3

sculptors, painters, creators of every kind of pleasure. Herds of camels, some for bearing burdens, others for grazing, herds of horses, herds of cattle, flocks of sheep, droves of pigs, their herdsmen, land sufficient to feed all these, and still increasing wealth with its revenues; baths in the city; baths in the country; houses resplendent with all kinds of marbles, one of Phrygian stone, another of Laconian or Thessalian slab; and of these, some warming in winter, others cooling in the summer. A floor decorated with mosaics, gold gilding the ceiling. And whatever of the walls escapes the stone slab is beautified with the flowers of painting.

3 -But when wealth, divided into ten thousand parts, still abounds, it is pushed into the earth, and is kept in secret places. For the future is uncertain, lest some unexpected needs should overtake us. It is uncertain, then, whether you will come to need the buried gold; but the damage of the inhumanity of your ways is not uncertain. For when you were not able to spend the wealth on countless contrivances, then you hid it in the earth. A terrible madness, to search the earth while the gold was in the mines; but when it became manifest, to hide it again in the earth. Then, I think, it happens to you that in burying the wealth, you bury your heart with it; For where your treasure is, it says, there will your heart be also; For this reason the commandments are grievous; for they consider life unlivable for themselves, not being occupied with useless expenditures. And the passion of the young man, or of those like him, seems to me to be similar to a traveler who, out of desire for a certain city, has eagerly completed the journey to it, and then lodges somewhere in an inn before the walls, through laziness for a small movement rendering his previous labor useless, and shutting himself off from the sight of the beautiful things in the city. Such are those who consent to do other things, but resist the laying aside of their possessions. I know many who fast, who pray, who groan, who show every piety that costs nothing, but do not give a single obol to the afflicted. What benefit to them is the rest of their virtue? For the kingdom of heaven does not receive them; because: It is easier, it says, for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of heaven; But the declaration is so clear, and the one who said it is true; but those who are persuaded are few. And how shall we live, having gotten rid of everything? he says; And what will be the form of life, if all sell and all get rid of their possessions? Do not ask me the meaning of the Lord's commandments. The lawgiver knows how to fit what is possible to the law. But your heart is tested as if on a balance, whether it inclines toward the true life or toward present enjoyment. Those who reason soberly ought to consider the use of wealth as for stewardship, not for enjoyment; and in putting it aside, to rejoice as if being separated from what is foreign, not to be vexed as if being cast out from what is their own. Why then are you grieved? Why do you mourn in your soul, hearing: Sell your possessions? For if it were to follow you into the future, not even so would it be highly esteemed, being overshadowed by the precious things there; but if it must remain here, why should we not, having sold it, carry away the profit from it? But you, when giving gold and acquiring a horse, are not disheartened; but when giving up perishable things and receiving the kingdom of heaven in exchange, you weep, you deny the one who asks, and you refuse the gift, devising countless excuses for expenditures.

4 -What will you answer to the Judge, you who clothe walls, but do not clothe a man? you who adorn horses, but overlook your brother in his disgrace? you who let your grain rot, but do not feed the hungry? you who bury your gold, but despise the one being choked by debt? And if indeed a money-loving wife also lives with you, the disease is twofold; both the

3

πλάσται, ζωγράφοι, ἡδονῆς παντοίας δημιουργοί. Ἀγέλαι καμ ήλων, τῶν μὲν ἀχθοφόρων, τῶν δὲ νομάδων, ἵππων ἀγέλαι, βουκόλια, ποίμνια, συφόρβια, οἱ τούτων νομεῖς, γῆ ἡ πᾶσι τούτοις πρὸς τροφὴν ἐξα ρκοῦσα, καὶ ἔτι ταῖς προσόδοις τὸν πλοῦτον αὔξουσα· λουτρὰ ἐν πόλει· λου τρὰ κατ' ἀγρούς· οἶκοι παντοδαποῖς μαρμάροις περιλαμπόμενοι, ὁ μὲν Φρυγίου λίθου, ἄλλος Λακωνικῆς ἢ Θεσσαλικῆς πλακός· καὶ τούτων οἱ μὲν ἐν χειμῶνι θάλποντες, οἱ δὲ ἀναψύχοντες ἐν τῷ θέρει. Ἔδαφος ταῖς ψηφῖσι διηνθισμένον, χρυσὸς ὑπαλείφων τὸν ὄροφον. Ὅσον δὲ τῶν τοίχων διαφεύγει τὴν πλάκα, τοῖς τῆς γραφικῆς ἄνθεσι καλλωπίζεται.

3 -Ἐπειδὰν δὲ εἰς μυρία διασπώμενος ὁ πλοῦτος ἔτι περιττεύει, κατὰ γῆς ὠθεῖται, καὶ ἐν ἀποῤῥήτοις φυλάσσεται. Ἄδηλον γὰρ τὸ μέλλον, μήπου τινὲς ἡμᾶς ἀδόκητοι καταλάβωσι χρεῖαι. Ἄδηλον μὲν οὖν, εἰ ἥξεις πρὸς τὴν χρείαν τοῦ κατορωρυγμένου χρυσίου· οὐκ ἄδηλος δὲ ἡ ζημία τῆς ἀπανθρωπίας τῶν τρόπων. Ὅτε γὰρ οὐκ ἠδυνήθης ταῖς μυρίαις ἐπινοίαις ἐκδαπανῆσαι τὸν πλοῦτον, τότε αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀπεκρύψω. Μανία δεινὴ, ἕως μὲν ἐν μετάλλοις ἦν ὁ χρυσὸς, ἀνερευνᾷν τὴν γῆν· ὅτε δὲ φανερὸς ἐγένετο, πάλιν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ γῇ ἀφανίζειν. Εἶτα, οἶμαι, συμβαίνει σοι κατο ρύσσοντι τὸν πλοῦτον συγκατορύσσειν καὶ τὴν καρδίαν· Ὅπου γὰρ ὁ θησαυ ρός σου, φησὶν, ἐκεῖ καὶ ἡ καρδία· ∆ιὰ τοῦτο λυποῦσιν αἱ ἐντολαί· ἀβίω τον γὰρ ἑαυτοῖς τὸν βίον τίθενται, μὴ ταῖς ἀνωφελέσι δαπάναις ἐνασχολού μενοι. Καί μοι δοκεῖ τὸ πάθος τοῦ νεανίσκου, ἢ καὶ τῶν παραπλησίων αὐτῷ, παρόμοιον εἶναι, ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις ὁδοιπόρος ἐπιθυμίᾳ πόλεώς τινος συντόνως τὴν μέχρις αὐτῆς ὁδὸν διανύσας, εἶτα αὐτοῦ που περὶ τὰ πρὸ τῶν τειχῶν καταλύσειεν πανδοχεῖα, ὄκνῳ μικρᾶς κινήσεως τόν τε προϋπάρξαντα πόνον ἀχρειῶν, καὶ τῆς ἱστορίας τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει καλῶν ἑαυτὸν ἀποκλείων. Τοιοῦτοί εἰσιν οἱ τὰ μὲν ἄλλα ποιεῖν καταδεχόμενοι, ἀντιβαίνοντες δὲ πρὸς τὴν τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ἀπόθεσιν. Οἶδα πολλοὺς νηστεύοντας, προσευχομέ νους, στενάζοντας, πᾶσαν τὴν ἀδάπανον εὐλάβειαν ἐνδεικνυμένους, ὀβολὸν δὲ ἕνα μὴ προϊεμένους τοῖς θλιβομένοις. Τί ὄφελος τούτοις τῆς λοιπῆς ἀρετῆς; Οὐ γὰρ παραδέχεται αὐτοὺς ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν· διότι· Εὐκο πώτερον, φησὶν, κάμηλον διὰ τρυμαλιᾶς ῥαφίδος διελθεῖν, ἢ πλούσιον εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν· Ἀλλ' ἡ μὲν ἀπόφασις οὕτως ἐναργὴς, καὶ ὁ εἰπὼν ἀψευδής· οἱ δὲ πειθόμενοι σπάνιοι. Καὶ πῶς βιωσόμεθα πάντα ἀποκ τησάμενοι; φησίν· τί δὲ τὸ σχῆμα τοῦ βίου ἔσται, πάντων πωλούντων καὶ πάντων ἀποκτωμένων; Μὴ ἐρώτα με διάνοιαν δεσποτικῶν προσταγμάτων. Οἶδεν ὁ νομοθετήσας καὶ τὸ δυνατὸν συναρμόσαι τῷ νόμῳ. Σοῦ δὲ ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τρυτάνης δοκιμάζεται ἡ καρδία, πότερον πρὸς τὴν ζωὴν τὴν ἀληθι νὴν ἢ πρὸς τὴν παροῦσαν ἀπόλαυσιν καταῤῥέπει. Οἰκονομικὴν τοῦ πλούτου τὴν χρῆσιν, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀπολαυστικὴν τοὺς σωφρόνως λογιζομένους νομίζειν προσῆκεν· καὶ ἀποτιθεμένους, χαίρειν ὡς ἀλλοτρίων χωριζομένους, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ δυσχεραίνειν ὡς τῶν οἰκείων ἐκπίπτοντας. Τί οὖν λυπῇ; τί καταπεν θεῖς τῇ ψυχῇ, ἀκούων· Πώλησόν σου τὰ ὑπάρχοντα; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἠκολούθει σοι πρὸς τὸ μέλλον, οὐδ' οὕτως ἂν ἦν περισπούδαστα, ὑπὸ τῶν ἐκεῖ τιμίων ἐπισκοτούμενα· εἰ δὲ ἀνάγκη μένειν ἐνταῦθα, τί μὴ, πωλήσαντες, τὸ ἀπ' αὐτῶν κέρδος ἀπενεγκώμεθα; Σὺ δὲ, χρυσὸν μὲν διδοὺς, καὶ ἵππον κτώμε νος, οὐκ ἀθυμεῖς· φθαρτὰ δὲ προϊέμενος, καὶ βασιλείαν οὐρανῶν ἀντιλαμ βάνων, δακρύεις, ἀρνῇ τὸν αἰτοῦντα, καὶ ἀνανεύεις τὴν δόσιν, μυρίας προφάσεις ἀναλωμάτων ἐπινοῶν.

4 -Τί ἀποκριθήσῃ τῷ κριτῇ ὁ τοὺς τοίχους ἀμφιεννὺς, ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἐνδύεις; ὁ τοὺς ἵππους κοσμῶν, τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀσχημονοῦντα περιορᾷς; ὁ κατασήπων τὸν σῖτον, τοὺς πεινῶντας οὐ τρέφεις; ὁ τὸν χρυσὸν κατορύσ σων, τοῦ ἀγχομένου καταφρονεῖς; Ἐὰν δὲ δὴ καὶ γυνὴ φιλόπλουτος συνοι κεῖ, διπλάσιον ἡ νόσος· τάς τε