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GREGORY PALAMAS, VOLUME II

IN DEFENSE OF THE HESYCHASTS. (P. 56)

FIRST QUESTION

Since I have heard some people say that even monks ought to pursue secular wisdom, because without it, it is not possible to be rid of ignorance and false opinions, even if one has reached the summit of dispassion, nor to attain perfection and holiness, unless one has collected knowledge from all quarters, and especially from Greek learning, for this too is a gift from God, just like those things given by revelation to the prophets and apostles, and through it, knowledge of existing things is added to the soul, and it adorns the cognitive faculty, which is superior to all the other powers of the soul, and it banishes every other evil from the soul, for every passion is born and strengthened from ignorance, but it also leads man to the knowledge of God; for otherwise it is not possible to know God, except through his creatures; since I heard them say these things, I was by no means persuaded, as my little experience in the monastic life has shown me the very opposite, but I was unable to answer them, since they also bring forward a more elevated argument, as follows: ‘It is not for nothing that we investigate the mysteries of nature and measure the circle of heaven and search out the contrary motions of the stars, and their conjunctions and distances and risings, and hunt down the consequences that result from these things and take great pride in them, but because the principles of these things exist in the divine and first and creative Mind, while the images of the principles in that Mind (p. 58) are present in our own soul. We therefore hasten to attain a full knowledge of these things and by methods of division, deduction and analysis to rid ourselves of the imprints of ignorance and thus, in life and after death, to be in the likeness of our maker.’ Since, then, I did not think I was capable of contradicting these arguments, I remained silent before them at the time, and now I ask you, father, to teach me the arguments for the truth, so that I may be ready, according to the Apostle, ‘to give an answer concerning the hope that is in us.’

FIRST RESPONSE

A DISCOURSE IN DEFENSE OF THOSE WHO DEVOUTLY PRACTICE A LIFE OF STILLNESS

IN WHAT RESPECT AND TO WHAT EXTENT IS IT PROFITABLE

TO BE OCCUPIED WITH SECULAR LEARNING. (P. 60) Brother, “it is good for the heart to be established by grace,” to speak apostolically; but by reason

how could anyone demonstrate the good that is beyond reason? Therefore, for this too you ought to give thanks to God who has granted you such a grace, which, for all their abundance of wisdom, does not even enter the minds of those who think they know everything, And even if you are not able to contradict them, although you know they are not attaining the truth, you should not be dismayed. For you have been convinced by deed, and you will be established in every way and altogether for eternity and

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ΓΡΗΓΟΡΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΛΑΜΑ ΤΟΜΟΣ Β'

ΥΠΕΡ ΗΣΥΧΑΖΟΝΤΩΝ. (Σελ. 56)

ΕΡΩΤΗΣΙΣ ΠΡΩΤΗ

Ἐπειδή τινων ἤκουσα λεγόντων δεῖν μεταδιώκειν τήν ἔξω σοφίαν καί τούς μονάζοντας, ὡς ἄνευ ταύτης οὐκ ἐνόν ἀγνοίας καί ψευδῶν ἀπαλλαγῆναι δοξασμάτων, κἄν εἰς ἀπάθειαν ἀφίκηταί τις ἄκραν, οὐδέ τελειότητός τε καί ἁγιότητος ἐπιλαβέσθαι, εἰ μή πανταχόθεν τό εἰδέναι συλλέξει, μάλιστα δέ τῆς καθ᾿ Ἕλληνας παιδείας, θεοῦ γάρ καί αὕτη δῶρον τῶν προφήταις καί ἀποστόλοις δι᾿ ἀποκαλύψεως δεδομένων ὁμοίως, καί γνῶσις δι᾿ αὐτῆς τῶν ὄντων τῇ ψυχῇ προσγίνεται καί τό γνωστικόν κρεῖττον ὄν ἁπασῶν τῶν τῆς ψυχῆς δυνάμεων κοσμεῖ, πᾶσάν τε ἄλλην κακίαν ἐξορίζει τῆς ψυχῆς, καί γάρ πᾶν πάθος ἐξ ἀγνοίας φύεταί τε καί κρατύνεται, ἀλλά καί εἰς τήν τοῦ Θεοῦ γνῶσιν ποδηγεῖ τόν ἄνθρωπον˙ ἄλλως γάρ οὐκ ἔνι γνῶναι τόν Θεόν, εἰ μή διά τῶν αὐτοῦ κτισμάτων ἐπειδή ταῦτ᾿ ἤκουσα λεγόντων, ἥκιστα μέν ἐπείσθην, τῆς μικρᾶς ἐν τῇ μοναχικῇ πολιτείᾳ μοι πείρας πᾶν τοὐναντίον προδειξάσης, ἀπολογήσασθαι δέ πρός αὐτούς οὐκ ἠδυνήθην, ἐπεί καί λόγον ὑψηλότερόν τινά φασιν, ὡς «οὐχ ἁπλῶς τῆς τε φύσεως πολυπραγμονοῦμεν τά μυστήρια καί τόν οὐρανοῦ καταμετροῦμεν κύκλον καί τάς ἀντιτεταγμένας τῶν ἄστρων κινήσεις ἐρευνώμεθα, συνόδους τε καί ἀποστάσεις καί ἐπιτολάς τάς τούτων καί τά ἐκ τούτων συμβαίνοντα θηρώμεθα καί μέγα φρονοῦμεν ἐπί τούτοις, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεί τούτων μέν οἱ λόγοι ἐν τῷ θείῳ καί πρώτῳ καί δημιουργικῷ νῷ, τῶν δ᾿ ἐν ἐκείνῳ (σελ. 58) λόγων αἱ εἰκόνες ἔνεισι τῇ καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς ψυχῇ˙ τούτων οὖν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει σπεύδομεν γενέσθαι καί διαιρετικαῖς καί συλλογιστικαῖς καί ἀναλυτικαῖς μεθόδοις τῶν τῆς ἀγνοίας ἑαυτούς τύπων ἀπαλλάξαι καί οὕτω καθ᾿ ὁμοίωσιν, ζῶντές τε καί μετά θάνατον, εἶναι τοῦ ποιήσαντος». Ἐπεί οὖν πρός ταῦτα οὐχ ἱκανός εἶναι ἀντιπεῖν ἐνόμισα, σιωπήσας πρός ἐκείνους τότε, παρά σοῦ νῦν ἀξιῶ, πάτερ, διδαχθῆναι τούς ὑπέρ τῆς ἀληθείας λόγους, ὡς ἕτοιμος γενοίμην κατά τόν ἀπόστολον «λόγον διδόναι περί τῆς ἐν ἡμῖν ἐλπίδος».

ΑΠΟΚΡΙΣΙΣ ΠΡΩΤΗ

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΥΠΕΡ ΤΩΝ ΙΕΡΩΣ ΗΣΥΧΑΖΟΝΤΩΝ

ΚΑΤΑ ΤΙ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΤΙΝΟΣ ΛΥΣΙΤΕΛΗΣ

Η ΠΕΡΙ ΛΟΓΟΥΣ ΤΡΙΒΗ. (Σελ. 60) Ἀδελφέ, «καλόν χάριτι βεβαιοῦσθαι τήν καρδίαν», ἀποστολικῶς εἰπεῖν˙ λόγῳ δέ

πῶς ἄν ἐνδείξατό τις τό ὑπέρ λόγον ἀγαθόν; Χρή τοίνυν καί κατά τοῦτό σε χάριτας ὁμολογεῖν Θεῷ χάριν παρασχόντι τοιαύτην, ἥ τοῖς τά πάντα οἰομένοις εἰδέναι περιουσίᾳ σοφίας οὐδ᾿ ἐπί νοῦν ἔρχεται, Κἄν μή τούτοις ἀντιλέγειν ἔχῃς, καίτοι τῆς ἀληθείας μή καταστοχαζομένους εἰδώς, δυσχεραίνειν οὐ δεῖ. Σύ μέν γάρ ἔργῳ πεπεισμένος, πάντῃ τε καί πάντως εἰς τό διηνεκές ἐστηριγμένος ἔσῃ καί