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having a white color, like marble or ivory. And this is also found around Scythia. From these stones is the agate which has the color of a lion. When it is ground with water and applied to the bite of a wild animal, it wards off the venom of a scorpion and of vipers and of such things.

1.9 The amethyst stone. This, around its circumference, is a deep fiery red; but it is whiter from the middle, giving off a wine-colored appearance. Its form is varied; and perhaps it is also found in the mountains of Libya; for some of them are similar to a pure jacinth, and another to the purple dye. It is found on the shores of the sea of the same Libya.

1.10 The chrysolite stone. Some have called this chrysophyllon. It is golden; it is found in the two-rock well beside the wall of Achaemenitid Babylon; for they call Babylon and that well Achaemenitid because, they say, the father of Cyrus the king was called Achaemenes. And it is sprinkled with gold. This, when ground and drunk by those with stomach and bowel ailments, is a remedy.

1.11 The beryl stone is pale green, sea-colored, having the appearance also of the more watery jacinth. It is found near the end of the mountain called Taurus. And if someone should wish to refract this against the sun, it appears as glass having transparent millet seeds within. And another beryl is similar to the pupils of a dragon's eyes. And there is yet another similar to wax; this appeared near the mouth of the Euphrates river.

1.12 The onyx stone. This stone has a very yellow-brown color. They say that the brides of kings or also of rich men are delighted by this stone, who having had this stone fashioned into their own drinking cups, possess it. And there are other onychites called by the same name, which are similar to honey-colored wax; some say they are congealed from dripping water. They call them onychites, according to natural science, since the fingernail of refined men is characterized by marble with the appearance of blood; and others somewhere call the marble stone from Docimium falsely onychite because of its pure whiteness.

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λευκὴν ἔχων, μαρμάρου τρόπον ἢ ἐλεφαντίνου. Καὶ οὗτος δὲ περὶ τὴν Σκυθίαν εὑρίσκεται. Ἔστι δὲ ἐκ τούτων τῶν λίθων ἀχάτης χρῶμα ἔχων λέοντος. Τριβόμενος δὲ μεθ' ὕδατος καὶ χριόμενος ἐπὶ δήγματος θηρίου ἀποτρέπει ἰὸν σκορπίου καὶ ἐχιδνῶν καὶ τῶν τοιούτων.

1.9 Λίθος ἀμέθυστος. Οὗτος κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ περιφέρειαν φλογίζων ἐστὶ βαθέως· ἡ δὲ αὐτή ἐστι λευκοτέρα ἐκ τοῦ μέσου, οἰνωπὸν ἀποπέμπουσα εἶδος. Ἡ δὲ μορφὴ αὐτοῦ διάφορος· τάχα δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι γίνεται τῆς Λιβύης· ὁ μὲν γὰρ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ὑακίνθῳ καθαρῷ παραπλήσιος, ὁ δὲ ἀμφικόχλῳ. Γίνεται ἐν ταῖς ὄχθαις τῆς θαλάσσης τῆς αὐτῆς Λιβύης.

1.10 Λίθος χρυσόλιθος. Τοῦτόν τινες χρυσόφυλλον κεκλήκασι. Χρυσίζων μέν ἐστιν· εὑρίσκεται δὲ ἐν τῷ φρέατι διπέτρῳ παρὰ τὸ τεῖχος τῆς Ἀχαιμενίτιδος Βαβυλῶνος· τὴν γὰρ Βαβυλῶνα καὶ τὸ φρέαρ ἐκεῖνο Ἀχαιμενίτιδα καλοῦσιν, ὅτι, φασίν, ὁ πατὴρ Κύρου τοῦ βασιλέως Ἀχιμενεὺς ἐκαλεῖτο. Ἔστι δὲ καὶ χρυσόπαστος. Οὗτος στομαχικοῖς καὶ κοιλιακοῖς τριβόμενος καὶ πινόμενος ἰαματικὸς ὑπάρχει.

1.11 Λίθος βηρύλλιον γλαυκίζων μέν ἐστι, θαλασσοβαφής, ἔχων εἶδος καὶ τῆς ὑδαρεστέρας ὑακίνθου. Γίνεται δὲ περὶ τὸ τέρμα τοῦ ὄρους τοῦ καλουμένου Ταύρου. Εἰ δέ τις θελήσει κατ' ἀντικρὺ τοῦ ἡλίου τοῦτον ἀνακλάσαι, φαίνεται ὡς ὕελος κέγχρους ἔχων ἔνδοθεν διαυγεῖς. Ἄλλη δέ τις βήρυλλος ταῖς κόραις τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τοῦ δράκοντός ἐστι παραπλησία. Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλη πάλιν ὁμοία κηρῷ· ἐφάνη δὲ αὕτη περὶ τὴν ἔξοδον τοῦ Εὐφράτου ποταμοῦ.

1.12 Λίθος τὸ ὀνύχιον. Οὗτος ὁ λίθος ξανθὴν πάνυ ἔχει τὴν χροιάν. Τέρπεσθαι δὲ τῷ λίθῳ τούτῳ φασὶ τὰς νύμφας τῶν βασιλέων ἢ καὶ πλουσίων ἀνδρῶν, αἵ τινες καὶ εἰς ἐκπώματα ἴδια ἀνατρεψάσασαι ἔχουσι τὸν λίθον τοῦτον. Εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι ὀνυχίται ὁμωνύμως καλούμενοι, οἵ τινες κηρῷ τῷ μελιχρόῳ εἰσὶ παραπλήσιοι· τινὲς δέ φασιν αὐτοὺς ἐξ ὕδατος στακτοῦ πεπῆχθαι. Ὀνυχίτας δὲ αὐτοὺς λέγουσι φυσιολογικῶς, ἐπεὶ ὁ ὄνυξ τῶν ἀστείων ἀνδρῶν μαρμάρῳ ἐστὶ συνιδιαζόμενος σὺν τῇ τοῦ αἵματος ἰδέᾳ· ἄλλοι δέ που καὶ τὸν λίθον τὸν μαρμάρινον ἀπὸ τοῦ ∆οκιμίου ψευδωνύμως ὀνυχίτην καλοῦσι διὰ τὸ καθαρὸν τῆς λευκότητος.