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swelling with fruit, the plants rejoicing in the gifts from God, provide to farmers the rewards for their labors in blessings.

3. This season of the feast brought destruction to the Egyptians, friends of demons, but to the Hebrews celebrating to God, it brought freedom from evils; this was that very same [season], which was indeed also observed at the first cosmogony of the universe, during which the earth brought forth vegetation, during which the luminaries came into being, during which heaven and earth were produced and all the things in them; at this [time] also the Savior of the entire world fulfilled the mystery of his own feast, and the great luminary illuminated the inhabited world with the rays of piety, and indeed the season seems to contain the birthday of the world. At this time also a type was fulfilled, the old Passover, which is also called a passing over; but it also bore the symbol of the slaughter of a sheep; but it also hinted at the image of the food of unleavened bread. All these things were fulfilled together at the salvific feast; for he himself was the sheep in as much as he was clothed with a body. He [was] also the sun of righteousness, of a spring, indeed, divine and salvific, of a turning which brought the life of men from worse things to the better. To the demons of the Egyptians even now god-sent scourges are sent down, but peoples dwelling everywhere on earth celebrate their own freedom from the much-wandering godlessness. And the people-deceiving spirits having ceased, and the winter of evils, an abundance of new fruits with various gifts of the Holy Spirit crowns the Church of God; and simply every race of men has been changed to our way; and all lands, having received from the Farmer, the Word, the farming according to the soul, have sprouted the beautiful flowers of virtue; but also, having been freed from the evils of darkness, we have been deemed worthy of the light in the day of the knowledge of God.

4. Such are the new teachings, long ago overshadowed by symbols, but recently revealed to the light. And indeed we also rekindle the chief point of the feast in cyclical periods each year, receiving the forty-day discipline as a pre-feast for the sake of preparation according to the zeal of the saints Moses and Elijah, and renewing the feast itself for an unforgotten age. Therefore, setting out on the journey to God, we gird our loins well with the bond of self-control, and guarding the steps of the soul in safety, as if in sandals we prepare the course of the heavenly calling; and using the staff of the divine word in the power of prayers for defense against enemies, with all eagerness we pass over the crossing that leads to the heavens, hastening from the things here to the heavenly things, and from mortal life to the immortal; for thus another, greater feast will succeed us from here, having passed over the crossing well and beautifully; the children of the Hebrews name it by the surname Pentecost, bearing an image of the kingdom of the heavens. For Moses says 24.700: When you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain, you shall count seven weeks for yourself, and you shall set new loaves from the new harvests before God. He was showing, then, in a prophetic type, the harvest as the calling of the gentiles, and the new loaves as the souls offered to God through Christ, and the churches from the gentiles, on account of which a very great feast is celebrated for the philanthropic God; who, having been reaped by the spiritual sickles of the apostles, and gathered as if into a threshing floor into the Churches everywhere on earth under one, and having been embodied by a harmonious disposition of faith, and seasoned with the salts from the teachings of the divine words, and having been reborn through the water and fire of the Holy Spirit, we are offered as nourishing loaves, acceptable and pleasing to God through Christ.

5. In this way, as the prophetic symbols in Moses proceed to deeds with more venerable results, we ourselves indeed are to celebrate the feast more brightly

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καρπῶν σπαργῶντα φυτὰ τοῖς ἐκ Θεοῦ δώροις ἀγαλλόμενα, γεωργοῖς πόνων τὰς ἀμοιβὰς ἐν εὐλογίαις παρέχει.

γʹ. Οὗτος ὁ τῆς ἑορτῆς καιρὸς, Αἰγυπτίοις μὲν ὄλεθρον τοῖς δαιμόνων φίλοις, Ἑβραίοις δὲ ἑορτάζουσι τῷ Θεῷ, κακῶν ἐλευθερίαν προὐξένει· οὗτος ἦν αὐτὸς ἐκεῖνος, ὁ δὴ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς πρώτης τοῦ παντὸς κοσμογονίας τετηρημένος, καθ' ὃν ἡ γῆ ἐβλάστησε, καθ' ὃν οἱ φωστῆρες ἐγένοντο, καθ' ὃν οὐρανὸς καὶ γῆ παρήχθησαν καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς· κατὰ τοῦτον καὶ ὁ Σωτὴρ τοῦ σύμπαντος κόσμου τὸ τῆς οἰκείας ἑορτῆς ἐξετέλεσε μυστήριον, καὶ τὴν οἰκουμένην ὁ μέγας φωστὴρ, εὐσεβείας αὐγαῖς κατελάμπρυνε καὶ δὴ γενέθλιον κόσμου ὁ καιρὸς περιέχειν ἔοικε. Κατὰ τοῦτον δὲ τὸν καιρὸν καὶ τύπος ἐτελεῖτο, τὸ παλαιὸν Πάσχα, ὃ καὶ διαβατήριον εἴρηται· ἀλλὰ καὶ προβάτου σφαγῆς σύμβολον ἔφερεν· ἀλλὰ καὶ τροφῆς ἀζύμων ἄρτων ᾐνίττετο εἰκόνα. Ταῦτα δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν σωτήριον ἑορτὴν ἅπαντα συνεπληροῦτο· τό τε γὰρ πρόβατον αὐτὸς ἦν καθ' ὃ περιέκειτο σῶμα. Αὐτὸς καὶ ἥλιος δικαιοσύνης, ἔαρος δῆτα θείου καὶ σωτηρίου τροπῆς ἀπὸ χειρόνων ἐπὶ τὰ κρείττω τὸν τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίον διαλαβούσης. Αἰγυπτίων μὲν δαίμοσιν εἰσέτι καὶ νῦν θεήλατοι μάστιγες καταπέμπονται, λαοὶ δὲ πανταχοῦ γῆς οἰκοῦντες τὴν σφῶν ἐλευθερίαν τὴν ἐκ τῆς πολυπλανοῦς ἀθεότητος ἑορτάζουσι. Τῶν λαοπλανῶν δὲ πνευμάτων πεπαυμένων, καὶ χειμῶνος κακῶν, καινῶν καρπῶν εὐφορία διαφόροις χαρίσμασιν ἁγίου Πνεύματος τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ στεφανοῖ· καὶ ἁπλῶς πᾶν γένος ἀνθρώπων ἐπὶ τὸ ἡμέτερον μεταβέβληται· χῶραι δὲ πᾶσαι, πρὸς τοῦ γεωργοῦ Λόγου τῆς κατὰ ψυχὴν γεωργίας τυχοῦσαι, τὰ ὡραῖα τῆς ἀρετῆς ἄνθη βεβλαστήκασιν· ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν τοῦ σκότους κακῶν ἠλευθερωμένοι, φωτὸς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ Θεοῦ γνώσεως κατηξιώθημεν.

δʹ. Τοιαῦτα τὰ καινὰ μαθήματα πάλαι μὲν διὰ συμβόλων ἐπεσκιασμένα, νεωστὶ δὲ εἰς φῶς ἀνακεκαλυμμένα. Καὶ δὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς τὸ κεφάλαιον τῆς ἑορτῆς κύκλων περιόδοις καθ' ἕκαστον ἔτος ἀναζωπυροῦμεν, προέορτα μὲν προπαρασκευῆς ἕνεκα τὴν τεσσαρακονθήμερον ἄσκησιν παραλαμβάνοντες κατὰ τὸν τῶν ἁγίων ζῆλον Μωϋσέως καὶ Ἡλίου, τὴν δὲ ἑορτὴν αὐτὴν εἰς ἄληστον αἰῶνα ἀνανεούμενοι. Τὴν γοῦν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν πορείαν στελλόμενοι, τὰς μὲν ὀσφῦς εὖ μάλα δεσμῷ σωφροσύνης περιδούμεθα, τὰ δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς βαδίσματα ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ φυλάττοντες, ὥσπερ ἐν ὑποδήμασι δὴ τὸν δρόμον τῆς οὐρανίου κλήσεως παρασκευάζομεν· βακτηρίᾳ δὲ λόγου θείου ἐν εὐχῶν δυνάμει πρὸς ἄμυναν ἐχθρῶν χρώμενοι, σὺν πάσῃ προθυμίᾳ διαβαίνομεν τὴν εἰς οὐρανοὺς φέρουσαν διάβασιν, σπεύδοντες ἀπὸ τῶν τῇδε ἐπὶ τὰ οὐράνια, καὶ ἀπὸ ζωῆς θνητῆς ἐπὶ τὴν ἀθάνατον· οὕτω γὰρ διαδέξεται ἡμᾶς ἐντεῦθεν τὰ διαβατήρια εὖ καὶ καλῶς διαβεβηκότας ἄλλη τις μείζων ἑορτή· Πεντηκοστὴν αὐτὴν ἐπίκλην Ἑβραίων παῖδες ὀνομάζουσιν, εἰκόνα φέρουσαν τῆς τῶν οὐρανῶν βασιλείας. Λέγει γοῦν 24.700 Μωϋσῆς· Ἀρχομένου σου δρέπανον ἐπ' ἄμητον, ἑπτὰ ἑβδομάδας ἀριθμήσεις σεαυτῷ, καὶ νέους ἄρτους ἐκ νέων ἀμήτων παραθήσεις τῷ Θεῷ. Ἐδήλου δὲ ἄρα προφητικῷ τύπῳ ἄμητον μὲν τῶν ἐθνῶν τὴν κλῆσιν, νέους δὲ ἄρτους τὰς διὰ Χριστοῦ τῷ Θεῷ προσενηνεγμένας ψυχὰς, τάς τε ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἐκκλησίας, ἐφ' αἷς ἑορτὴ μεγίστη τῷ φιλανθρώπῳ Θεῷ συντελεῖται· οἳ ταῖς τῶν ἀποστόλων λογικαῖς δρεπάναις θερισθέντες, καὶ ὥσπερ εἰς ἅλως τὰς ἁπανταχοῦ γῆς Ἐκκλησίας συναχθέντες ὑφ' ἓν, ὁμοφώνῳ τε διαθέσει πίστεως σωματοποιηθέντες, καὶ ἁλσὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν θείων λόγων μαθήμασιν ἐξαρτυθέντες, δι' ὕδατός τε καὶ πυρὸς ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἀναγεννηθέντες, ἄρτοι τρόφιμοι προσηνεῖς καὶ ἀρεστοὶ τῷ Θεῷ διὰ Χριστοῦ προσφερόμεθα.

εʹ. Ταύτῃ πη τῶν παρὰ Μωϋσεῖ προφητικῶν συμβόλων εἰς ἔργα σεμνοτέροις τοῖς ἀποτελέσμασι χωρούντων, αὐτοί γε μὴν τὴν ἑορτὴν φαιδροτέραν ἄγειν