2

of orders and names and ranks and of the so-called recruits. XIII. The eighth promotion, the praetors, and that the prefect of the city in our time happened to be one of the ancient praetors, being called guardian of the city. XIV. The ninth promotion, the prefect of the night. BOOK II

A. Concerning Caesar and the insignia of Caesar. B. Concerning Augustus, and that he was the first, having abolished the magister equitum's authority, to establish the praetorian prefecture. C. Concerning the imperial robes. D. Concerning the praetorian prefect and the staff under his command; concerning the insignia of the prefecture and its highest courts; that from the beginning there was not a designated praetorium for the first of the magistracies. E. Concerning the magister, and whom history reports was the first to be promoted; that those called in our time magistriani were formerly called frumentarii. 8 F. Concerning the prefect of Scythia and the praetor of Justinian and the magister census and the quaesitor, and that these magistracies were not invented for the first time, but having been neglected were restored. G. Concerning the staff of the prefects and the registers within it, of the customs and uniforms and letters and the other marks of antiquity, and for what reasons it has been neglected. H. Why the river is sometimes called the Ister, and at other times the Danube; how one must wage war against the Persians according to the tacticians. I. When and for what reason the corps of the scriniarii was invented; whence the name of cancellarii was introduced and why they were so named; for what reasons the staff was undermined, and that the emperor Anastasius, through Marinus, was the cause of this. J. Whence Dyrrachium, formerly Epidamnus. XI. An outline of the reign of Anastasius. XII. Why the Persians, contrary to ancient custom, exact gold from the Romans on every occasion as if it were owed; concerning the fall of Antioch on the Daphne and the Persian attack. XIII. Concerning the most fortunate reign of Justinian, the invincible emperor, and with how many good things he adorned the Roman state, and how in a short time he recovered all of Libya for the Romans. XIV. Concerning those who, despite the emperor's favor, did not make good use of their offices, but lived in indolence; in which also concerning profligacy and the so-called acipensius. What kind of garment is the so-called sandix and whence it was so named. XV. Concerning the misfortune of the populace, and how it set fire to the city; in which also concerning the so-called Zeuxippus and for what reason it was so named; how the emperor with God raised up both the First Sanctuary and the whole city together. Concerning those who discharged their offices piously and justly. Concerning the pious empress Theodora, and how she benefited the commonweal. XVI. Concerning the most dreadful plague, and how it ceased.

10 ON THE MAGISTRACIES OF THE ROMAN STATE BOOK I

1 As I undertake to treat of the magistracies of the Roman state,

it seemed to me worthy to give a preface to the account beginning from the most ancient and most honored of all. This was Aeneas, who on account of the beauty and strength of both his soul and body was believed to be the son of a being greater than mortals. 2 Therefore, from the arrival of Aeneas in Italy until the founding of Rome, four hundred and thirty-nine years elapsed according to Cato the first and Varro, the Romans; but according to Africanus and Castor and the son of Pamphilus, 417 years. From

2

ταγμάτων τε καὶ ὀνομάτων καὶ βαθμῶν καὶ τῶν λεγομένων τειρώνων. ΙΓ ὀγδόη προαγωγὴ οἱ πραίτωρες, καὶ ὅτι ὁ τῆς πόλεως καθ' ἡμᾶς ὕπαρχος εἷς ἐτύγχανε τῶν πάλαι πραιτώρων, φύλαξ πόλεως χρηματίζων. Ι∆ ἐνάτη προαγωγὴ ὁ τῶν νυκτῶν ὕπαρχος. ΛΟΓΟΣ Β

Α περὶ Καίσαρος καὶ τῶν Καίσαρος ἐπισήμων. Β περὶ Αὐγούστου, καὶ ὅτι πρῶτος αὐτὸς ἐκβαλὼν τὴν ἵππαρχον ἐξουσίαν τὴν πραιτωριανὴν ἐπαρχότητα προεβάλετο. Γ περὶ τῶν βασιλικῶν στολῶν. ∆ περὶ τοῦ ἐπάρχου τῶν πραιτωρίων καὶ τῆς πειθομένης αὐτῷ τάξεως· περὶ τῶν ἐπισήμων τῆς ἐπαρχότητος καὶ τῶν αὐτῆς μεγίστων δικαστηρίων· ὅτι οὐκ ἦν ἀνέκαθεν πραιτώριον ὡρισμένον τῇ πρώτῃ τῶν ἀρχῶν. Ε περὶ τοῦ μαγίστρου, καὶ τίνα πρῶτον προαχθῆναι ἡ ἱστορία ἀναφέρει· ὅτι οἱ καθ' ἡμᾶς λεγόμενοι μαγιστριανοὶ τὸ πρὶν φρουμεντάριοι ἐκαλοῦντο. 8 ς περὶ τοῦ ἐπάρχου Σκυθίας καὶ τοῦ Ἰουστινιανοῦ πραίτωρος καὶ τοῦ μαγίστρου τῶν κήνσων καὶ τοῦ κυαισίτωρος, καὶ ὅτι οὐ πρώτως αἱ ἀρχαὶ αὖται ἐπενοήθησαν, ἀλλ' ἠμελημέναι ἀνεκλήθησαν. Ζ περὶ τῆς τάξεως τῶν ἐπάρχων καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ καταλόγων, ἠθῶν τε καὶ σχημάτων καὶ γραμμάτων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῆς ἀρχαιότητος γνωρισμάτων καὶ ἐκ ποίων αἰτιῶν ἠμέληται. Η διὰ τί τὸν ποταμὸν νῦν μὲν Ἴστρον, νῦν δὲ ∆ανούβιον συμβαίνει προσαγορεύεσθαι· πῶς Πέρσαις πολεμητέον κατὰ τοὺς τακτικούς. Θ πότε καὶ τίνος χάριν ἐξηυρέθη τὸ τῶν σκρινιαρίων σῶμα· πόθεν εἰσηνέχθη τὸ τῶν καγκελλαρίων ὄνομα καὶ διὰ τί οὕτως ὠνομάσθησαν· ἐκ ποίων αἰτιῶν ὑπεσύρη ἡ τάξις, καὶ ὅτι Ἀναστάσιος ὁ βασιλεὺς διὰ Μαρίνου αἴτιος τούτου. Ι πόθεν ∆ουρράχιον ἡ πάλαι Ἐπίδαμνος. ΙΑ ὑποτύπωσις τῆς Ἀναστασίου βασιλείας. ΙΒ διὰ τί Πέρσαι Ῥωμαίους παρὰ τὴν παλαιότητα χρυσίον ἐφ' ἑκάστης ὥσπερ ὀφειλόμενον εἰσπράττουσιν· περὶ τοῦ πτώματος Ἀντιοχείας τῆς πρὸς ∆άφνην καὶ τῆς Περσῶν ἐφόδου. ΙΓ περὶ τῆς εὐτυχεστάτης βασιλείας Ἰουστινιανοῦ τοῦ ἀηττήτου βασιλέως, καὶ ὅσοις ἀγαθοῖς τὰ Ῥωμαίων ἐκόσμησεν, καὶ ὅπως ἐν βραχεῖ Λιβύην ὅλην Ῥωμαίοις ἀπέσωσεν. Ι∆ περὶ τῶν παρὰ τὴν βασιλέως εὐμένειαν οὐ καλῶς τοῖς πράγμασιν ἀποχρησαμένων, ῥᾳστώνῃ δὲ συζησάντων· ἐν ᾧ καὶ περὶ ἀσωτίας καὶ τοῦ λεγομένου ἀκιπησίου. ποῖον εἶδος ἐσθήματος ὁ λεγόμενος σάνδυξ καὶ πόθεν οὕτως ὠνομάσθη. ΙΕ περὶ τῆς κακοδαιμονίας τοῦ δήμου, καὶ ὅπως ἐνέπρησε τὴν πόλιν· ἐν ᾧ καὶ περὶ τοῦ λεγομένου Ζευξίππου καὶ τίνος χάριν οὕτως ὠνομάσθη· ὅπως ὁ βασιλεὺς μετὰ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὸ Πρῶτον Ἱερὸν καὶ πᾶσαν ὁμοῦ τὴν πόλιν ἀνέστησεν. περὶ τῶν εὐσεβῶς καὶ δικαίως τὰς ἀρχὰς διανυσάντων. περὶ τῆς εὐσεβοῦς βασιλίδος Θεοδώρας, καὶ ὅπως τὰ κοινὰ ὠφέλησεν. Ις περὶ τοῦ ἀπευκταιοτάτου λοιμοῦ, καὶ ὅπως ἀπεπαύσατο.

10 ΠΕΡῚ ἈΡΧΩ͂Ν ΤΗ͂Σ ῬΩΜΑΊΩΝ ΠΟΛΙΤΕΊΑΣ ΛΟΓΟΣ Α

1 Ἐγχειροῦντί μοι περὶ τῶν ἀρχῶν τῆς Ῥωμαίων πολιτείας διαλαμβάνειν

ἀξιόλογον εἶναι παρέστη προοίμιον δοῦναι τῷ λόγῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ πρεσβυτάτου καὶ τιμιωτάτου πάντων. Αἰνείας δὲ ἦν οὗτος, ὁ διὰ κάλλος καὶ ῥώμην ψυχῆς τε καὶ σώματος κρείττονος ἢ κατὰ ἀνθρώπους εἶναι νομισθεὶς υἱός. 2 Ἀνύονται τοιγαροῦν ἐκ τῆς Αἰνείου ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰταλίαν παρόδου ἕως τοῦ πολισμοῦ τῆς Ῥώμης ἐνιαυτοὶ ἐννέα καὶ τριάκοντα καὶ τετρακόσιοι κατὰ Κάτωνα τὸν πρῶτον καὶ Βάρρωνα, τοὺς Ῥωμαίους· κατὰ δὲ Ἀφρικανὸν καὶ Κάστορα καὶ τὸν Παμφίλου ἔτη ζ καὶ ι καὶ υ. ἀπὸ