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the prophet hinted at their unruliness. For he did not say, "You have put off the yoke," but, "You have broken the yoke," which is the fault of skittish beasts, casting off their bridles, refusing control. But whence has this hardness come? From gluttony and drunkenness. Who says this? Moses himself: Israel ate, and was filled and grew fat, and the beloved one kicked. For just as beasts, when they enjoy an abundant manger, becoming obese, become more stubborn and unruly, and endure neither yoke, nor reins, nor the hand of a driver; so too the people of the Jews, brought down into extreme wickedness by drunkenness and obesity, kicked up their heels, and did not accept the yoke of Christ, nor did they pull the plow of his teaching. Therefore, another prophet, hinting at this, said, "Israel was driven to frenzy like a frenzied heifer." And another called him an untaught calf. And such beasts, not being fit for work, become fit for slaughter. This, then, is what these people have suffered, and having made themselves useless for work, they have become fit for slaughter. For this reason Christ also said: "My enemies, who did not want me to reign over them, bring them here, and slay them." Then you should have fasted, O Jew, when drunkenness was working these terrible things in you, when gluttony gave birth to impiety, not now; for now the fast is untimely and abominable. Who says these things? Isaiah himself crying out with a great voice: "I have not chosen this fast," says the Lord. Why? "Because you fast for judgments and quarrels, and you strike your subordinates with your fists." But if, when you were striking your fellow servants, your fast was abominable, when you slaughtered the Master, does your fast then become acceptable? And how could that be reasonable? He who fasts ought to be composed, contrite, humbled, not drunk with anger; but you strike your fellow servants? Then, indeed, they fasted for judgments and quarrels; but now for licentiousness and the utmost intemperance, dancing with bare feet in the marketplace; and the pretense is that of those who fast, but the appearance is that of those who are drunk. Hear how the prophet commands to fast: "Sanctify a fast," he says; he did not say, "Make a pompous show of a fast"; "Proclaim a service, gather the elders." But these people, having gathered choirs of effeminate men, and a great rabble of prostituted48.847 women, drag the whole theatre and those from the stage into the synagogue; for there is no difference between the theatre and the synagogue. And I know that some condemn the boldness of my statement, because I said, "There is no difference between the theatre and the synagogue"; but I condemn their boldness, if they do not think so. For if I speak on my own authority, condemn me; but if I speak the words of the prophet, accept the verdict. 3. I know that many respect the Jews, and think that their way of life is venerable now; for which reason I am eager to uproot this deadly opinion from its foundations. I said that the synagogue is no better than a theatre, and I bring the testimony from a prophet; the Jews are not more trustworthy than the prophets. What then does the prophet say? "You have had a harlot's face; you have been shameless toward all." And where a harlot stands, that place is a brothel; or rather, the synagogue is not only a brothel and a theatre, but also a den of thieves and a haunt of beasts. "For your house," he says, "has become for me a den of hyenas;" and not simply of a beast, but of an unclean beast. And again, "I have left my house, I have forsaken my inheritance." And when God forsakes, what hope of salvation is left? When God forsakes, that place becomes a dwelling of demons. But they will surely say that they too worship God; but may it not be said! No Jew worships God. Who says these things? The Son of God. "For if you knew my Father," he says, "you would have known me also; but you know neither me nor my Father." What more trustworthy testimony than this can I produce? If, therefore, they are ignorant of the Father, the Son

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ὁ προφήτης τὸ δυσήνιον ᾐνίξατο. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἀπέθου τὸν ζυγὸν, ἀλλὰ, Συνέτριψας τὸν ζυγὸν, ὅπερ σκιρτώντων ἀλόγων ἐστὶν ἁμάρτημα, ἀφηνιώντων, παραιτουμένων τὴν ἀρχήν. Ἀλλὰ πόθεν αὕτη γέγονεν ἡ σκληρότης; Ἀπὸ ἀδηφαγίας καὶ μέθης. Τίς τοῦτό φησιν; Αὐτὸς ὁ Μωϋσῆς· Ἔφαγεν Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ἐνεπλήσθη καὶ ἐλιπάνθη, καὶ ἀπελάκτισεν ὁ ἠγαπημένος. Καθάπερ γὰρ τὰ ἄλογα, ἐπειδὰν δαψιλοῦς ἀπολαύσῃ φάτνης, εἰς πολυσαρκίαν ἐκβάντα, φιλονεικότερα καὶ δυσκάθεκτα γίνεται, καὶ οὔτε ζυγοῦ, οὔτε ἡνίας, οὔτε ἡνιόχου χειρὸς ἀνέχεται· οὕτω καὶ ὁ τῶν Ἰουδαίων δῆμος, ὑπὸ τῆς μέθης καὶ πολυσαρκίας εἰς κακίαν ἐσχάτην κατενεχθέντες, ἐσκίρτησαν, καὶ οὐκ ἐδέξαντο τὸν ζυγὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, οὐδὲ τὸ ἄροτρον τῆς διδασκαλίας εἵλκυσαν. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ἄλλος προφήτης αἰνιττόμενος ἔλεγεν, Ὡς δάμαλις παροιστρῶσα παροίστρησεν Ἰσραήλ. Ἕτερος δὲ αὐτὸν μόσχον ἀδίδακτον ἐκάλει. Τὰ δὲ τοιαῦτα ἄλογα, πρὸς ἐργασίαν οὐκ ὄντα ἐπιτήδεια, πρὸς σφαγὴν ἐπιτήδεια γίνεται. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ οὗτοι πεπόνθασι, καὶ πρὸς ἐργασίαν ἀχρήστους ἑαυτοὺς καταστήσαντες, πρὸς σφαγὴν ἐπιτήδειοι γεγόνασι. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἔλεγεν· Τοὺς ἐχθρούς μου, τοὺς μὴ θελήσαντάς με βασιλεῦσαι ἐπ' αὐτῶν, ἀγάγετε ὧδε, καὶ κατασφάξατε αὐτούς. Τότε ἔδει σε νηστεύειν, ὦ Ἰουδαῖε, ὅτε ἡ μέθη ταῦτά σε εἰργάζετο τὰ δεινὰ, ὅτε ἀσέβειαν ἔτεκεν ἡ ἀδηφαγία, οὐχὶ νῦν· νῦν γὰρ ἄκαιρος ἡ νηστεία καὶ βδελυκτή. Τίς ταῦτά φησιν; Αὐτὸς ὁ Ἡσαΐας μεγαλοφώνως βοῶν· Οὐ ταύτην τὴν νηστείαν ἐγὼ ἐξελεξάμην, λέγει Κύριος. ∆ιὰ τί; Ὅτι εἰς κρίσεις καὶ μάχας νηστεύετε, καὶ τύπτετε πυγμαῖς τοὺς ὑποχειρίους. Εἰ δὲ, ὅτε τοὺς συνδούλους ἔτυπτες, βδελυκτή σου ἦν ἡ νηστεία, ὅτε τὸν ∆εσπότην κατέσφαξας, τότε σου προσδεκτὴ ἡ νηστεία γίνεται; Καὶ πῶς ἂν ἔχοι λόγον; Τὸν νηστεύοντα κατεσταλμένον εἶναι χρὴ, συντετριμμένον, τεταπεινωμένον, οὐχὶ μεθύειν ὑπὸ τῆς ὀργῆς· σὺ δὲ τύπτεις τοὺς συνδούλους; Τότε μὲν οὖν εἰς κρίσεις καὶ μάχας ἐνήστευον· νῦν δὲ εἰς ἀσελγείας καὶ τὴν ἐσχάτην ἀκολασίαν, γυμνοῖς τοῖς ποσὶν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ὀρχούμενοι· καὶ ἡ μὲν ὑπόθεσις νηστευόντων, τὸ δὲ σχῆμα μεθυόντων. Ἄκουσον πῶς κελεύει νηστεύειν ὁ προφήτης· Ἁγιάσατε νηστείαν, φησίν· οὐκ εἶπε, πομπεύσατε νηστείαν· Κηρύξατε θεραπείαν, συναγάγετε πρεσβυτέρους. Οὗτοι δὲ χοροὺς μαλακῶν συναγαγόντες, καὶ πολὺν πεπορνευ48.847 μένων γυναικῶν συρφετὸν, τὸ θέατρον ἅπαν καὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς σκηνῆς εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν ἐπισύρουσι· θεάτρου γὰρ καὶ συναγωγῆς οὐδὲν τὸ μέσον. Καὶ οἶδα μὲν ὅτι τινὲς τόλμαν καταγινώσκουσι τοῦ λόγου, ὅτι εἶπον, Θεάτρου καὶ συναγωγῆς οὐδὲν τὸ μέσον· ἐγὼ δὲ αὐτῶν τόλμαν καταγινώσκω, ἐὰν μὴ οὕτω νομίζωσιν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ οἴκοθεν ἀποφαίνομαι, κατάγνωθι· εἰ δὲ τοῦ προφήτου λέγω τὰ ῥήματα, δέξαι τὴν ἀπόφασιν. γʹ. Οἶδα ὅτι πολλοὶ αἰδοῦνται Ἰουδαίους, καὶ σεμνὴν νομίζουσιν εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνων πολιτείαν νῦν· διὸ τὴν ὀλεθρίαν ὑπόληψιν πρόῤῥιζον ἀνασπάσαι ἐπείγομαι. Εἶπον ὅτι θεάτρου ἡ συναγωγὴ οὐδὲν ἄμεινον διάκειται, καὶ ἀπὸ προφήτου παράγω τὴν μαρτυρίαν· οὐκ εἰσὶν Ἰουδαῖοι τῶν προφητῶν ἀξιοπιστότεροι. Τί οὖν ὁ προφήτης φησίν; Ὄψις πόρνης ἐγένετό σοι· ἀπηναισχύντησας πρὸς πάντας. Ἔνθα δὲ πόρνη ἕστηκεν, πορνεῖόν ἐστιν ὁ τόπος· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐχὶ πορνεῖον καὶ θέατρον μόνον ἐστὶν ἡ συναγωγὴ, ἀλλὰ καὶ σπήλαιον λῃστῶν, καὶ καταγώγιον θηρίων· Σπήλαιον γὰρ, φησὶν, ὑαίνης ἐγένετό μοι ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν· οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς θηρίου, ἀλλὰ θηρίου ἀκαθάρτου. Καὶ πάλιν, Ἀφῆκα τὸν οἶκόν μου, ἐγκαταλέλοιπα τὴν κληρονομίαν μου. Ὅταν δὲ ὁ Θεὸς ἀφῇ, ποία λοιπὸν σωτηρίας ἐλπίς; Ὅταν ὁ Θεὸς ἀφῇ, δαιμόνων κατοικητήριον γίνεται ἐκεῖνο τὸ χωρίον. Ἀλλὰ πάντως ἐροῦσιν, ὅτι καὶ αὐτοὶ τὸν Θεὸν προσκυνοῦσιν· ἀλλὰ μὴ γένοιτο τοῦτο εἰπεῖν! Οὐδεὶς Ἰουδαῖος προσκυνεῖ τὸν Θεόν. Τίς ταῦτά φησιν; Ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ. Εἰ τὸν Πατέρα γάρ μου ᾔδειτε, φησὶ, κἀμὲ ᾔδειτε ἄν· οὔτε δὲ ἐμὲ οἴδατε, οὔτε τὸν Πατέρα μου οἴδατε. Ποίαν ταύτης ἀξιοπιστοτέραν μαρτυρίαν παραγάγω; Εἰ τοίνυν τὸν Πατέρα ἀγνοοῦσι, τὸν Υἱὸν