶν καὶ πλὴν τοῦ ἀρνεῖσθαι νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν καὶ τὰς ἄλλας προφητείας τὰς μετὰ Μωυσέα. Σαμαρειτῶν ἔθνη τέσσαρα· ι. Γοροθηνοί, οἱ ἄλλοις καιροῖς τὰς ἑορτὰς ἄγοντες παρὰ τοὺς Σεβουαίους. ια. Σεβουαῖοι, διὰ τὴν αὐτὴν αἰτίαν τῶν ἑορτῶν πρὸς τοὺς Γοροθηνοὺς διαφερόμενοι. ιβ. Ἐσσηνοί, μηδ' ὁποτέροις ἐναντιούμενοι, τοῖς δὲ παρατυγχάνουσι συνεορτάζοντες ἀδιαφόρως. ιγ. ∆οσίθεοι, τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἔθεσιν οἷς καὶ Σαμαρεῖται ἐμπολιτευόμενοι, περιτομῇ τε καὶ σαββάτῳ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις, χρώμενοί τε τῇ πεντατεύχῳ, περιττότερον δὲ τῶν ἄλλων φυλάττοντες τὸ ἀπέχεσθαι ἐμψύχων καὶ ἐν νηστείαις δὲ συνεχέστατα βιοῦντες. ἔχουσι δὲ 1.167 καὶ παρθενίαν τινὲς αὐτῶν, ἐγκρατεύονται δὲ ἄλλοι. πιστεύουσι δὲ νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν, ὅπερ ξένον ἐστὶ Σαμαρείταις. Ἰουδαίων αἱρέσεις ἑπτά· ιδ. Γραμματεῖς, οἵτινες νομικοὶ μὲν ἦσαν καὶ δευτερωταὶ παραδόσεων τῶν παρ'