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will you raise him up? These things are from the old; but those of the new testament are greater. For throughout the whole time of the economy, angels ministered; angels announced Christ conceived and born, angels served him baptized and working miracles, angels testified to him buried and risen, they bore the redeemer up to the heavens and again from the heavens they will escort the judge. If, therefore, we too hasten to live together with angels and to delight in intelligible contemplations, with much fear and trembling let us serve the king of angels. Let us not unwittingly squander our life in revelries and drunkenness and rattles and dances; and like those searching in the night for the door of repentance, we will not find it; or rather we will find it, with the master calling us and saying: I am the door of the sheep.

4 For it is right to praise angels; for they, by hymning the creator, make him gracious and well-disposed to men; and by angels I mean our allies, those who campaign against the opposing powers; of whom is the archangel Michael, contending against the devil for the body of Moses, and resisting the prince of the Persians for the freedom of the people; of whom is that one who turned away the donkey and kept Balaam from his wicked divination, and since the seer did not understand what was being done, he chastened the rational being with the voice of an irrational one; of whom is the one who drew his sword and urged Joshua the son of Nun to engage with the enemies; of whom is the one who struck the eighty-five thousand Assyrians in one night and joined death to the sleep of the barbarians; of whom is the one who transported the prophet Habakkuk with an airy leap, so that he might give the prophet Daniel a taste of food in the midst of the fasting lions. These then and such as these are against the enemies; but there are also those who excel against the passions; such was the divine Raphael, who through the dissection of one fish healed a demon-possessed girl and devised for a blind old man to see the sun. But not even are those worthy of silence who ministered to the new testament; of whom a great part is the archangel Gabriel who delivered the oracle to Zacharias and exacted silence for his unbelief, because he did not believe that the barren woman would conceive on account of the coming economy, who announced the unwedded birth-pangs to the revered Mary; this one, leading shepherds to the cave, declared the uncontainable one in a manger, the uncircumscribable one in swaddling clothes. They sent up a harmonious song of praise: Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace; good will toward men. Another advises the betrothed of the virgin not to put away the incorrupt one as corrupted; another suggests to him flight and return because of Herod's slaughter of the infants; another prevents the magi from returning to the tyrant; and they ministered on earth to the creator, although seeing the uncreated one in the flesh; for they marveled at his strength by which the tempter fell; and according to the voice of David, lifting him in their hands, they carried him out of the range of the stones; for, it says, the Jews took up stones to throw at him. Others attended to his passion; others after the resurrection, attending to the empty tomb, said to the faithful women: Why do you seek the living among the dead? And after the ascension they escorted the disciples, loosing Peter's bonds, lightening Paul's dangers on land and sea, mediating for the faith of Cornelius, striking the justice-slaying Herod as he was boasting.

5 Are not then those who campaign for our life worthy of the greatest honor? For angels were appointed not only as guardians of nations; When the most high divided the nations, it says, when he scattered the sons of Adam, he set the boundaries of the nations according to the number of the angels of God. But indeed each of mankind has been allotted an angel; the word is not mine, but of the divine scripture; for when the maidservant Rhoda announced to the apostles before

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ἐγερεῖς αὐτόν; Ταῦτα μὲν τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς παλαιᾶς· τὰ δὲ τῆς νέας διαθήκης μείζονα. Τῷ γὰρ παντὶ χρόνῳ τῆς οἰκονομίας ἐλειτούργησαν ἄγγελοι· συλληφθέντα καὶ τεχθέντα τὸν Χριστὸν κατεμήνυσαν ἄγγελοι, βαπτισθέντι καὶ θαυματουργήσαντι διηκόνησαν ἄγγελοι, ταφέντι καὶ ἀναστάντι προσεμαρτύρησαν ἄγγελοι, πρὸς οὐρανοὺς τὸν λυτρωτὴν ἀνεκόμισαν καὶ πάλιν ἐξ οὐρανῶν τὸν κριτὴν δορυφορήσουσιν. Εἰ τοίνυν καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀγγέλοις συνδιαιτηθῆναι σπεύδομεν καὶ νοεροῖς ἐντρυφῆσαι θεωρήμασι, σὺν πολλῷ φόβῳ καὶ τρόμῳ τῷ βασιλεῖ τῶν ἀγγέλων δουλεύσωμεν. Μὴ λάθωμεν ἑαυτοῖς κώμοις καὶ μέθαις καὶ κρότοις καὶ χοροῖς τὸν βίον καταδαπανήσαντες· καὶ καθάπερ ἐν νυκτὶ ζητοῦντες τὴν θύραν τῆς μετανοίας οὐχ εὑρήσομεν· μᾶλλον δὲ εὑρήσομεν, καλοῦντος ἡμᾶς τοῦ δεσπότου καὶ λέγοντος· Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ θύρα τῶν προβάτων.

4 Καὶ γὰρ ἀγγέλους ἐγκωμιάζειν χρή· αὐτοὶ τὸν δημιουργὸν ὑμνοῦντες ἵλεων αὐτὸν καὶ εὐμενῆ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις παρέχουσιν· ἀγγέλους δέ φημι τοὺς ἡμετέρους συμμάχους, τοὺς κατὰ τῶν ἀντικειμένων δυνάμεων ἐκστρατεύοντας· ὧν ἐστιν ὁ ἀρχάγγελος Μιχαὴλ πρὸς μὲν τὸν διάβολον ὑπὲρ τοῦ Μωσέως σώματος ἀντιτασσόμενος, πρὸς δὲ τὸν ἄρχοντα τῶν Περσῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ λαοῦ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἀνθιστάμενος· ὧν ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος ὁ τὴν ὄνον ἀποστρέφων καὶ Βαλαὰμ τῆς ἀτόπου μαντείας εἴργων, καὶ ἐπείπερ ὁ μάντις οὐκ ἐνόει τὸ πραττόμενον, ἀλόγου φωνῇ τὸ λογικὸν ἐσωφρόνιζεν· ὧν ἐστιν ὁ τὴν μάχαιραν ἐσπασμένος καὶ τὸν Ἰησοῦν τοῦ Ναυῆ συμπλέκεσθαι τοῖς πολεμίοις προτρεπόμενος· ὧν ἐστιν ὁ τὰς πέντε καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα χιλιάδας τῶν Ἀσσυρίων ἐν μιᾷ νυκτὶ πατάξας καὶ τῷ ὕπνῳ τῶν βαρβάρων συνάψας τὸν θάνατον· ὧν ἐστιν ὁ τὸν προφή την Ἀμβακοὺμ ἀερίῳ μετακομίσας πηδήματι, ἵνα τὸν προφήτην ∆ανιὴλ ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ἀγεύστων λεόντων γεύσῃ τροφῆς. Οὗτοι μὲν οὖν καὶ οἱ τοιοῦτοι κατὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν· εἰσὶ δὲ οἳ καὶ κατὰ τῶν παθῶν ἀριστεύουσι· ὁποῖος ἦν ὁ θεσπέσιος Ῥαφαὴλ δι' ἑνὸς ἰχθύος ἀνατομῆς δαιμονιῶσαν κόρην ἰασάμενος καὶ γέροντι τυφλῷ τὸν ἥλιον θεωρεῖν τεχνασάμενος. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνοι σιωπῆς ἄξιοι οἱ τῇ νέᾳ διαθήκῃ διακονήσαντες· ὧν μέγα μέρος ἐστὶν ὁ ἀρχάγγελος Γαβριὴλ ὁ τῷ Ζαχαρίᾳ χρηματίσας καὶ σιωπῇ τὴν ἀπιστίαν εἰσπραξάμενος ὅτι μὴ κύειν τὴν στεῖραν διὰ τὴν μέλλουσαν οἰκονομίαν ἐπίστευσεν, ὁ τῇ σεμνῇ Μαρίᾳ τὰς ἀνυμφεύτους ὠδῖνας εὐαγγελισάμενος· οὗτος ποιμένας ἐπὶ τὸ σπήλαιον ὁδηγῶν κατεμήνυεν ἐν φάτνῃ τὸν ἀχώρητον, ἐν σπαργάνοις τὸν ἀπερίγραπτον. Ἐκεῖνοι σύμφωνον ᾠδὴν δοξολογίας ἀνέπεμπον· ∆όξα ἐν ὑψίστοις θεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη· ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκία. Ἄλλος τὸν μνηστῆρα τῆς παρθένου νουθετεῖ μὴ ἀπολύειν ὡς διεφθαρμένην τὴν ἄφθορον· ἄλλος αὐτῷ διὰ τὴν Ἡρῴδου βρεφοκτονίαν φυγὴν καὶ ἐπάνοδον ὑποτίθεται· ἄλλος τοὺς μάγους κωλύει τῆς ἐπὶ τὸν τύραννον ἀναζεύξεως· οἱ δὲ διηκόνουν ἐπὶ γῆς τῷ κτίσαντι καίπερ ἐν σαρκὶ θεωροῦντες τὸν ἄκτιστον· ἐθαύμασαν γὰρ τὴν ἰσχὺν αὐτοῦ δι' ἧς ὁ πειράζων κατέπεσεν· καὶ κατὰ τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ ∆αυὶδ ἐπὶ χειρῶν ἄραντες αὐτὸν ἔξω τῆς βολῆς τῶν λίθων ἐκόμιζον· ἦραν γάρ, φησίν, οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι λίθους ἵνα βάλωσιν ἐπ' αὐτόν. Ἄλλοι τῷ πάθει συνέτρεχον· ἄλλοι μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν τῷ κενῷ τάφῳ προσεδρεύοντες ταῖς πισταῖς γυναιξὶν ἔλεγον· Τί ζητεῖτε τὸν ζῶντα μετὰ τῶν νεκρῶν; Μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἀνάληψιν ἐδορυφόρουν τοὺς μαθητὰς τὰ Πέτρου λύοντες δεσμά, Παύλου τοὺς ἐπὶ γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης κινδύνους κουφίζοντες, τῇ πίστει Κορνηλίου μεσιτεύοντες, τὸν δικαιοκτόνον Ἡρῴδην μεγαληγοροῦντα πατάσσοντες.

5 Ἆρα γοῦν οὐ μεγίστης τιμῆς ἄξιοι οἱ τὴν ἡμετέραν ζωὴν στρατευόμενοι; Οὐ γὰρ μόνον ἐθνῶν φρουροὶ ἐτάχθησαν ἄγγελοι· Ὅτε διεμέριζεν ἔθνη, φησίν, ὁ ὕψιστος, οὓς διέσπειρεν υἱοὺς Ἀδάμ, ἔστησεν ὅρια ἐθνῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἀγγέλων θεοῦ. Ἀλλὰ γὰρ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἕκαστον ἔλαχεν ἄγγελος· ὁ λόγος οὐκ ἐμός, ἀλλὰ τῆς θείας γραφῆς· τῆς γὰρ παιδίσκης Ῥόδης ἀπαγγελλούσης τοῖς ἀποστόλοις πρὸ