De principiis

 To one who has received instruction and has practiced the ticklings and irritations occur, but reason, having been greatly strengthened and nourished

 He speaks to us as having free will and being the cause of our own destruction or salvation for he says, or do you despise the riches of his goodnes

 Since it was possible for him to be persuaded, and he certainly would have been persuaded, not being of an earthly nature, when constrained by the won

 In the underlying matter, from the one heat the wax is melted, but the clay is dried so the one energy working through moses on the one hand exposed

 In proportion to the unspeakable beneficence, to the greatest possible degree of blessedness they have attained. 3.1.13 therefore, he who is abandoned

 Stony hearts” and places in them “fleshy ones,” so that “his ordinances may be kept” and the commandments observed, it is not in our power to put away

 From the old [testament], being accused of such things. but if they seek a defense concerning the gospel, it must be said to them, unless they act rep

 Such things, by which having been seen and heard, the sin of those who after such great and numerous things have not believed is proven to be heavier

 Therefore, that which is from god is manifoldly and exceedingly more for salvation than that which is in our power. therefore, i think the saying mean

 Of the body, according to what he has done, whether it be good or bad” is it sound, when those who have done evil things have come to this course of a

 To advance to better things, while others fall from better things to worse, and some are preserved in good things or ascend from good things to better

 Nor when the teachers were many, to be preached everywhere in the world, so that greeks and barbarians, wise and foolish were added to the worship

 “grace is poured out on his lips”? for a proof of the “grace poured out on his lips” is that after a short time of his teaching (for he taught for abo

 In the sun and moon and stars and is not so manifest in the events of human life, as in the souls and the bodies of animals, since the “for what purp

 They thought, since the creator was imperfect and not good, that the savior had come announcing a more perfect god, whom they say is not the creator,

 You did not enter, and you hindered those who were entering.” 4.2.4 the way, therefore, that appears to us for how one ought to approach the scripture

 Character. but a spiritual interpretation for the one who is able to show of what “heavenly things the pattern and shadow” the jews “according to the

 Is so great upon the earth, and if not only upon the earth, but also elsewhere, it is necessary for us to learn. 4.2.8 these things, and others like t

 Like a farmer, that god 'planted a paradise in eden toward the east,' and made in it a 'tree of life,' visible and perceptible, so that by tasting of

 But also the saying “to be struck on the right jaw” is most improbable, since everyone who strikes, unless he happens to have some unnatural condition

 Every part has the spiritual, but not every part the corporeal for in many places the corporeal is shown to be impossible. therefore, much attention

 Of us.” and in another epistle: “but you have come to mount zion and to the city of the living god, the heavenly jerusalem, and to myriads of angels,

 Of israel or of those being far off, and the “descent into egypt of the seventy souls”, that there they might become “as the stars of heaven in number

he speaks to us as having free will and being the cause of our own destruction or salvation; for he says, "Or do you despise the riches of His goodness and forbearance and longsuffering, not knowing that the goodness of God leads you to repentance? But in accordance with your hardness and your impenitent heart you are treasuring up for yourself wrath in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God, who 'will render to each one according to his deeds': eternal life to those who by patient continuance in doing good seek for glory, honor, and immortality; but to those who are self-seeking and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness—indignation and wrath, tribulation and anguish, on every soul of man who does evil, of the Jew first and also of the Greek; but glory, honor, and peace to everyone who works what is good, to the Jew first and also to the Greek." There are, then, countless passages in the Scriptures which very clearly establish the point of free will. 3.1.7 But since some passages from the Old and New Testaments are seized upon for the opposite view, that is, that it is not in our power to keep the commandments and be saved, or to transgress them and be lost, come let us quote some of these as well and examine their solutions, so that from the passages we cite, a person may select for himself in like manner all those that seem to abolish free will, and may investigate their solutions. And indeed, many have been disturbed by the account of Pharaoh, about whom God, giving a divine oracle, says repeatedly, "But I will harden Pharaoh's heart." For if he is hardened by God and sins because he is hardened, he is not himself the cause of his sin; and if this is so, Pharaoh does not have free will. And one might say that, in the same way, those who perish do not have free will, nor do they perish by their own fault. And the passage in Ezekiel, "I will take the stony hearts out of them and will put in them hearts of flesh, that they may walk in my statutes and keep my ordinances," might disturb someone, as if God grants the "walking in the commandments and keeping the ordinances" by having removed the impediment, the "stony heart," and having put in the better one, the "heart of flesh." Let us also look at what is from the Gospel, what the Savior answers to those who asked, "Why do you speak to the multitudes in parables?"; He says, "so that seeing they may not see, and hearing they may hear and not understand; lest they should turn, and their sins be forgiven them." And furthermore from Paul: "So then it is not of him who wills, nor of him who runs, but of God who shows mercy," and in another place: "for it is God who works in you both to will and to do," and elsewhere: "Therefore He has mercy on whom He wills, and whom He wills He hardens. You will say to me then, 'Why does He still find fault? For who has resisted His will?'" [and "This persuasion comes from Him who calls you" and not from us,] "But indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? [and again:] 'Will the thing formed say to him who formed it, "Why have you made me like this?"' 'Does not the potter have power over the clay, from the same lump to make one vessel for honor and another for dishonor?'" For these things in themselves are enough to disturb many, as if man does not have free will, but it is God who saves and destroys whomever He himself wishes. 3.1.8 Let us begin, then, with the statements about Pharaoh, that he was hardened by God so that he would not send the people away; with which will be examined at the same time the apostolic saying: "Therefore He has mercy on whom He wills, and whom He wills He hardens." And since some of the heretics use these, they too virtually abolishing free will by introducing natures that are being destroyed, incapable of being saved, and others that are being saved, incapable of being lost, and they say that Pharaoh, being of a perishing nature, was for this reason hardened by God, who shows mercy to the spiritual, but hardens the earthly, come let us see what it is they are saying. For we shall ask them if Pharaoh was of an earthly nature. And to their reply we will say that he who is of an earthly nature in every case disobeys God; but if he disobeys, what need is there for his heart to be hardened, and this not once but many times? Unless perhaps

αὐτεξουσίοις ἡμῖν διαλέγεται καὶ ἑαυτοῖς αἰτίοις τυγχάνουσιν ἀπωλείας ἢ σωτηρίας· «ἢ τοῦ πλού του» γάρ φησι «τῆς χρηστότητος αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀνοχῆς καὶ τῆς μα κροθυμίας καταφρονεῖς, ἀγνοῶν ὅτι τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς μετά νοιάν σε ἄγει; κατὰ δὲ τὴν σκληρότητά σου καὶ ἀμετανόητον καρδίαν θησαυρίζεις σεαυτῷ ὀργὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως καὶ δι καιοκρισίας τοῦ θεοῦ, ὃς ἀποδώσει ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ· τοῖς μὲν καθ' ὑπομονὴν ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν καὶ ἀφθαρ σίαν ζητοῦσι, ζωὴν αἰώνιον, τοῖς δὲ ἐξ ἐριθείας καὶ ἀπειθοῦσι μὲν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, πειθομένοις δὲ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ, ὀργὴ καὶ θυμός, θλίψις καὶ στενοχωρία ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ψυχὴν ἀνθρώπου τοῦ κατεργαζομένου τὸ κα κόν, Ἰουδαίου τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνος· δόξα δὲ καὶ τιμὴ καὶ εἰρήνη παντὶ τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ τὸ ἀγαθόν, Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι». Μυρία μὲν οὖν ἐστιν ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς σφόδρα σαφῶς παριστῶντα τὸ αὐτεξούσιον. 3.1.7 ἐπεὶ δὲ εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον, τουτέστι τὸ μὴ ἐφ' ἡμῖν τυγχά νειν <τὸ> τηρεῖν τὰς ἐντολὰς καὶ σώζεσθαι καὶ τὸ παραβαίνειν αὐτὰς καὶ ἀπόλλυσθαι, περισπᾷ ῥητά τινα ἀπὸ τῆς παλαιᾶς καὶ τῆς καινῆς, φέρε ἀπὸ μέρους καὶ ἐκ τούτων παραθέμενοι θεασώμεθα αὐτῶν τὰς λύσεις, ἵνα ἀφ' ὧν παρατιθέμεθα κατὰ τὸ ὅμοιον ἐκλεξάμενός τις ἑαυτῷ πάντα τὰ δοκοῦντα ἀναιρεῖν τὸ αὐτεξούσιον, ἐπισκέψηται τὰ περὶ τῆς λύσεως αὐτῶν. καὶ δὴ πολλοὺς κεκίνηκε τὰ περὶ τοῦ Φαραώ, περὶ οὗ χρηματίζων ὁ θεός φησιν· «ἐγὼ δὲ σκληρυνῶ τὴν καρδίαν Φαραώ» πλεονάκις. εἰ γὰρ ὑπὸ θεοῦ σκληρύνεται καὶ διὰ τὸ σκληρύνεσθαι ἁμαρτάνει, οὐκ αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αἴτιος· εἰ δὲ τοῦτο, οὐδὲ αὐτεξούσιος ὁ Φαραώ. καὶ φήσει τις ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ ὁμοίου οἱ ἀπολλύμενοι οὐκ αὐτεξούσιοι οὐδὲ παρ' ἑαυτοὺς ἀπολοῦνται. καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιὴλ δὲ λεγόμενον τὸ «ἐξελῶ αὐτῶν τὰς λιθίνας καρ δίας καὶ ἐμβαλῶ σαρκίνας, ὅπως ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασί μου πορεύωνται καὶ τὰ δικαιώματά μου φυλάσσωσι» κινήσαι ἄν τινα ὡς τοῦ θεοῦ διδόντος τὸ «πορεύεσθαι ἐν ταῖς ἐντολαῖς καὶ φυλάσσειν τὰ δικαιώ ματα» ἐν τῷ τὸ ἐμποδίζον ὑπεξῃρηκέναι, τὴν «λιθίνην καρδίαν», καὶ τὸ κρεῖττον ἐντεθεικέναι, τὴν «σαρκίνην». Ἴδωμεν δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, τί ὁ σωτὴρ ἀποκρίνεται πρὸς τοὺς πυθομένους, «διὰ τί ἐν παραβολαῖς τοῖς πολλοῖς λαλεῖ»· «ἵνα» φησὶν «βλέποντες μὴ βλέπωσι, καὶ ἀκούοντες ἀκούωσι καὶ μὴ συνιῶσι· μήποτε ἐπιστρέψωσι, καὶ ἀφεθῇ αὐτοῖς». ἔτι δὲ καὶ παρὰ τῷ Παύλῳ τὸ «οὐ τοῦ θέλοντος οὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐλεοῦντος θεοῦ», καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις· «καὶ τὸ θέλειν δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐνεργεῖν ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν», καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις· «ἄρ' οὖν ὃν θέλει ἐλεεῖ, ὃν δὲ θέλει σκληρύνει. ἐρεῖς μοι οὖν· τί ἔτι μέμφεται; τῷ γὰρ βουλήματι αὐτοῦ τίς ἀνθέστηκεν;» [καὶ «ἡ πεισμονὴ ἐκ τοῦ καλοῦντος» καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἡμῶν,] «μενοῦνγε, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, σὺ τίς εἶ, ὁ ἀνταποκρινόμενος τῷ θεῷ; [καὶ πάλιν·] μὴ ἐρεῖ τὸ πλάσμα τῷ πλάσαντι· τί με ἐποίησας οὕτως; ἢ οὐκ ἔχει ἐξουσίαν ὁ κεραμεὺς τοῦ πηλοῦ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ φυράματος ποιῆσαι ὃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν σκεῦος, ὃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν;» ταῦτα γὰρ καθ' ἑαυτὰ ἱκανά ἐστι τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐκταράξαι, ὡς οὐκ ὄντος τοῦ ἀνθρώπου αὐτεξουσίου, ἀλλὰ τοῦ θεοῦ σώζοντος καὶ ἀπολλύντος οὓς ἐὰν αὐτὸς βούληται. 3.1.8 Ἀρξώμεθα τοίνυν ἀπὸ τῶν περὶ τοῦ Φαραὼ εἰρημένων ὡς σκληρυνομένου ὑπὸ θεοῦ, ἵνα μὴ ἐξαποστείλῃ τὸν λαόν· ᾧ συν εξετασθήσεται ἅμα καὶ τὸ ἀποστολικόν· «ἄρ' οὖν ὃν θέλει ἐλεεῖ, ὃν δὲ θέλει σκληρύνει». καὶ ἐπεὶ χρῶνται τούτοις τῶν ἑτεροδόξων τινές, σχεδὸν καὶ αὐτοὶ τὸ αὐτεξούσιον ἀναιροῦντες διὰ τὸ φύσεις εἰσάγειν ἀπολλυμένας, ἀνεπιδέκτους τοῦ σώζεσθαι, καὶ ἑτέρας σωζο μένας, ἀδυνάτως ἐχούσας πρὸς τὸ ἀπολέσθαι, τόν τε Φαραώ φασι φύσεως ὄντα ἀπολλυμένης διὰ τοῦτο σκληρύνεσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐλεοῦντος μὲν τοὺς πνευματικούς, σκληρύνοντος δὲ τοὺς χοϊκούς, φέρε ἴδωμεν ὅ τί ποτε καὶ λέγουσι. πευσόμεθα γὰρ αὐτῶν, εἰ χοϊκῆς φύσεως ὁ Φαραὼ ἦν. ἀποκρινομένοις δὲ ἐροῦμεν ὅτι ὁ τῆς χοϊκῆς φύσεως πάντως ἀπειθεῖ θεῷ· εἰ δὲ ἀπειθεῖ, τίς χρεία σκληρύνεσθαι αὐτοῦ τὴν καρδίαν, καὶ τοῦτο οὐχ ἅπαξ ἀλλὰ πλεονάκις; εἰ μὴ ἄρα