John Chrysostom, To Demetrius on Repentance I

a deception for souls, but one that will be exposed at the time of judgment, when there is no profit. For what is the benefit, tell me, for those deceived now, to then realize the deception, when nothing can be gained from repentance for the account of the resurrection? Let us not then deceive ourselves in vain, and reason falsely to our own harm, nor let us provoke another punishment, that which comes from unbelief. For not only does failing to yield to the commandments of Christ, but also disbelieving them, bring on the most severe punishment; and unbelief comes from being lax about the fulfillment of the commandments. 47.397 For when we are unwilling to provide for ourselves the security that comes from obedience, nor to do what is commanded, so as to free our mind from the fear of future things, being weighed down and choked by our conscience, and striving to cast off the great fear of the punishments that await, we cast ourselves into another pit, by disbelieving in those places of punishment. And just as those who are seized by a high fever, and plunge into cold waters, do not shake off the choking heat, but add another fire to themselves; so also we, being pricked by the conscience of our sins, are compelled to plunge ourselves into the strait of excess, so that we may sin in all things without fear for the future. For not only are we angry with our brothers who are present, but we also often fight with them when they are absent; which is the height of beastliness. And we bear with much gentleness those who are greater and more powerful than ourselves, even when they wrong and insult us, because of the fear of them, but we are hostile towards our equals and inferiors who have grieved us in nothing. So much greater is the power of the fear of men than the fear of Christ.

3. Is there then for us a hope of salvation when we show so much neglect and contempt? From where, tell me? What then that is burdensome did Christ demand from us, or what that is grievous? Do not be angry, he says, with your brother without cause. And this is much easier than bearing another who is angry without cause; for in that case the fuel for the fire has already been gathered, but in this case, with nothing underlying it, you yourself kindle the flame; and it is not the same thing, when another brings a torch, to endure and not be set on fire, and when no one is provoking you, to be quiet and calm. For the one who has mastered that has demonstrated a test of the greatest philosophy; but the one who accomplishes this would be worthy of no wonder. When, therefore, we accomplish the greater thing out of fear of men, but are unwilling to do even the lesser thing out of fear of God, consider how liable to punishment and vengeance we make ourselves. Therefore, consider your brother to be not only your equal, nor only the free man, but also the servant; For in Christ Jesus there is neither slave nor free, according to the Apostle. So that even if we are savage toward slaves without cause, we shall undergo the same judgment; for he too is a brother, and has been deemed worthy of the true freedom, having one spirit. Who then can show his own life to be pure from reviling and from irrational and vain anger? For do not tell me of the one who suffers this rarely, but of the one who has never been caught at all; and as long as you do not show us this, you will not be able to annul the threat, on account of not suffering this continuously. For even the one who steals and the one who fornicates, even if they commit that sin only once, are not released from punishment because they have not dared this many times, but because they have dared it at all, they are punished. And as for what is set down next, who among the unbelievers would not think it a myth, seeing it overturned by us with such vehemence? For when God said: If you bring your gift to the altar, and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there before the altar, and go first, be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift; but we, being at war with each other and deceitfully disposed, approach the altars. And God indeed so much of our

ψυχαῖς ἀπάτην, ἐλεγχθησομένην δὲ κατὰ τὸν τῆς κρίσεως καιρὸν, ὅτε κέρδος οὐδέν. Τί γὰρ ὄφελος, εἰπέ μοι, νῦν ἀπατηθέντας, τότε συνιδεῖν τὴν ἀπάτην, ὅταν μηδὲν ᾖ ἀπὸ τῆς μετανοίας εἰς τὸν τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἀπόνασθαι λόγον; Μὴ δὴ μάτην ἀπατῶμεν ἑαυτοὺς, καὶ παραλογιζώμεθα ἐπὶ κακῷ, μηδὲ ἑτέραν προκαλώμεθα τιμωρίαν, τὴν ἐκ τῆς ἀπιστίας. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον τὸ μὴ εἴκειν ταῖς ἐντολαῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ ἀπιστεῖν αὐταῖς χαλεπωτάτην ἐπάγει τὴν κόλασιν· τὸ δὲ ἀπιστεῖν γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ πρὸς τὴν ἐκπλήρωσιν ἐκλελύσθαι τῶν ἐντολῶν. 47.397 Ὅταν γὰρ τὴν ἐκτῆς ὑπακοῆς ἀσφάλειαν μὴ ἐθελήσωμεν ἑαυτοῖς πορίσασθαι, μηδὲ τὰ προστεταγμένα ποιεῖν, ὥστε ἀπαλλάξαι τοῦ φόβου τῶν μελλόντων τὸν λογισμὸν, βαρυνόμενοι τῷ συνειδότι καὶ ἀγχόμενοι, καὶ τὸν πολὺν τῶν κειμένων κολάσεων φόβον ἀποῤῥῖψαι σπουδάζοντες, εἰς ἕτερον ἑαυτοὺς καταβάλλομεν βάραθρον, ἀπιστοῦντες τοῖς κολαστηρίοις ἐκείνοις. Καὶ καθάπερ οἱ πολλῷ συνεχόμενοι πυρετῷ, καὶ κατὰ τῶν ψυχρῶν πηδῶντες ὑδάτων, οὐκ ἀποτινάσσονται τὸ πνῖγος, ἀλλ' ἕτερον ἑαυτοῖς προστιθέασι πῦρ· οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς, κεντούμενοι τῷ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων συνειδότι, εἰς τὸν τῆς ὑπερβολῆς εὔριπον καταποντίζειν ἑαυτοὺς ἀναγκαζόμεθα, ἵνα πάντα ἀδεῶς ἁμαρτάνωμεν τοῦ λοιποῦ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ μόνον παροῦσιν ὀργιζόμεθα τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀποῦσι πολλάκις μαχόμεθα· ὅπερ ὑπερβολὴ θηριωδίας ἐστί. Καὶ τοὺς μὲν μείζους ἑαυτῶν καὶ δυνατωτέρους καὶ ἀδικοῦντας καὶ ὑβρίζοντας φέρομεν μετὰ ἐπιεικείας πολλῆς, διὰ τὸν παρ' αὐτῶν φόβον, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ὁμοτίμους καὶ ἐλάττονας οὐδὲν λελυπηκότας ἀπεχθανόμεθα. Τοσοῦτον ὁ παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων φόβος τοῦ παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ μείζονα ἔχει τὴν ἰσχύν.

γʹ. Ἔστιν οὖν ἡμῖν σωτηρίας ἐλπὶς τοσαύτην ἐνδεικνυμένοις ὀλιγωρίαν καὶ καταφρόνησιν; πόθεν, εἰπέ μοι; Τί τοίνυν φορτικὸν ἀπῄτησε, τί δὲ ἐπαχθὲς παρ' ἡμῶν ὁ Χριστός; Μὴ ὀργίζου, φησὶ, τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου εἰκῆ. Πολὺ δὲ τοῦτο εὐκολώτερον τοῦ φέρειν ἕτερον ὀργιζόμενον εἰκῆ· ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ συνῆκται ἤδη τοῦ πυρὸς ἡ ὕλη, ἐνταῦθα δὲ, οὐδενὸς ὑποκειμένου, τὴν φλόγα ἀνάπτεις αὐτός· οὐκ ἔστι δὲ ἴσον, ἑτέρου λαμπάδα προσάγοντος, καρτερεῖν καὶ μὴ πίμπρασθαι, καὶ μηδενὸς παρακινοῦντος ἡσυχάζειν καὶ ἠρεμεῖν Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἐκείνου κρατήσας, μεγίστης φιλοσοφίας βάσανον ἐπεδείξατο· ὁ δὲ τοῦτο κατορθῶν, οὐδενὸς ἂν εἴη θαύματος ἄξιος. Ὅταν οὖν τὸ μεῖζον διὰ τὸν τῶν ἀνθρώπων φόβον ἀνύοντες, διὰ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ μηδὲ τὸ ἔλαττον βουλώμεθα, ἐννόησον ὅσης κολάσεως καὶ τιμωρίας ὑπευθύνους καθιστῶμεν ἑαυτούς. Τὸν τοίνυν ἀδελφὸν μὴ τὸν ὁμότιμον μόνον, μηδὲ ἐλεύθερον νομίσῃς εἶναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν οἰκέτην· Ἐν γὰρ Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ οὔτε δοῦλος, οὔτε ἐλεύθερος, κατὰ τὸν Ἀπόστολον. Ὥστε κἂν πρὸς τοὺς δούλους. ἀγριαίνωμεν εἰκῆ, τὴν αὐτὴν ὑποστησόμεθα δίκην· ἀδελφὸς γὰρ καὶ οὗτός ἐστι, καὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἠξίωται τῆς ἀληθοῦς, ἓν πνεῦμα ἔχων. Τίς οὖν λοιδορίας καθαρὸν τὸν ἑαυτοῦ βίον καὶ ὀργῆς ἀλόγου καὶ ματαίας ἐπιδεῖξαι δύναται; Μὴ γάρ μοι τὸν ὀλιγάκις τοῦτο πάσχοντα εἴπῃς, ἀλλὰ τὸν μηδὲ ὅλως ἁλόντα ποτέ· ἕως δ' ἂν μὴ τοῦτο δείξῃς ἡμῖν, οὐδὲ τὴν ἀπειλὴν λῦσαι δυνήσῃ, διὰ τὸ μὴ συνεχῶς τοῦτο παθεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ κλέπτων καὶ ὁ πορνεύων, κἂν ἅπαξ μόνον τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐκείνην ἐργάσωνται, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ μὴ πολλάκις τοῦτο τετολμήκασιν, ἀφίενται τῆς τιμωρίας, ἀλλὰ ἐπειδὴ τετολμήκασιν ὅλως, κολάζονται. Τὸ δὲ ἐφεξῆς τούτῳ κείμενον, τίς οὐκ ἂν τῶν ἀπίστων καὶ μῦθον εἶναι νομίσειε, μετὰ τοσαύτης. σφοδρότητος ἀνατετραμμένον ὁρῶν ὑφ' ἡμῶν; Τοῦ γὰρ Θεοῦ εἰπόντος· Ἐὰν προσφέρῃς τὸ δῶρόν σου ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον, κἀκεῖ μνησθῇς, ὅτι ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἔχει τι κατὰ σοῦ, ἄφες ἐκεῖ τὸ δῶρόν σου ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου, καὶ ὕπαγε πρῶτον, διαλλάγηθι τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου, καὶ τότε ἐλθὼν, πρόσφερε τὸ δῶρόν σου· ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐκπεπολεμωμένοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους καὶ ὑπούλως διακείμενοι τοῖς θυσιαστηρίοις πρόσιμεν. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Θεὸς τοσαύτην τῆς ἡμετέρας