he did not speak to them», and not to the crowds when he came «into the house» does he speak, but to the disciples who came to him in it, it is clear that the things spoken in the house are not parables; for to those «outside» he speaks in parables, and to those to whom «it is not given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven». Someone will say, then: if these are not parables, what are they? Perhaps, then, following the wording of the scripture, we will say that they are likenesses. But a likeness differs from a parable; for it is written in Mark: «To what shall we compare the kingdom of God, or with what parable shall we set it forth?» For from this it is established that there is a difference between a comparison and a parable. It seems, then, that the comparison is generic, while the parable is specific. And perhaps the comparison, being the most general term, contains under it as a species not only the parable, but also a 'comparison' that is homonymous with the general term. This is what has also happened in other cases, as those skilled in the establishment of many names have observed; who say that 'impulse' is also a most general term <containing> many species, such as 'aversion' and 'impulse,' saying that 'impulse' as a species is taken homonymously with the genus, in contradistinction to 'aversion'. 10.5 And in this we must investigate the field by itself, and by itself the treasure hidden in it, and in what way the man, having found this hidden treasure, goes away in his joy and sells all that he has, in order to buy that field. And it must be investigated what it is that he sells. It seems to me, then, according to these things, that the field is the Scripture, planted with the manifest words of the history and the law and the prophets and the other thoughts—for the planting of the words of the whole Scripture is both great and varied—and the treasure hidden <in> the field is the hidden thoughts underlying the manifest ones, of the wisdom hidden «in a mystery» and in Christ, «in whom are all the hidden treasures of wisdom and knowledge». But another might say that the «field» is the one truly «full, which the Lord has blessed,» the «Christ of God», and the treasure hidden in it is the things said by Paul to be hidden in Christ, when he says concerning Christ, «in whom are all the hidden treasures of wisdom and knowledge». The heavenly things, therefore, and the kingdom of heaven are written as in an image in the Scriptures, which are the kingdom of heaven, or Christ himself, the king of the ages, is the kingdom of heaven, likened to a treasure hidden in the field. 10.6 But coming to the passage, you will investigate whether the kingdom of heaven is likened only to the treasure hidden in the field, so that one understands the field to be something other than the kingdom, or is it likened to this whole thing, <to the field and to the> treasure hidden in the field, so that the kingdom of heaven, according to the likeness, is both the field and the treasure hidden in the field. And when a man comes to the field, whether the Scriptures or Christ who is composed of manifest and hidden things, he finds the hidden treasure of wisdom, whether in Christ or in the Scriptures—for by going about the field and searching the Scriptures and seeking to understand Christ, he finds the treasure in it—and having found it, he hides it, not thinking it to be without risk to reveal the ineffable thoughts of the Scriptures or the treasures «of wisdom and knowledge» in Christ to random people, and having hidden it, he goes away to busy himself with how he will buy the field, that is, the Scriptures, so that he may make them his own possession, having received from God «the oracles of God,» which were first «entrusted» to the Jews. And when he who has become a disciple to Christ has bought the field, «the kingdom of God» is taken away from them, which, according to another parable, is a vineyard, and is given «to a nation producing its fruits», to the one who through faith bought the field by having sold all his possessions and no longer having with him any of his former possessions—and wickedness was what he possessed. You will apply the same thing, even if the field having the hidden treasure is Christ; for those who have «left everything» and follow him, as if according to another
οὐκ ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς», οὐ τοῖς ὄχλοις δὲ ἐλθὼν «εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν» διαλέγεται ἀλλὰ τοῖς προσελθοῦσιν αὐτῷ μαθηταῖς ἐν αὐτῇ, δῆλον ὅτι οὔκ εἰσι παραβολαὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ λελαλημένα· τοῖς γὰρ «ἔξω» ἐν παραβολαῖς λαλεῖ καὶ οἷς «οὐ δέδοται γνῶναι τὰ μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν». Φήσει τις οὖν· εἰ μή εἰσιν αὗται παραβολαί, τί εἰσιν; μήποτε οὖν τῇ λέξει τῆς γραφῆς ἀκολουθοῦντες φήσομεν ὅτι ὁμοιότητές εἰσι. ∆ιαφέρει δὲ ὁμοιότης παρα βολῆς· γέγραπται γὰρ ἐν τῷ Μάρκῳ· «Τίνι ὁμοιώσωμεν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ, ἢ ἐν τίνι αὐτὴν παραβολῇ θῶμεν;» Ἐκ τούτου γὰρ παρίσταται διαφορὰν εἶναι ὁμοιώσεως καὶ παραβολῆς. Ἔοικεν οὖν ἡ μὲν ὁμοίωσις εἶναι γενική, ἡ δὲ παραβολὴ εἰδική. Τάχα δὲ καὶ ἡ ὁμοίωσις γενικωτάτη οὖσα τῆς παραβολῆς ἔχει ἐν εἴδει, ὥσπερ τὴν παραβολήν, οὕτω καὶ ὁμώνυμον τῷ γενικῷ τὴν ὁμοίωσιν. Ὅπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων συμβέβηκεν, ὡς τετηρήκασιν οἱ δεινοὶ περὶ τὴν τῶν πολλῶν ὀνομάτων θέσιν· οἵτινες λέγουσι καὶ γενικωτάτην εἶναι τὴν ὁρμὴν πολλῶν εἰδῶν <περιεκτικήν>, ὥσπερ καὶ ἀφορμῆς καὶ ὁρμῆς, ἐν εἴδει λέγοντες ὁμωνύμως τῷ γενικῷ παραλαμβάνεσθαι πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν τῆς ἀφορμῆς τὴν ὁρμήν. 10.5 Καὶ ἐν τούτῳ ζητητέον ἰδίᾳ τὸν ἀγρὸν καὶ ἰδίᾳ τὸν κεκρυμμένον ἐν αὐτῷ θησαυρόν, καὶ τίνα τρόπον εὑρὼν τοῦτον κεκρυμμένον τὸν θησαυρὸν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς ἄπεισι καὶ πωλεῖ ὅσα ἔχει, ἵνα ἀγοράσῃ τὸν ἀγρὸν ἐκεῖνον. Ζητητέον δὲ καὶ τίνα ἐστὶν ἃ πωλεῖ. ∆οκεῖ δή μοι κατὰ ταῦτα ἀγρὸς μὲν εἶναι ἡ γραφὴ καταφυτευθεῖσα τοῖς φανεροῖς τῶν ῥητῶν τῆς ἱστορίας καὶ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν νοημάτων-πολλὴ γὰρ φυτεία καὶ ποικίλη ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ τῶν ῥητῶν τῆς ὅλης γραφῆς-, ὁ δὲ <ἐν> τῷ ἀγρῷ κεκρυμμένος θησαυρὸς τὰ ἀποκεκρυμμένα καὶ ὑποκείμενα τοῖς φανεροῖς νοήματα τῆς σοφίας «ἐν μυστηρίῳ» ἀποκεκρυμμένης καὶ τῷ Χριστῷ, «ἐν ᾧ εἰσιν οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως ἀπόκρυφοι». Ἄλλος δ' ἂν λέγοι «ἀγρὸν» μὲν εἶναι τὸν ἀληθῶς «πλήρη, ὃν εὐλό γησε κύριος», τὸν «Χριστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ», τὸν δ' ἐν αὐτῷ κεκρυμμένον θησαυρὸν τὰ εἰρημένα παρὰ τῷ Παύλῳ κεκρύφ θαι ἐν Χριστῷ, λέγοντι περὶ Χριστοῦ τὸ «ἐν ᾧ εἰσιν οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ τῆς γνώσεως ἀπόκρυφοι». Τὰ οὐράνια τοίνυν πράγματα καὶ ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ὥσπερ ἐν εἰκόνι γέγραπται ταῖς γραφαῖς αἵτινές εἰσιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἢ αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν αἰώνων ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν, ὡμοιωμένη θησαυρῷ κεκρυμμένῳ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ. 10.6 Γενόμενος δὲ κατὰ τὸν τόπον ζητήσεις πότερον ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν μόνῳ τῷ θησαυρῷ ὡμοίωται τῷ κεκρυμμένῳ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ, ὡς ἄλλον νοεῖν τῆς βασιλείας τὸν ἀγρόν, ἢ ὅλῳ τούτῳ ὡμοίωται <τῷ ἀγρῷ καὶ τῷ> θησαυρῷ κεκρυμμένῳ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ, ὡς τὴν τῶν οὐρανῶν βασιλείαν εἶναι κατὰ τὴν ὁμοίωσιν καὶ τὸν ἀγρὸν καὶ τὸν κεκρυμμένον ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ θησαυρόν. Ἐλθὼν δέ τις ἄνθρωπος εἰς τὸν ἀγρόν, εἴτε τὰς γραφὰς εἴτε τὸν Χριστὸν τὸν ἐκ φανερῶν καὶ κρυπτῶν συνεστηκότα, εὑρίσκει τὸν κεκρυμμένον τῆς σοφίας θησαυρόν, εἴτε ἐν Χριστῷ εἴτε ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς - ἐμπεριερχόμενος γὰρ τὸν ἀγρὸν καὶ ἐρευνῶν τὰς γραφὰς καὶ ζητῶν νοῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν εὑρίσκει τὸν ἐν αὐτῷ θησαυ ρόν-, καὶ εὑρὼν κρύπτει, οὐκ ἀκίνδυνον εἶναι νομίζων τὰ τῶν γραφῶν ἀπόρρητα νοήματα ἢ τοὺς ἐν Χριστῷ θησαυροὺς «σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως» ἐκφαίνειν τοῖς τυχοῦσι, καὶ κρύψας ἄπεισι πραγματευόμενος πῶς ἀγοράσει τὸν ἀγρὸν ἤτοι τὰς γραφάς, ἵνα ἴδιον κτῆμα αὐτὰς ποιήσῃ, λαβὼν ἀπὸ τῶν τοῦ θεοῦ «τὰ λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ», ἃ πρῶτον Ἰουδαῖοι «ἐπιστεύθησαν». Καὶ ἀγοράσαντος τοῦ μαθητευθέντος Χριστῷ τὸν ἀγρὸν ἀφαιρεῖται ἀπ' ἐκείνων «ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ» ἥτις ἐστὶ κατ' ἄλλην παραβολὴν ἀμπελών, καὶ δίδοται «ἔθνει ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς», τῷ διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἀγοράσαντι τὸν ἀγρὸν ἐκ τοῦ πεπρακέναι πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντα καὶ μηδὲν τῶν πρότερον ὑπαρχόντων-κακία δὲ ὑπῆρχεν αὐτῷ-ἔτι ἔχειν παρ' ἑαυτῷ. Τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ ἐφαρμόσεις, κἂν ἀγρὸς ὁ ἔχων τὸν κεκρυμμένον θησαυρὸν ὁ Χριστὸς ᾖ· οἱ γὰρ «ἀφέντες πάντα» καὶ ἀκολουθοῦντες αὐτῷ οἱονεὶ κατ' ἄλλον