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He said it was temporary, having been given by God; for God, providing for the passionate soul, gave it senses and sensible things, so that being distracted and occupied with thoughts in them, it might escape the thoughts about to be cast into it by the adversaries. And he gave them, he says, also the age, that is, the principles of the age; for this is the kingdom of heaven which the Lord said we have within us, which, being covered by the passions, is not found by men. I knew, then, he says, that things are not good, but the principles of things, in which the rational nature is naturally disposed to rejoice and to do what is good; for nothing so nourishes and gives drink to the mind as virtue and the knowledge of God. 16 We do good through the timely use of the things given to us by God; for thus also all things will be beautiful in their time and "behold, all things are very beautiful." 17 3, 14 I knew that whatever God has done, it shall be forever; to it one cannot add, and from it one cannot take away, and God has done it, that they may fear before him If "whatever God has done shall be forever," but God did not make evil, then evil will not be forever. 18 From the manifold wisdom one cannot take away, and to it one cannot add. And God made it, he says, so that men, desiring knowledge, might cease from evil; "for by the fear of the Lord everyone turns away from evil." 19 3, 15 That which has been is now; and that which is to be has already been; and God will seek the persecuted one If "blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven," and the kingdom of heaven is the principles of the ages that have been and will be, then blessed are the persecuted, because they themselves will know the contemplation of the things that have been. For God is said to seek the one whom he enlightens with knowledge, and not to seek the one whom he does not enlighten with knowledge; "I have gone astray," says David, "like a lost sheep; seek your servant, for I have not forgotten your commandments"; for he himself was persecuted; "many," he says, "are they who persecute me and afflict me; I have not turned away from your testimonies." 20 3, 18 There I said in my heart concerning the speech of the sons of man, that God will test them, and this to show that they are beasts. He has now called the 'speech' of man his life, if indeed we shall give account for every idle word on the day of judgment, in which both the clean and the unclean are made manifest. 21 3, 19 And indeed the fate of the sons of man and the fate of the beast, one fate is to them; as the death of this one, so is the death of that one, and one spirit is for all; and what advantage has man over the beast? None, because all is vanity. 3, 20 All go to one place; all came from the dust, and all return to the dust; 3, 21 And who knows the spirit of the sons of man if it goes upward, and the spirit of the beast if it goes downward to the earth? 3, 22 And I saw that there is nothing better than for a man to rejoice in his works, because that is his portion; for who will bring him to see what will be after him? By 'fate' he means the things that happen in common to all men, both just and unjust in this world, such as life, death, sickness, health, wealth, poverty, loss of limbs, wives, children, possessions, from which it is not possible to distinguish before the judgment the just and the impious. And he says what is common to them is also to be from the dust and to return again to the dust, and that they have one soul, not in number, but in nature; "for," he says, "there is one spirit for all." And 'beast' he has now called the man who was in honor and did not understand, but through irrational pleasures was compared to the senseless beasts and made like them. But not even through the things which the just and the unjust do will they be clearly known before the judgment, since many unjust

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πρόσκαιρον εἶπεν αὐτὴν παρὰ θεοῦ δεδομένην· προνοούμενος γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τῆς ἐμπαθοῦς ψυχῆς ἔδωκεν αὐτῇ αἰσθήσεις καὶ πράγματα αἰσθητά, ὅπως ἐν αὐτοῖς περισπωμένη καὶ νοηματιζομένη ἐκφεύγῃ τοὺς μέλλοντας αὐτῇ παρὰ τῶν ἀντικειμένων ἐμβάλλεσθαι λογισμούς. Ἔδωκε δὲ αὐτοῖς, φησί, καὶ τὸν αἰῶνα, τουτέστι τοὺς λόγους τοῦ αἰῶνος· αὕτη γάρ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ἣν ἐντὸς ἔχειν ἡμᾶς εἶπεν ὁ κύριος, ἥτις καλυπτομένη ὑπὸ τῶν παθῶν οὐχ εὑρίσκεται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις. Ἔγνων οὖν, φησίν, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι τὰ πράγματα ἀγαθά, ἀλλ' οἱ λόγοι τῶν πραγμάτων, ἐφ' οἷς καὶ εὐφραίνεσθαι πέφυκεν ἡ φύσις ἡ λογικὴ καὶ ἐργάζεσθαι τὸ ἀγαθόν· οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω τρέφει καὶ ποτίζει τὸν νοῦν ὡς ἀρετὴ καὶ γνῶσις θεοῦ. 16 Τὸ ἀγαθὸν ποιοῦμεν διὰ τῆς εὐκαίρου χρήσεως τῶν ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ δεδομένων ἡμῖν· οὕτω γὰρ καὶ πάντα καλὰ ἔσται ἐν καιρῷ αὐτοῦ καὶ «ἰδοὺ πάντα καλὰ λίαν». 17 3, 14 ἔγνων ὅτι πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ θεός, αὐτὰ ἔσται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα· ἐπ' αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔστιν προσθεῖναι, καὶ ἀπ' αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀφελεῖν, καὶ ὁ θεὸς ἐποίησεν, ἵνα φοβηθῶσιν ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ Εἰ «πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς ἔσται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα», τὴν δὲ κακίαν ὁ θεὸς οὐκ ἐποίησεν, οὐκ ἔσται ἄρα εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἡ κακία. 18 Ἀπὸ τῆς πολυποικίλου σοφίας οὐκ ἔστιν ἀφελεῖν καὶ ταύτῃ οὐκ ἔστι προσθεῖναι. Ἐποίησε δέ, φησίν, αὐτὴν ὁ θεὸς ἵνα οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἐφιέμενοι τῆς γνώσεως παύσωνται τῆς κακίας· «τῷ γὰρ φόβῳ κυρίου ἐκκλίνει πᾶς ἀπὸ κακοῦ.» 19 3, 15 τὸ γενόμενον ἤδη ἐστίν, καὶ ὅσα τοῦ γίνεσθαι, ἤδη γέγονεν, καὶ ὁ θεὸς ζητήσει τὸν διωκόμενον Εἰ «μακάριοι οἱ δεδιωγμένοι ἕνεκεν δικαιοσύνης, ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν», ἡ δὲ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν οἱ λόγοι τῶν γεγονότων καὶ γενησομένων αἰώνων εἰσί, μακάριοι ἄρα οἱ δεδιωγμένοι, ὅτι αὐτοὶ γνώσονται τὴν θεωρίαν τῶν γεγονότων. Τοῦτον γὰρ λέγεται ζητεῖν ὁ θεὸς ὃν φωτίζει τῇ γνώσει καὶ τοῦτον μὴ ζητεῖν ὃν μὴ φωτίζει τῇ γνώσει· «ἐπλανήθην, φησὶν ὁ ∆αυίδ, ὡς πρόβατον ἀπολωλός· ζήτησον τὸν δοῦλόν σου, ὅτι τὰς ἐντολάς σου οὐκ ἐπελαθόμην»· καὶ γὰρ αὐτὸς ἦν διωκόμενος· «πολλοί, φησίν, οἱ ἐκδιώκοντές με καὶ θλίβοντές με· ἐκ τῶν μαρτυρίων σου οὐκ ἐξέκλινα.» 20 3, 18 ἐκεῖ εἶπα ἐγὼ ἐν καρδίᾳ μου περὶ λαλιᾶς υἱῶν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὅτι διακρινεῖ αὐτοὺς ὁ θεός, καὶ τοῦτο δεῖξαι ὅτι αὐτοὶ κτήνη εἰσίν Λαλιὰν νῦν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τὸν βίον αὐτοῦ ὠνόμασεν, εἴγε περὶ παντὸς ἀργοῦ λόγου δώσομεν εὐθύνας ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως, ἐν ᾗ καὶ οἱ καθαροὶ καὶ οἱ ἀκάθαρτοι φανεροῦνται. 21 3, 19 καί γε αὐτοῖς συνάντημα υἱῶν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ συνάντημα τοῦ κτήνους, συνάντημα ἓν αὐτοῖς· ὡς ὁ θάνατος τούτου, οὕτως ὁ θάνατος τούτου, καὶ πνεῦμα ἓν τοῖς πᾶσιν· καὶ τί ἐπερίσσευσεν ὁ ἄνθρωπος παρὰ τὸ κτῆνος; οὐδέν, ὅτι τὰ πάντα ματαιότης. 3, 20 τὰ πάντα πορεύεται εἰς τόπον ἕνα· τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο ἀπὸ τοῦ χοός, καὶ τὰ πάντα ἐπιστρέφει εἰς τὸν χοῦν· 3, 21 καὶ τίς οἶδεν τὸ πνεῦμα υἱῶν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εἰ ἀναβαίνει αὐτὸ εἰς ἄνω, καὶ πνεῦμα τοῦ κτήνους εἰ καταβαίνει αὐτὸ κάτω εἰς τὴν γῆν; 3, 22 καὶ εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἀγαθὸν εἰ μὴ ὃ εὐφρανθήσεται ἄνθρωπος ἐν ποιήμασιν αὐτοῦ, ὅτι αὐτὸ μερὶς αὐτοῦ· ὅτι τίς ἄξει αὐτὸν τοῦ ἰδεῖν ἐν ᾧ ἐὰν γένηται μετ' αὐτόν; Συνάντημα λέγει τὰ κοινῶς συμβαίνοντα πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις καὶ δικαίοις καὶ ἀδίκοις ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ, οἷον ζωήν, θάνατον, νόσον, ὑγείαν, πλοῦτον, πενίαν, ἀποβολὰς μελῶν, γυναικῶν, τέκνων, ὑπαρχόντων, ἀφ' ὧν οὐκ ἔστι διαγνῶναι πρὸ τῆς κρίσεως τὸν δίκαιον καὶ τὸν ἀσεβῆ. Κοινὸν δὲ λέγει αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ χοὸς εἶναι καὶ τὸ ἐπιστρέφειν πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸν χοῦν καὶ τὸ μίαν αὐτοὺς ἔχειν ψυχὴν οὐ τῷ ἀριθμῷ, ἀλλὰ τῇ φύσει· «πνεῦμα γάρ, φησίν, ἓν τοῖς πᾶσι.» Κτῆνος δὲ νῦν εἶπε τὸν ἄνθρωπον τὸν γενόμενον ἐν τιμῇ καὶ μὴ συνιέντα, ἀλλὰ διὰ τῶν ἀλόγων ἡδονῶν συμπαραβληθέντα τοῖς κτήνεσι τοῖς ἀνοήτοις καὶ ὁμοιωθέντα αὐτοῖς. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ δι' ὧν ἐνεργοῦσιν οἱ δίκαιοι καὶ οἱ ἄδικοι γνώριμοι σαφῶς ἔσονται πρὸ τῆς κρίσεως, πολλῶν ἀδίκων