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ministering to his commands. 1.2.6 This one also, from the first generation of humanity, all who are said to have excelled in righteousness and the virtue of piety, both those around the great servant Moses and, before him, first Abraham and his children and as many as appeared righteous afterwards and the prophets, having perceived him with the pure eyes of the mind, both knew him and paid him the fitting reverence as to a son of God, 1.2.7 and he himself, in no way neglecting the piety of the Father, was established as a teacher to all of the Father's knowledge. At any rate, the Lord God is said to have appeared like some common man to Abraham as he sat by the oak of Mamre; and he, immediately falling down, although seeing a man with his eyes, worships him as God, and beseeches him as Lord, and confesses that he is not ignorant of who he was, saying in these very words, 1.2.8 "O Lord, who judges all the earth, will you not execute judgment?" For if no reason allows that the unbegotten and immutable substance of God the almighty should change into the form of a man, nor again that the sight of those who see should be deceived by the phantasm of any created being, nor indeed that the Scripture should falsely invent such things, God and Lord, the one who judges all the earth and executes judgment, being seen in the form of a man, who else could he be proclaimed to be, if it is not right to say he is the first cause of all things, than his only pre-existent Word? concerning whom it is also said in the Psalms, "He sent his Word, and healed them, and delivered them from their corruptions." 1.2.9 Moses most clearly proclaims this one as a second Lord after the Father, saying, "The Lord rained on Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the Lord"; this one also, who appeared again to Jacob in the form of a man, the divine Scripture addresses as God, saying to Jacob, "Your name shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel shall be your name, for you have prevailed with God," at which time also "Jacob called the name of that place 'Form of God'," saying, "For I have seen God face to face, 1.2.10 and my soul was saved." And indeed it is not right to suppose that the recorded theophanies were of subordinate angels and ministers of God, since when one of these appears to men, the Scripture does not hide it, saying by name that not God nor Lord, but angels have spoken, as is easy to confirm through countless 1.2.11 testimonies. This one also, Jesus the successor of Moses, names commander of the army of the Lord, as the leader of the heavenly angels and archangels and of the supracelestial powers, and as being the power and wisdom of the Father and entrusted with the second place of the kingdom and rule over all, having seen him not otherwise than again 1.2.12 in the form and shape of a man. At any rate, it is written: "And it happened, when Jesus was in Jericho, that he looked up and saw a man standing opposite him, and his sword was drawn in his hand. And Jesus approached and said, 'Are you for us or for our adversaries?' And he said to him, 'I am the commander of the army of the Lord; now I have come.' And Jesus fell on his face to the ground and said to him, 'Master, what do you command your servant?' And the commander of the army of the Lord said to Jesus, 'Take off your sandal from your feet, for the place on which you are standing 1.2.13 is holy ground.'" There also you will understand from the same words that this was none other than the one who also spoke to Moses, because indeed the Scripture says with the same words in his case: "And when the Lord saw that he drew near to see, the Lord called to him out of the bush, saying, 'Moses, Moses.' And he said, 'What is it?' And he said, 'Do not come near here; take off your sandal from your feet, for the place on which you are standing is holy ground.' And he said to him, 'I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of 1.2.14 Jacob.'" And that there is a certain pre-cosmic, living, and subsisting substance, which ministered to the Father and God of all in the creation of all created things, being called the Word of God and Wisdom, in addition to the established

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ἐπιτάξεσιν ὑπουργοῦντα. 1.2.6 τοῦτον καὶ ἀπὸ πρώτης ἀνθρωπογονίας πάντες ὅσοι δὴ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ θεοσεβείας ἀρετῇ διαπρέψαι λέγονται, ἀμφί τε τὸν μέγαν θεράποντα Μωυσέα καὶ πρό γε αὐτοῦ πρῶτος Ἀβραὰμ τούτου τε οἱ παῖδες καὶ ὅσοι μετέπειτα δίκαιοι πεφήνασιν καὶ προφῆται, καθαροῖς διανοίας ὄμμασι φαντασθέντες ἔγνωσάν τε καὶ οἷα 1.2.7 θεοῦ παιδὶ τὸ προσῆκον ἀπένειμαν σέβας, αὐτός τε, οὐδαμῶς ἀπορρᾳθυμῶν τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς εὐσεβείας, διδάσκαλος τοῖς πᾶσι τῆς πατρικῆς καθίστατο γνώσεως. ὦφθαι γοῦν κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἀνείρηται οἷά τις κοινὸς ἄνθρωπος τῷ Ἀβραὰμ καθημένῳ παρὰ τὴν δρῦν τὴν Μαμβρῇ· ὁ δ' ὑποπεσὼν αὐτίκα, καίτοι γε ἄνθρωπον ὀφθαλμοῖς ὁρῶν, προσκυνεῖ μὲν ὡς θεόν, ἱκετεύει δὲ ὡς κύριον, ὁμολογεῖ τε μὴ ἀγνοεῖν ὅστις εἴη, ῥήμασιν αὐτοῖς λέγων 1.2.8 «κύριε ὁ κρίνων πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν, οὐ ποιήσεις κρίσιν;» εἰ γὰρ μηδεὶς ἐπιτρέποι λόγος τὴν ἀγένητον καὶ ἄτρεπτον οὐσίαν θεοῦ τοῦ παντοκράτορος εἰς ἀνδρὸς εἶδος μεταβάλλειν μηδ' αὖ γενητοῦ μηδενὸς φαντασίᾳ τὰς τῶν ὁρώντων ὄψεις ἐξαπατᾶν μηδὲ μὴν ψευδῶς τὰ τοιαῦτα πλάττεσθαι τὴν γραφήν, θεὸς καὶ κύριος ὁ κρίνων πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν καὶ ποιῶν κρίσιν, ἐν ἀνθρώπου ὁρώμενος σχήματι, τίς ἂν ἕτερος ἀναγορεύοιτο, εἰ μὴ φάναι θέμις τὸ πρῶτον τῶν ὅλων αἴτιον, ἢ μόνος ὁ προὼν αὐτοῦ λόγος; περὶ οὗ καὶ ἐν ψαλμοῖς ἀνείρηται «ἀπέστειλεν τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἰάσατο αὐτούς, καὶ ἐρρύσατο αὐτοὺς ἐκ τῶν διαφθορῶν 1.2.9 αὐτῶν». τοῦτον δεύτερον μετὰ τὸν πατέρα κύριον σαφέστατα Μωυσῆς ἀναγορεύει λέγων «ἔβρεξε κύριος ἐπὶ Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα θεῖον καὶ πῦρ παρὰ κυρίου»· τοῦτον καὶ τῷ Ἰακὼβ αὖθις ἐν ἀνδρὸς φανέντα σχήματι, θεὸν ἡ θεία προσαγορεύει γραφή, φάσκοντα τῷ Ἰακώβ «οὐκέτι κληθήσεται τὸ ὄνομά σου Ἰακώβ, ἀλλ' Ἰσραὴλ ἔσται τὸ ὄνομά σου, ὅτι ἐνίσχυσας μετὰ θεοῦ», ὅτε καὶ «ἐκάλεσεν Ἰακὼβ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ τόπου ἐκείνου Εἶδος θεοῦ», λέγων «εἶδον γὰρ θεὸν πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσω1.2.10 πον, καὶ ἐσώθη μου ἡ ψυχή». καὶ μὴν οὐδ' ὑποβεβηκότων ἀγγέλων καὶ λειτουργῶν θεοῦ τὰς ἀναγραφείσας θεοφανείας ὑπονοεῖν θέμις, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τούτων ὅτε τις ἀνθρώποις παραφαίνεται, οὐκ ἐπικρύπτεται ἡ γραφή, ὀνομαστὶ οὐ θεὸν οὐδὲ μὴν κύριον, ἀλλ' ἀγγέλους χρηματίσαι λέγουσα, ὡς διὰ μυρίων 1.2.11 μαρτυριῶν πιστώσασθαι ῥᾴδιον. τοῦτον καὶ ὁ Μωυσέως διάδοχος Ἰησοῦς, ὡς ἂν τῶν οὐρανίων ἀγγέλων καὶ ἀρχαγγέλων τῶν τε ὑπερκοσμίων δυνάμεων ἡγούμενον καὶ ὡς ἂν εἰ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑπάρχοντα δύναμιν καὶ σοφίαν καὶ τὰ δευτερεῖα τῆς κατὰ πάντων βασιλείας τε καὶ ἀρχῆς ἐμπεπιστευμένον, ἀρχιστράτηγον δυνάμεως κυρίου ὀνομάζει, οὐκ ἄλλως αὐτὸν ἢ αὖθις 1.2.12 ἐν ἀνθρώπου μορφῇ καὶ σχήματι θεωρήσας. γέγραπται γοῦν· «καὶ ἐγενήθη, ὡς ἦν Ἰησοῦς ἐν Ἰεριχώ, καὶ ἀναβλέψας ὁρᾷ ἄνθρωπον ἑστηκότα κατέναντι αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἡ ῥομφαία ἐσπασμένη ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ προσελθὼν Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν, ἡμέτερος εἶ ἢ τῶν ὑπεναντίων; καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, ἐγὼ ἀρχιστράτηγος δυνάμεως κυρίου· νυνὶ παραγέγονα. καὶ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, δέσποτα, τί προστάσσεις τῷ σῷ οἰκέτῃ; καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ἀρχιστράτηγος κυρίου πρὸς Ἰησοῦν, λῦσαι τὸ ὑπόδημα ἐκ τῶν ποδῶν σου· ὁ γὰρ τόπος, ἐν ᾧ σὺ ἕστηκας, 1.2.13 τόπος ἅγιός ἐστιν». ἔνθα καὶ ἐπιστήσεις ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν ῥημάτων ὅτι μὴ ἕτερος οὗτος εἴη τοῦ καὶ Μωυσεῖ κεχρηματικότος, ὅτι δὴ αὐτοῖς ῥήμασι καὶ ἐπὶ τῷδέ φησιν ἡ γραφή «ὡς δὲ εἶδεν κύριος ὅτι προσάγει ἰδεῖν, ἐκάλεσεν αὐτὸν κύριος ἐκ τοῦ βάτου λέγων, Μωυσῆ Μωυσῆ· ὁ δὲ εἶπεν, τί ἐστιν; καὶ εἶπεν, μὴ ἐγγίσῃς ὧδε· λῦσαι τὸ ὑπόδημα ἐκ τῶν ποδῶν σου· ὁ γὰρ τόπος, ἐν ᾧ σὺ ἕστηκας ἐπ' αὐτοῦ γῆ ἁγία ἐστίν. καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ θεὸς τοῦ πατρός σου, θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ καὶ θεὸς 1.2.14 Ἰακώβ». καὶ ὅτι γέ ἐστιν οὐσία τις προκόσμιος ζῶσα καὶ ὑφεστῶσα, ἡ τῷ πατρὶ καὶ θεῷ τῶν ὅλων εἰς τὴν τῶν γενητῶν ἁπάντων δημιουργίαν ὑπηρετησαμένη, λόγος θεοῦ καὶ σοφία χρηματίζουσα, πρὸς ταῖς τεθειμέναις