anagogical interpretations, which propose to us the formations possible for us of the formless and supernatural visions, but that this also is most fitting for the mystical oracles: to conceal through ineffable and sacred enigmas and to render inaccessible to the many the sacred and secret truth of the super-celestial minds. For not every one is holy, nor, as the oracles say, is knowledge for all. But if anyone should find fault with the dissimilar iconography, saying it is shameful to attribute such base forms to the godlike and most holy orders, it is sufficient to say to him that the mode of the sacred manifestation is twofold: 3 the one, as is fitting, proceeding through similar sacredly-typed images, the other through dissimilar formations, being fashioned into what is entirely unlike and dissimilar. Indeed, the mystical traditions of the revelatory oracles sometimes hymn the revered blessedness of the super-essential Godhead as Word and Mind and Essence, declaring Its God-befitting rationality and wisdom, and that It is truly existing Being and the true cause of the existence of beings, and they fashion It as Light and call It Life, such sacred formations being more august and seeming in a way to transcend material forms, yet even so falling short of a true resemblance to the Godhead (for It is beyond all essence and life, with no light characterizing It, and every word and mind falling incomparably short of resemblance to It), but sometimes It is celebrated in a super-celestial manner by the same oracles through negative manifestations, calling It invisible and infinite and incomprehensible and the rest of those things from which is signified not what It is, but what It is not. For this, I think, is also more properly said of It, since, as the secret and priestly tradition has taught, we speak truly that It is not one of the things that exist, but we are ignorant of Its super-essential and unintelligible and ineffable indefinability. If, therefore, negations are true concerning divine things, while affirmations are unsuited to the hiddenness of the ineffable, the manifestation through dissimilar representations is more proper to the invisible. Therefore, the sacred writings of the oracles, by revealing the celestial orders through dissimilar formations, honor them, they do not fill them with shame, and through these they show that they have super-celestially transcended all material things. But that the dissimilarities lead up our mind more than the similarities, I do not think any right-minded person will dispute. For in the case of the more honorable sacred representations, it is likely that one might even be led astray, thinking the celestial substances to be some sort of golden beings and certain light-like men, flashing, comely, clothed in bright garments and harmlessly gleaming with a fiery quality and with as many other similar beauties theology has fashioned the celestial minds. So that those who have conceived nothing higher than visible beauties might not suffer this, the elevating wisdom of the holy theologians sacredly descends even to dissimilar representations, not allowing our material part to remain and rest content in base images, but rousing the upward-tending part of the soul and goading it with the deformity of the symbols, since it would not seem right or true, even to the very materialistic, that the super-celestial and divine visions are in truth similar to such base things. Besides, it is necessary to consider this also: that not one of the existing things

ἀναγωγιῶν, αἳ τὰς ἐφικτὰς ἡμῖν μορφώσεις προτείνουσι τῶν ἀμορφώτων καὶ ὑπερφυῶν θεαμάτων, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο τοῖς μυστικοῖς λογίοις ἐστὶ πρεπωδέστατον τὸ δι' ἀποῤῥήτων καὶ ἱερῶν αἰνιγμάτων ἀποκρύπτεσθαι καὶ ἄβατον τοῖς πολλοῖς τιθέναι τὴν ἱερὰν καὶ κρυφίαν τῶν ὑπερκοσμίων νοῶν ἀλήθειαν. Ἔστι γὰρ οὐ πᾶς ἱερὸς οὐδὲ πάντων, ὡς τὰ λόγιά φησιν, ἡ γνῶσις. Eἰ δὲ τὰς ἀπεμφαινούσας εἰκονογραφίας αἰτιάσοιτό τις αἰδεῖσθαι λέγων ἀνατιθέναι τὰ οὕτως αἰσχρὰ μορφώματα ταῖς θεοειδέσι καὶ ἁγιωτάταις διακοσμήσεσιν, ἀπόχρη πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰπεῖν ὡς διττός ἐστι τῆς ἱερᾶς ἐκφαντορίας ὁ τρόπος: <3> ὁ μὲν ὡς εἰκὸς διὰ τῶν ὁμοίων προϊὼν ἱεροτύπων εἰκόνων, ὁ δὲ διὰ τῶν ἀνομοίων μορφοποιϊῶν εἰς τὸ παντελῶς ἀπεοικὸς καὶ ἀπεμφαῖνον πλαττόμενος. Ἀμέλει καὶ τὴν σεβασμίαν τῆς ὑπερουσίου θεαρχίας μακαριότητα τῶν ἐκφαντορικῶν λογίων αἱ μυστικαὶ παραδόσεις ποτὲ μὲν ὡς λόγον καὶ νοῦν καὶ οὐσίαν ὑμνοῦσι, τὴν θεο πρεπῆ λογιότητα καὶ σοφίαν αὐτῆς δηλοῦσαι καὶ ὄντως οὖσαν ὕπαρξιν καὶ τῆς τῶν ὄντων ὑπάρξεως αἰτίαν ἀληθινήν, καὶ ὡς φῶς αὐτὴν ἀνα πλάττουσι καὶ ζωὴν ἀποκαλοῦσι, τῶν τοιούτων ἱερῶν ἀναπλασμάτων σεμνοτέρων μὲν ὄντων καὶ τῶν προσύλων μορφώσεων ὑπερκεῖσθαί πως δοκούντων, ἀποδεόντων δὲ καὶ οὕτω τῆς θεαρχικῆς πρὸς ἀλήθειαν ἐμ φερείας (ἔστι γὰρ ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν οὐσίαν καὶ ζωήν, οὐδενὸς μὲν αὐτὴν φωτὸς χαρακτηρίζοντος παντὸς δὲ λόγου καὶ νοῦ τῆς ὁμοιότητος αὐτῆς ἀσυγ κρίτως ἀπολειπομένων), ποτὲ δὲ ταῖς ἀποφατικαῖς ἐκφαντορίαις ὑπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν λογίων ὑπερκοσμίως ὑμνεῖται, ἀόρατον αὐτὴν καὶ ἄπειρον καὶ ἀχώρητον ἀποκαλούντων καὶ τὰ <λοιπὰ> ἐξ ὧν οὐ τί ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ τί οὐκ ἔστιν σημαίνεται. Τοῦτο γὰρ ὡς οἶμαι καὶ κυριώτερόν ἐστιν ἐπ' αὐτῆς, ἐπείπερ, ὡς ἡ κρυφία καὶ ἱερατικὴ παράδοσις ὑφηγήσατο, τὸ μὲν οὐκ εἶναι κατά τι τῶν ὄντων αὐτὴν ἀληθεύομεν, ἀγνοοῦμεν δὲ τὴν ὑπερούσιον αὐτῆς καὶ ἀνόητον καὶ ἄρρητον ἀοριστίαν. Eἰ τοίνυν αἱ μὲν ἀποφάσεις ἐπὶ τῶν θείων ἀληθεῖς, αἱ δὲ καταφάσεις ἀνάρμοστοι τῇ κρυφιότητι τῶν ἀποῤῥήτων, οἰκειοτέρα μᾶλλόν ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῶν ἀοράτων ἡ διὰ τῶν ἀνομοίων ἀναπλάσεων ἐκφαντορία. Τιμῶσι τοιγαροῦν, οὐκ αἴσχους ἀποπληροῦσι τὰς οὐρανίας διακοσμή σεις αἱ τῶν λογίων ἱερογραφίαι ταῖς ἀνομοίοις αὐτὰς μορφοποιίαις ἐκ φαίνουσαι καὶ διὰ τούτων ἀποδεικνῦσαι τῶν ὑλικῶν ἁπάντων ὑπερκοσ μίως ἐκβεβηκυίας. Ὅτι δὲ καὶ τὸν ἡμέτερον νοῦν ἀνάγουσι μᾶλλον αἱ ἀπεμφαίνουσαι τῶν ὁμοιοτήτων, οὐκ οἶμαί τινα τῶν εὐφρονούντων ἀντερεῖν. Eἰς μὲν γὰρ τὰς τιμιωτέρας ἱεροπλαστίας εἰκός ἐστι καὶ πλανη θῆναι, χρυσοειδεῖς τινας οἰομένους εἶναι τὰς οὐρανίας οὐσίας καὶ φωτο ειδεῖς τινας ἄνδρας καὶ ἐξαστράπτοντας, εὐπρεπεῖς, ἠμφιεσμένους ἐσθῆτα φανὴν καὶ τὸ πυρῶδες ἀβλαβῶς ἀποστίλβοντας καὶ ὅσοις ἄλλοις ὁμοιο τυπώτοις κάλλεσιν ἡ θεολογία τοὺς οὐρανίους ἐσχημάτισε νόας. Ὅπερ ἵνα μὴ πάθοιεν οἱ μηδὲν τῶν φαινομένων καλῶν ὑψηλότερον ἐννενοηκότες, ἡ τῶν ὁσίων θεολόγων ἀνατατικὴ σοφία καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἀπεμφαινούσας ἀνομοιότητας ἱερῶς κατάγεται, μὴ συγχωροῦσα τὸ πρόσυλον ἡμῶν εἰς τὰς αἰσχρὰς εἰκόνας ἀπομένον ἐπαναπαύεσθαι, διανιστῶσα δὲ τὸ ἀνω φερὲς τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ ὑπονύττουσα τῇ δυσμορφίᾳ τῶν συνθημάτων ὡς μήτε θεμιτοῦ μηδὲ ἀληθοῦς δοκοῦντος εἶναι μηδὲ τοῖς ἄγαν προσύλοις, ὅτι τοῖς οὕτως αἰσχροῖς ἐμφερῆ πρὸς ἀλήθειάν ἐστι τὰ ὑπερουράνια καὶ θεῖα θεάματα. Ἄλλως τε καὶ τοῦτο ἐννοῆσαι χρὴ τὸ μηδὲ ἓν τῶν ὄντων