De capta thessalonica 3 a work by eustathios of thessalonica on its hopefully later capture, which had been weakened by a narrative of cachexia during

 Bearable and full of mourning and wanting springs of tears and some such things, but he who, as they say, was sown in a net and, like us, was caught u

 Most people raised their eyes as to mountains, to the acropolis, where they eagerly awaited help would be for them. but what especially accuses the gr

 Having practiced stretching out his hands like a woman to his pursuers, to slip into a fortress and to give trouble to those who ran after him, lest t

 David, who had lost his senses, whom i had previously blessed when he was in his right mind. and i thus also admired the emperor andronikos in other t

 Completely under age, not only unable to rule a very great empire by himself, but not even to be firmly disposed as boys are, of course, he had alread

 The protostrator alexios and john the eparch, and imprisonment held them and before that, things exceedingly dishonorable. but the boiling of anger on

 For should one measure things beyond measure?) a great disturbance of those of the palace, as much as was for god and the truth according to him, of

 But when the illusion proved false and the war was brought to an end in the late afternoon, having cast down many and filled the southern cemetery, th

 Thus men suffer for for the most part we multiply and magnify what we admire, as being unable to be precise because the soul is confounded by astound

 The present evils are fitting. and to recount the terrible things of that time, all that the latins saw, the fire which spread through their quarters,

 Kontostephanos, an energetic and sensible man, and countless others. but these things were unknown to the crowd and they did not know that he raged ag

 And he also sent them into exile into perpetual banishment. and after a short while, having divided those who had been imprisoned, he separated them i

 To be shamed but if not even so he should yield, being stubborn, to try even violence, and they say it is better for that one to suffer what he does

 Moreover and not enduring it if, having just found an opportunity, he would not take wing, like some demonic figure, he himself tries to surpass in ev

 Having said what seemed best, he was quiet. and for the rest, so that i may not chatter on about worldly unpleasantness, a rush of evils takes place t

 Manuel, and he curses, that he would not come to a worthy state of living in peace, that those alone would be grandeurs when his father died. and he b

 The marchese was left to remain in peace, just as neither was the kral of hungary and any other powerful neighbor. and generally, wherever there was m

 A certain boy, who appeared to be of a similar complexion and age to the emperor alexios. and that child was, they say, a peasant boy from somewhere i

 He annihilated the rest. and his knights were so boastful in their nature that each would stand against three hundred men in war, not at all unlike co

 About to happen, inferring it from many signs. we, at least, anticipating the enemy's attack, sent away those who were children of constantinople with

 For the man was truly master of his hands but he provoked the victorious one to exhaust his desire to laugh at the emperor, and drove the matter to a

 Laws of city-takers, in which, on account of their unwieldiness from size, no effect shone forth, but those around the eastern parts, and they were es

 Not to meddle further, unless they should choose to suffer evils. though he was obliged to supply sufficient grain for the city, he neglected it to su

 Having completely withdrawn his skill, lets the ship be dashed against a reef and sink to the bottom with its cargo and men. so too a guard of a fruit

 Of those seated around to release even one stone from a sling, then also to suggest to the sandal-stitchers on the walls to reproach the latins rounda

 The besiegers because the latins had entirely turned to resisting against choumnos, he, having with difficulty opened the gates and having allowed, fo

 To rebuke the general and to join in leading towards the good. and one might call these men, who had undertaken to remain in the city, no longer civil

 Stripping and running down the streets, known to those who saw them, thus giving proof that they were formerly conspirators. and there is no way that

 He wished, and as a result the enemy host was more emboldened, and even more so especially when, after choumnos had joined battle, though it was possi

 Very strongly fortified. we spoke thus, and the speech flowed away at random, itself as well. and the small stone-throwers were vexing the city, casti

 To the enemies. and with the soldiers shouting in a common cry, komnenos, halt and dismount, he, as if snorting back a final mount up and as you

 But i think this was stranger than that, that when rain poured down from what the enemies were scattering, plowing, indeed, but not sowing the beautif

 In blood, i was led about on horseback through heaps of others, the greater part of whom lay strewn before the wall, so densely packed, that my little

 Of the storm. and if it were made useless for the trees, and especially the fig trees, whose unripe fruit was unlawfully served to the savage beasts f

 But this would be judged as bordering on fighting against god. for the barbarians, rushing in even against each one of them, were committing all sorts

 They tore down when they arrived. and the ruler restrained the murders there, but there was no stopping the suffocation of those who fled into the chu

 By the command of the counts. and it was a sabbath, not having a flight, which one might evangelically pray to avert, but the destruction of so great

 Redness. it was therefore a task to recognize even one's dearest friend among them and each man would ask each other who on earth he might be, becaus

 Thus confounding good order and dissolving the sacred harmony. and i spoke reverently about this also to count alduin, if somehow order might be estab

 To crush the man, goading the horse to kick. thus did these men love us, frequently for every word and every deed putting forward as a justification f

 Of the longed for ones the executioners, or may they have pity. for something like this did indeed happen at times, as if a hungry and biting lion, th

 To relate moderate things out of countless ones but the events of the nights, not even they fail to rival these in contention. and for a time, with t

 They grieved those who kept treasure-houses by ransacking them for the sake of wealth, thus themselves implying that they understood hades as plouton.

 Through all of us and most provident. for it is reported to us that he ordered all-night vigils around the great churches, he jesting even then. for w

 They busied their swords upon them, and afterwards they left completely empty what it contained within, both things for healing and with which the suf

 They cast our people in, and declaring blessed not them but the disease, and now perhaps even death according to the people of gades, among whom hades

 Is fitting, but only by thanksgivings and glory to the most high, from whom and through whom are our affairs. what then prevents me from ceasing after

 Mercilessness towards those who offend in some small way, from which came the merciless thing that just now cast us down, a most just thing, since we,

bearable and full of mourning and wanting springs of tears and some such things, but he who, as they say, was sown in a net and, like us, was caught up in the affair would perhaps not be able to name the evil worthily, being driven from what he wishes to conceive by the varied and successive misfortunes, which gaped at each of the unfortunate ones, being assigned many and different names; but if he will also be able to hit upon the evil in a word, he would not inappropriately call it 6 the disappearance of a great luminary, saying nothing with respect to pathos (for it was necessary here to express suffering with other words), but nevertheless correctly hitting upon the greatness of the misfortune. For is it not such a thing for Thessaloniki, which appears very brilliant among the cities under heaven, to suffer in this way, as it is now? And it is in such a state as even enemies would pray to avert, just as a beautiful form, having vanished, grieves even him who was once unloving. Alas for the demon, who so heavily leaped upon and overthrew the prosperity of so great a city. He carried it off completely, then, so that not even a remnant of its old beauty remained. And its walls ruined and all its sanctuaries defiled to such an extent that the places are not even approachable for all, and its seemly houses disgraced, and the properties of citizens, some drained, others poured out and otherwise scattered—what could be said, where it is not possible to go through them as one should? But the multitude in the city, not only the military but also the rest, as many as were in the sacred polity of the world and as many as were laity, who could weep for them worthily? Indeed, and as many as had struck through the roaring of life and arrived as if at a harbor at the seclusion of monastic life, all these, just as locusts driven by fire through a cornfield, were shaken out to destruction by the scorching battle. And the enemies, surrounding them, kindled a fire of wrath upon the whole citizenry, while they, some being overtaken and somewhere even wrapped in such a fire from all sides, had no way to escape, but had manifold danger, while others suffered evil from afar as if by the sparks of arrows. The sun had just struck the fields, but it did not have the power to dispel the deathly night, but the darkness of the falling exulted over the light. No one had yet had time to put off sweet sleep, when the bitter and unwakeable sleep succeeded it, and an evil dream stood as reality over his head, and he who saw it closed his eyes in death. He was departing from the bed of wakefulness, so to speak, and the enemy's iron laid him down otherwise, as that one rejoices to lay people to rest. And upon many still half-naked this evil beast fell, so that it might not even weary its teeth by grinding them on the coverings of bodies. And if war seized upon soldiers, and indeed upon the otherwise robust or those in their prime, and tore them apart, having driven in its sharp claws, it did nothing new. For he delights in such bodies, by which being composed he is also served for the most part. But if it also took pride in carrying off wretched men, already old enough for the tomb and stooped to the ground and somewhere, even before being struck, becoming Charon's by what they gave up through fear, and most of the old women, 8 being out of their sight and deaf through deep old age, neither seeing the flashing of weapons nor hearing the thunder of threats, but this was not the work of a sane Ares, but of a maddened spear and an indiscriminate sword. These things are most pitiful for mortals. But most lamentable is that infants too were laid low with those falling in all manner of ways, some being pierced through together with the arms that carried them, others by being cast down through the fear or even the murder of those who held them, and the greater part being trampled underfoot together. For the necessity of flight also ruled over such a murder without a blow, with the people being pushed inside the churches and suffering the loss of souls through the compression, and the other around the entrance of the acropolis, when, a war-spear having been raised by the enemy above the eastern tower by the sea as a sign that the city was already worn out, so that those who wished could climb up from outside, it was despaired of that the lower part would survive, and they lifted

φορητὴν καὶ πολυπενθῆ καὶ δακρύων πηγὰς ἐθέλουσαν καὶ τοιαῦτά τινα, ὁ δὲ δικτύῳ, ὅ φασι, σπειραθεὶς καὶ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἐνειληθεὶς τῷ πράγματι ἴσως μὲν οὐκ ἂν εὐπορήσοι πρὸς ἀξίαν ὀνομάσαι τὸ κακόν, ἐκκρουόμενος οὗπερ ἐθέλει νοεῖν τῷ ποικίλῳ καὶ ἐπαλλήλῳ τῶν συμφορῶν, ὅσαι κατέχασκον ἑκάστου τῶν δυστυχούντων, πολλαῖς καὶ διαφόροις οἰκειούμεναι κλήσεσιν· εἰ δὲ καὶ δυνήσεται κατευστοχῆσαι τοῦ κακοῦ πρὸς ἔπος, ἐρεῖ ἂν αὐτὸ οὐκ ἀπεικότως 6 φωστῆρος μεγάλου ἀφάνειαν, οὐδὲν μὲν ἐκεῖνος λέγων πρὸς πάθος (ἐχρῆν γὰρ ἄλλοις ὀνόμασιν ἐνταῦθα παθήνασθαι), τῷ μεγαλείῳ δὲ ὅμως ὀρθῶς ἐπιβάλλων τοῦ δυσπραγήματος. Ἦ γὰρ οὐ τοιοῦτόν τι τὸ τὴν ἐν ταῖς ὑπ' οὐρανὸν πόλεσι πάνυ λαμπρὸν φαίνουσαν Θεσσαλονίκην οὕτω παθεῖν, ὡς νῦν ἔχει; Ἔχει δὲ ὡς ἂν ἀπεύξαιντο καὶ ἐχθροί, ὡσεὶ καὶ καλὸν εἶδος ἀφανισθὲν λυπεῖ καὶ τὸν ἦν ὅτε ἀπόστοργον. Ὤμοι δαίμονος, ὃς οὕτω βριθὺς τηλικαύτης πόλεως εὐετηρίᾳ ἐνήλατο καὶ κατέστρεψεν. Ἀπήγαγε μὲν οὖν αὐτὴν τέλεον, ὡς μηδὲ λείψανον ἐναπομεῖναι παλαιᾶς καλλονῆς. Καὶ τείχη μὲν αὐτῆς ἠχρειωμένα καὶ ἱερὰ τὰ πάντα κατῃκισμένα εἰς ὅσον οὐδὲ τόποι τολμητοὶ πᾶσι καὶ οἶκοι εὐπρεπεῖς κατῃσχυμένοι καὶ περιουσίαι πολιτῶν, αἱ μὲν ἠντλημέναι, αἱ δ' ἐκκεχυμέναι καὶ ἄλλως δὲ διεσπαρμέναι, τί ἂν λέγοιντο, ἔνθα οὐκ ἔστιν ὡς ἐχρῆν αὐτὰ διίξεσθαι; Τὸ δὲ ἐν τῇ πόλει πλῆθος, οὐ μόνον τὸ στρατιωτικὸν ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ λοιπόν, ὅσον ἐν ἱερᾷ πολιτείᾳ τῇ κατὰ κόσμον καὶ ὅσον δὲ λαϊκόν, τίς ἂν ἐς ἄξιον δακρύσειε; Ναὶ μὴν καὶ ὅσον τοῦ βίου τὸν φλοῖσβον διακρουσάμενον ὡς εἰς λιμένα κατήντησε τὸ ἀπρόϊτον τῆς ἐνοικήσεως, πάντες οὗτοι, ὡσεὶ καὶ ἀκρίδες πυρὶ κατὰ λήϊον ἐλαυνόμεναι, τῇ καυστηρᾷ μάχῃ πρὸς ὄλεθρον ἐξετινάσσοντο. Καὶ οἱ μὲν πολέμιοι περιστοιχίζοντες θυμοῦ πῦρ ἐξέκαιον ἐπὶ τὸ πολιτικὸν ἅπαν, ἐκεῖνοι δέ, οἱ μὲν ἐπικαταλαμβανόμενοι καί που καὶ σπαργανούμενοι πυρὶ τοιούτῳ πάντοθεν οὐκ εἶχον διεκπίπτειν, ἀλλὰ πολυειδῆ τὸν κίνδυνον εἶχον, οἱ δὲ ὅσα καὶ σπινθῆρσι τοῖς βέλεσι πόρρωθεν ἔπασχον τὸ κακόν. Ἠέλιος μὲν νέον προσέβαλλεν ἀρούρας, οὐκ ἔσχε δὲ τὴν θανάσιμον διαλῦσαι νύκτα, ἀλλὰ κατεκαυχᾶτο τοῦ φωτὸς ἡ τῶν πιπτόντων ζόφωσις. Οὔπω τις ἔφθη τὸν γλυκὺν ὕπνον ἀποθέσθαι, ὁ πικρὸς καὶ ἀνέγερτος αὐτὸν διεδέχετο καὶ ὄναρ κακὸν ἐφίστατο ὕπαρ τῇ κεφαλῇ καὶ ὁ βλέπων αὐτὸ κατέμυεν εἰς θάνατον. Ἀπηλλάττετο κλίνης ἐγρηγόρσεως λόγῳ καὶ ὁ πολέμιος σίδηρος ἄλλως αὐτὸν κατέκλινεν, ὡς ἐκεῖνος χαίρει κοιτάζων. Πολλοῖς δὲ καὶ ἡμιγύμνοις ἔτι τὸ κακὸν τοῦτο θηρίον ἐνεφύετο, ἵνα μηδὲ κάμοι τοὺς ὀδόντας ἐντρίβον σωμάτων καλύμμασι. Καὶ στρατιωτῶν μέν, ἤδη δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλως ῥωμαλέων ἢ καὶ ὅλως ἀκμαίων, εἴπερ ὁ πόλεμος ἐδράττετο καὶ διέσπα ἐμπείρας ὀξέας ὄνυχας, ἐκαινοπράγει οὐδέν. Φιληδεῖ γὰρ σώμασι τοιούτοις ἐκεῖνος, ὑφ' ὧν καὶ συγκροτούμενος θεραπεύεται ὡς τὰ πολλά. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἄνδρας ἀθλίους ἐφιλοτιμεῖτο ἀπάγειν, ἤδη τυμβογέροντας ὄντας καὶ εἰς γῆν κεκυφότας καί που πρὶν ἢ καὶ πληγῆναι γινομένους τοῦ Χάρωνος οἷς τῷ δέει παρίεντο, καὶ γραῦς δὲ τὰς πλείους καὶ 8 ἐξ ὀμμάτων οὔσας καὶ κωφευούσας διὰ βαθὺ γῆρας καὶ οὔτε βλεπούσας τὸ τῶν ὅπλων ἀστραπαῖον οὔτε βροντῆς αἰσθομένας τῆς ἐξ ἀπειλῶν, ἀλλὰ τοῦτο οὐ φρενήρης Ἄρης ἀλλὰ δόρυ ἐνήργει μαινόμενον καὶ ξίφος οὐκ εὐδιάκριτον. Οἴκτιστα δὴ ταῦτα βροτοῖς. Ἐλεεινότατον δὲ ὅτι καὶ βρέφη συνέκειντο τοῖς παντοδαπῶς πίπτουσι, τὰ μὲν συνεκκεντούμενα ταῖς φερούσαις ἀγκάλαις, τὰ δὲ τῷ καταρρίπτεσθαι ὑπὸ δέους ἢ καὶ φόνου τῶν βασταζόντων, τὰ πλείω δὲ συγκαταπατούμενα. Ἡ γὰρ τοῦ φεύγειν ἀνάγκη καὶ τοιοῦτον ἀπλῆγα φόνον ἐτυράννει, τὸν μὲν ἔσω τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν ὠθιζομένου τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ τῇ συμπιλήσει δυστυχοῦντος ψυχῶν ἀπαγωγήν, τὸν δὲ περὶ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως τὴν εἴσοδον, ὅτε, πολεμικοῦ δόρατος ἄνω τοῦ κατὰ θάλασσαν ἑῴου πύργου ἀρθέντος τοῖς ἀντιμάχοις εἰς σύσσημον τοῦ τὴν πόλιν ἤδη καταπεπονῆσθαι, ὡς καὶ ἀναρριχᾶσθαι τοὺς βουλομένους ἔξωθεν, τὸ μὲν κάτω περιεῖναι ἀπέγνωστο, ἦραν δὲ