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But I will proceed to God and His creatures, and I bring your question to your wisdom. Did God create all things willing, or compelled? If compelled, here too is tyranny, and the one who tyrannized. But if willing, both the creatures are deprived of God, and you before all others, you who discover such reasonings and devise such sophistries. For by the will of the creator, it is walled off. But I think, one who wills and will are different, as are one who begets and begetting, one who speaks and speech, unless we are drunk. The former are the one who moves, the latter are like the motion. Therefore, what is willed is not of the will—for it does not always follow—nor is what is begotten of the begetting, nor what is heard of the utterance, but of the one who wills, and of the one who begets, and of the one who speaks. But the things of God are even beyond all these, for whom perhaps begetting is the will to beget, but there is nothing in between, if indeed we accept this at all, and not that begetting is even superior to will.

7 Do you want me to jest a bit about the Father too? For it is from you that I have the audacity for such things. Is the Father God willingly, or unwillingly. And how will you escape your own clever trap? If indeed willingly, when did he begin to will? For not before he was; for there was nothing before. Or was part of him that which willed, and part that which was willed? Then he is divisible. And how is he not also, according to you, an issue of will? But if unwillingly, what forced him into being? And how is he God, if he has been forced, and this being nothing other than his very being God? How then was he begotten? How was he created, if he was created according to you? For this too is part of the same difficulty. Perhaps you would say, by will and reason. But you do not yet say it all. For how did the will and the reason have the power of action? There is still more to say. For man is not so.

8 How then was he begotten? The begetting would not be a great thing if it were comprehended by you, who do not even understand your own begetting, or have comprehended but a small part of it, and only as much as you are ashamed to say; then do you think you know everything? You would have to labor much before you could find the principles of composition, of formation, of manifestation, of the soul's bond to the body, of the mind to the soul, of reason to the mind, of motion, of growth, of the assimilation of food, of sensation, of memory, of recollection, and the other things of which you are composed; and which belong to the composite of soul and body, which are separate, and which they receive from each other; for of things whose perfection comes later, their principles are with their begetting. Tell me what they are; and even then, do not philosophize about the begetting of God; for it is not safe. For if you know your own, you do not necessarily also know God's; but if not even your own, how can you know God's? For by as much as God is more incomprehensible than man, by so much is the begetting from above more incomprehensible than your own begetting. But if because it has not been comprehended by you, it is for this reason that he was not begotten, it is time for you to erase many of the things that exist, which you have not comprehended, and before all else God himself; for you cannot even say what He is, even if you are very bold and magnanimous in superfluous matters. Cast down your fluxions, and your divisions, and your sections, and your thinking about the incorporeal nature as if it were a body; and perhaps you might conceive something worthy of God's begetting. How was he begotten? For I will say the same thing again in my vexation. Let the begetting of God be honored in silence. It is a great thing for you to learn that he was begotten. But the how, not even for angels to conceive, let alone will we allow you to conceive. Do you want me to explain the how? As the begetting Father knows, and the begotten Son. But what is beyond these things is hidden in a cloud, escaping your dullness of sight.

9 Did he then beget him as existing, or as not existing? Such nonsense; these questions are for me and you, who in one sense existed, as Levi was in the loins of Abraham, and in another sense came to be; so that our existence is in a way from things that are, and things that are not; contrary to the case of primeval matter, which clearly came to be from things that are not, even if some fashion it as unbegotten. But in this case, being begotten is concurrent with being, and from the beginning; so where will you place this precipitous question? For what is older than that which is from the beginning, that we may place there the Son's once being, or not being? For in both ways "from the beginning" will be destroyed. Unless for you the Father also,

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ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὸν θεὸν μέτειμι καὶ τὰ κτίσματα, καὶ τὸ σὸν ἐρώτημα προσάγω τῇ σῇ σοφίᾳ. θέλων ὑπέστησε ὁ θεὸς τὰ πάντα, ἢ βιασθείς; εἰ μὲν βιασθείς, κἀνταῦθα ἡ τυραννίς, καὶ ὁ τυραννήσας. εἰ δὲ βουλόμενος, ἐστέρηται τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὰ κτίσματα, καὶ σὺ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων, ὁ τοιούτους ἀνευρίσκων λογισμοὺς καὶ τοιαῦτα σοφιζόμενος. θελήσει γὰρ μέσῃ τοῦ κτίστου διατειχίζεται. ἀλλ' ἕτερον, οἶμαι, θέλων ἐστὶ καὶ θέλησις, γεννῶν καὶ γέννησις, λέγων καὶ λόγος, εἰ μὴ μεθύομεν. τὰ μὲν ὁ κινούμενος, τὰ δὲ οἷον ἡ κίνησις. οὔκουν θελή σεως τὸ θεληθέν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἕπεται πάντως· οὐδὲ τὸ γεννηθὲν γεννή σεως, οὐδὲ τὸ ἀκουσθὲν ἐκφωνήσεως, ἀλλὰ τοῦ θέλοντος, καὶ τοῦ γεννῶντος, καὶ τοῦ λέγοντος. τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ δὲ καὶ ὑπὲρ πάντα ταῦτα, ᾧ γέννησίς ἐστιν ἴσως ἡ τοῦ γεννᾷν θέλησις, ἀλλ' οὐδὲν μέσον, εἴ γε καὶ τοῦτο δεξόμεθα ὅλως, ἀλλὰ μὴ καὶ θελήσεως κρείττων ἡ γέννησις.

7 Βούλει τι προσπαίξω καὶ τὸν πατέρα; παρὰ σοῦ γὰρ ἔχω τὰ τοιαῦτα τολμᾷν. θέλων θεὸς ὁ πατήρ, ἢ μὴ θέλων. καὶ ὅπως ἀποφεύξῃ τὸ σὸν περιδέξιον, εἰ μὲν δὴ θέλων, πότε τοῦ θέλειν ἠργμένος; οὐ γὰρ πρὶν εἶναι· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἦν τι πρότερον. ἢ τὸ μὲν αὐτοῦ θελῆσαν, τὸ δὲ θεληθέν; μεριστὸς οὖν. πῶς δὲ οὐ θελήσεως καὶ οὗτος, κατὰ σέ, πρόβλημα; εἰ δὲ οὐ θέλων, τί τὸ βιασάμενον εἰς τὸ εἶναι; καὶ πῶς θεός, εἰ βεβίασται, καὶ ταῦτα οὐκ ἄλλο τι ἢ αὐτὸ τὸ εἶναι θεός; πῶς οὖν γεγέννηται; πῶς ἔκτισται, εἴπερ ἔκτισται κατὰ σέ; καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο τῆς αὐτῆς ἀπορίας. τάχα ἂν εἴποις, βουλήσει καὶ λόγῳ. ἀλλ' οὔπω λέγεις τὸ πᾶν. πῶς γὰρ ἔργου δύναμιν ἔσχεν ἡ βούλησις καὶ ὁ λόγος; ἔτι λείπεται λέγειν. οὐ γὰρ οὕτως ἄνθρωπος.

8 Πῶς οὖν γεγέννηται; οὐκ ἂν ἦν μεγάλη ἡ γέννησις, εἰ σοὶ κατε λαμβάνετο, ὃς οὐδὲ τὴν ἰδίαν ἐπίστῃ γέννησιν, ἢ μικρόν τι ταύτης κατείληφας, καὶ ὅσον αἰσχύνῃ λέγειν· ἔπειτα οἴει τὸ πᾶν γινώσκειν; πολλὰ ἂν κάμοις πρότερον, ἢ εὕροις λόγους συμπήξεως, μορφώ σεως, φανερώσεως, ψυχῆς πρὸς σῶμα δεσμόν, νοῦ πρὸς ψυχήν, λόγου πρὸς νοῦν, κίνησιν, αὔξησιν, τροφῆς ἐξομοίωσιν, αἴσθησιν, μνήμην, ἀνάμνησιν, τἄλλα ἐξ ὧν συνέστηκας· καὶ τίνα μὲν τοῦ συναμφοτέρου ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος, τίνα δὲ τὰ μεμερισμένα, τίνα δὲ ἃ παρ' ἀλλήλων λαμβάνουσιν· ὧν γὰρ ὕστερον ἡ τελείωσις, τούτων οἱ λόγοι μετὰ τῆς γεννήσεως. εἰπὲ τίνες· καὶ μηδὲ τότε φιλοσοφήσῃς θεοῦ γέννησιν· οὐ γὰρ ἀσφαλές. εἰ μὲν γὰρ τὴν σὴν γινώσκεις, οὐ πάντως καὶ τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ· εἰ δὲ μηδὲ τὴν σήν, πῶς τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ; ὅσῳ γὰρ θεὸς ἀνθρώπου δυστεκμαρτότερος, τοσούτῳ καὶ τῆς σῆς γεννήσεως ἀληπτοτέρα ἡ ἄνω γέννησις. εἰ δὲ ὅτι μή σοι κατεί ληπται, διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ γεγέννηται, ὥρα σοι πολλὰ διαγράφειν τῶν ὄντων, ἃ μὴ κατείληφας, καὶ πρό γε ἁπάντων τὸν θεὸν αὐτόν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὅ τι ποτέ ἐστιν εἰπεῖν ἔχεις, καὶ εἰ λίαν τολμηρὸς εἶ, καὶ τὰ περιττὰ μεγαλόψυχος. κατάβαλέ σου τὰς ῥεύσεις, καὶ τὰς διαιρέ σεις, καὶ τὰς τομάς, καὶ τὸ ὡς περὶ σώματος διανοεῖσθαι τῆς ἀσω μάτου φύσεως· καὶ τάχα ἂν ἄξιόν τι διανοηθείης θεοῦ γεννήσεως. πῶς γεγέννηται; πάλιν γὰρ τὸ αὐτὸ φθέγξομαι δυσχεραίνων. θεοῦ γέννησις σιωπῇ τιμάσθω. μέγα σοι τὸ μαθεῖν, ὅτι γεγέννηται. τὸ δὲ πῶς, οὐδὲ ἀγγέλοις ἐννοεῖν, μὴ ὅτι γέ σοι νοεῖν συγχωρήσομεν. βούλει παραστήσω τὸ πῶς; ὡς οἶδεν ὁ γεννήσας πατήρ, καὶ ὁ γεννηθεὶς υἱός. τὸ δὲ ὑπὲρ ταῦτα νέφει κρύπτεται, τὴν σὴν διαφεῦ γον ἀμβλυωπίαν.

9 Ὄντα οὖν γεγέννηκεν, ἢ οὐκ ὄντα; τῶν ληρημάτων· περὶ ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ ταῦτα, οἳ τὸ μέν τι ἦμεν, ὥσπερ ἐν τῇ ὀσφύι τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ ὁ Λευί, τὸ δὲ γεγόναμεν· ὥστε ἐξ ὄντων τρόπον τινὰ τὸ ἡμέτερον, καὶ οὐκ ὄντων· ἐναντίως περὶ τὴν ἀρχέγονον ὕλην ὑποστᾶσαν σαφῶς ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων, κἄν τινες ἀγένητον ἀναπλάττωσιν. ἐνταῦθα δὲ σύν δρομον τῷ εἶναι τὸ γεγεννῆσθαι, καὶ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς· ὥστε ποῦ θήσεις τὸ ἀμφίκρημνον τοῦτο ἐρώτημα; τί γὰρ τοῦ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς πρεσβύ τερον, ἵν' ἐκεῖ θῶμεν τὸ εἶναί ποτε τοῦ υἱοῦ, ἢ τὸ μὴ εἶναι; ἀμφο τέρως γὰρ τὸ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς λυθήσεται. εἰ μή σοι καὶ ὁ πατήρ,