De capta thessalonica 3 a work by eustathios of thessalonica on its hopefully later capture, which had been weakened by a narrative of cachexia during

 Bearable and full of mourning and wanting springs of tears and some such things, but he who, as they say, was sown in a net and, like us, was caught u

 Most people raised their eyes as to mountains, to the acropolis, where they eagerly awaited help would be for them. but what especially accuses the gr

 Having practiced stretching out his hands like a woman to his pursuers, to slip into a fortress and to give trouble to those who ran after him, lest t

 David, who had lost his senses, whom i had previously blessed when he was in his right mind. and i thus also admired the emperor andronikos in other t

 Completely under age, not only unable to rule a very great empire by himself, but not even to be firmly disposed as boys are, of course, he had alread

 The protostrator alexios and john the eparch, and imprisonment held them and before that, things exceedingly dishonorable. but the boiling of anger on

 For should one measure things beyond measure?) a great disturbance of those of the palace, as much as was for god and the truth according to him, of

 But when the illusion proved false and the war was brought to an end in the late afternoon, having cast down many and filled the southern cemetery, th

 Thus men suffer for for the most part we multiply and magnify what we admire, as being unable to be precise because the soul is confounded by astound

 The present evils are fitting. and to recount the terrible things of that time, all that the latins saw, the fire which spread through their quarters,

 Kontostephanos, an energetic and sensible man, and countless others. but these things were unknown to the crowd and they did not know that he raged ag

 And he also sent them into exile into perpetual banishment. and after a short while, having divided those who had been imprisoned, he separated them i

 To be shamed but if not even so he should yield, being stubborn, to try even violence, and they say it is better for that one to suffer what he does

 Moreover and not enduring it if, having just found an opportunity, he would not take wing, like some demonic figure, he himself tries to surpass in ev

 Having said what seemed best, he was quiet. and for the rest, so that i may not chatter on about worldly unpleasantness, a rush of evils takes place t

 Manuel, and he curses, that he would not come to a worthy state of living in peace, that those alone would be grandeurs when his father died. and he b

 The marchese was left to remain in peace, just as neither was the kral of hungary and any other powerful neighbor. and generally, wherever there was m

 A certain boy, who appeared to be of a similar complexion and age to the emperor alexios. and that child was, they say, a peasant boy from somewhere i

 He annihilated the rest. and his knights were so boastful in their nature that each would stand against three hundred men in war, not at all unlike co

 About to happen, inferring it from many signs. we, at least, anticipating the enemy's attack, sent away those who were children of constantinople with

 For the man was truly master of his hands but he provoked the victorious one to exhaust his desire to laugh at the emperor, and drove the matter to a

 Laws of city-takers, in which, on account of their unwieldiness from size, no effect shone forth, but those around the eastern parts, and they were es

 Not to meddle further, unless they should choose to suffer evils. though he was obliged to supply sufficient grain for the city, he neglected it to su

 Having completely withdrawn his skill, lets the ship be dashed against a reef and sink to the bottom with its cargo and men. so too a guard of a fruit

 Of those seated around to release even one stone from a sling, then also to suggest to the sandal-stitchers on the walls to reproach the latins rounda

 The besiegers because the latins had entirely turned to resisting against choumnos, he, having with difficulty opened the gates and having allowed, fo

 To rebuke the general and to join in leading towards the good. and one might call these men, who had undertaken to remain in the city, no longer civil

 Stripping and running down the streets, known to those who saw them, thus giving proof that they were formerly conspirators. and there is no way that

 He wished, and as a result the enemy host was more emboldened, and even more so especially when, after choumnos had joined battle, though it was possi

 Very strongly fortified. we spoke thus, and the speech flowed away at random, itself as well. and the small stone-throwers were vexing the city, casti

 To the enemies. and with the soldiers shouting in a common cry, komnenos, halt and dismount, he, as if snorting back a final mount up and as you

 But i think this was stranger than that, that when rain poured down from what the enemies were scattering, plowing, indeed, but not sowing the beautif

 In blood, i was led about on horseback through heaps of others, the greater part of whom lay strewn before the wall, so densely packed, that my little

 Of the storm. and if it were made useless for the trees, and especially the fig trees, whose unripe fruit was unlawfully served to the savage beasts f

 But this would be judged as bordering on fighting against god. for the barbarians, rushing in even against each one of them, were committing all sorts

 They tore down when they arrived. and the ruler restrained the murders there, but there was no stopping the suffocation of those who fled into the chu

 By the command of the counts. and it was a sabbath, not having a flight, which one might evangelically pray to avert, but the destruction of so great

 Redness. it was therefore a task to recognize even one's dearest friend among them and each man would ask each other who on earth he might be, becaus

 Thus confounding good order and dissolving the sacred harmony. and i spoke reverently about this also to count alduin, if somehow order might be estab

 To crush the man, goading the horse to kick. thus did these men love us, frequently for every word and every deed putting forward as a justification f

 Of the longed for ones the executioners, or may they have pity. for something like this did indeed happen at times, as if a hungry and biting lion, th

 To relate moderate things out of countless ones but the events of the nights, not even they fail to rival these in contention. and for a time, with t

 They grieved those who kept treasure-houses by ransacking them for the sake of wealth, thus themselves implying that they understood hades as plouton.

 Through all of us and most provident. for it is reported to us that he ordered all-night vigils around the great churches, he jesting even then. for w

 They busied their swords upon them, and afterwards they left completely empty what it contained within, both things for healing and with which the suf

 They cast our people in, and declaring blessed not them but the disease, and now perhaps even death according to the people of gades, among whom hades

 Is fitting, but only by thanksgivings and glory to the most high, from whom and through whom are our affairs. what then prevents me from ceasing after

 Mercilessness towards those who offend in some small way, from which came the merciless thing that just now cast us down, a most just thing, since we,

having practiced stretching out his hands like a woman to his pursuers, to slip into a fortress and to give trouble to those who ran after him, lest they might rage even more. But he, damaged in his wits, fled 12 upwards as if to a guard-post, but was brought down straightaway from there, so that his ignobility might be out of place and he might not be thought by some to have been captured while fighting. You have gone up to the height of the acropolis, you there, and vanished; you have taken a captivity captive, which you also betrayed there to the enemies. These things are contrary to what David sings, whose name you bear and have made useless. And let no one be indignant with me here, a faint-hearted old man, for recounting such things of a man, whose liver I would gladly hold in the middle, having sunk my teeth into it, to quote the Homeric old woman, in return for which he both destroyed the heads of so great a city and unstrung the knees of many men. But may it not be that they are unstrung still, O God the king and O his servant, our city's guardian, lest the evil be extended to the greatest length. And I know that I myself recommended this man before the battle and praised his deeds in time of peace, when the citizens, who were traffickers for gain, chattering, attacked him with whatever they wanted, but we were harmonized otherwise, as was fitting. And he himself, returning the friendship, showed in our behalf both his glance and his nod and his gait in practical matters. But now what shall we do, having found that praiseworthy man changed and no longer providing occasions for praise? Or is it by all means to be considered that there is nothing new, just as he, who formerly loved us, then later did not love us when we reproached him, as he himself was not wise according to the writer of proverbs, so also we were then on his side for piety's sake, because he was not too bold to harm the common good like the self-willed, and then, foreseeing destruction from him, we hated him as its cause, and now, having been destroyed, we wish to utter some great evil against that man, a man who otherwise seemed good—for one must not drive away what is true—but by what was co-delineated with a crooked rule, that of the despot Andronikos, but here he fell into extreme worthlessness. For he neither loved that man, as we shall show as we proceed, nor again was he loved, nor was he coming to any notion of a privilege, but was also foreseeing a penalty, which will appear to us to have been ruinous. This therefore must be said thus, and that I would never, having put what is dear first, place the truth behind, but having set forth the events for a history, whose virtue is the love of truth, I would not obscure its light and make it useless. For according to him who rightly declared, the man is a friend, but the truth is a greater friend. Further, it must also be considered that for those composing encomia one must select what is good and perhaps even recolor what is bad in a more advocate-like manner, 14 but for those writing history not so, but one must handle the accounts as the truth concerning each thing demands; where it is not the occasion to select things for praise according to the law of encomium, but to hasten to take great care for the memory of future generations of each very thing which time in its course has cast aside. But if this David of ours, having arrived, was making good the lot of God, let this, behold, be heard, but let it also be heard along with it that he destroyed, having pleased in small things, but having embittered in the greatest, by which, having procured some small amount of money for these or those, he finally penalized all men in all their possessions, and countless men even in their life. And let no one suggest now that I have come to my senses and have perceived at a later time, as in a fable, what sort of man David turned out to be, when indeed he was judged fit to be sent to the Sicilian along with Maurozomes as the first spoils and the first fruits of our destruction. Whom the Harpies should have seized and disposed of in this way before he utterly destroyed us. For I have not just now come to my senses, but during the whole time of his generalship in the war the enemies afflicted us, and I was refuting him, reproaching him, pointing out his mistakes on each occasion, speaking, even if to no avail, things which he would have heard from others too, if they had spoken freely and the city's misfortune had not closed their mouths. It has been shown by me sufficiently, I think, that I am doing nothing new in speaking ill of him

μεμελετηκότα χεῖρας ἁπλῶσαι γυναικικῶς τοῖς διώκουσιν, εἰς ἔρυμα παρεισδύεσθαι καὶ κόπους διδόναι τοῖς ἐπιτρέχουσι, μὴ καὶ εἰς πλεῖον μαίνοιντο. Ὁ δ' ἀλλὰ τὰς φρένας βλαβεὶς ἔφευγε 12 μὲν ὡς ἐπὶ φυλακῇ ἄνω, κατεφέρετο δ' εὐθὺς ἐκεῖθεν, ὡς ἂν εἴη τὸ ἀγεννὲς αὐτοῦ ἄτοπον καὶ μὴ δοξασθείη πρός τινων ὡς ἄρα ἑάλω μαχόμενος. Ἀνέβης εἰς ὕψος φροῦδος, ὦ οὗτος, τὸ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως· ᾐχμαλώτευσας αἰχμαλωσίαν, ἣν καὶ ἐκεῖ τοῖς πολεμίοις προύδωκας. Ἀπεναντίας ταῦτα οἷς ψάλλει ∆αυΐδ, οὗ τὴν κλῆσιν φέρων ἠχρείωσας. Καὶ μή μοι νεμεσάτω μηδεὶς ἐνταῦθα, γέροντι μικροψύχῳ, τοιαῦτα καταλέγοντι ἀνδρός, οὗπερ ἡδέως ἂν μέσον ἧπαρ ἔχοιμι ὀδὰξ ἐμφύς, κατὰ τὴν ὁμηρικὴν εἰπεῖν γραῖαν, ἀνθ' ὧν καὶ τηλικαύτης πόλεως κατέλυσε κάρηνα καὶ πολλῶν ἀνδρῶν γούνατ' ἔλυσε. Γένοιτο δὲ μὴ καὶ εἰσέτι λυθῆναι, ὦ θεὲ βασιλεῦ καὶ ὦ θεράπον αὐτοῦ, πολιοῦχε ἡμῶν, μὴ καὶ ἐπεκταθείη εἰς μήκιστον τὸ κακόν. Καὶ οἶδα μὲν συνιστῶν ἐγὼ τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον τὰ πρὸ τῆς μάχης καὶ εὐλογῶν ἐν εἰρήνης καιρῷ τὰ ἐκείνου, ὅτε οἱ μὲν κέρδους πρηκτῆρες πολῖται λαλαγοῦντες ἐπέκειντο κατ' αὐτοῦ ἅπερ ἤθελον, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἄλλως, ὡς ἔπρεπεν, ἡρμοττόμεθα. Καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ἀντιστρέφων τὸ φίλιον ἔφαινεν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν καὶ βλέμμα καὶ νεῦμα καὶ τὸ ἐν πρακτέοις βάδισμα. Νῦν δ' ἀλλὰ τί καὶ δράσομεν, εὑρηκότες τὸν ἐπαινετέον ἐκεῖνον μεταβαλλόμενον καὶ μηκέτι τόπους εἰς εὐφημίαν ὑποβαλλόμενον; ἢ πάντως ἐνθυμητέον ὡς καινὸν οὐδέν, καθὰ στέργων ἐκεῖνος τὰ πρῴην ἡμᾶς, εἶτα ἐν ὑστέροις οὐκ ἠγάπα ἐλέγχοντας, οἶα μηδὲ σοφὸς αὐτὸς κατὰ τὸν παροιμιαστήν, οὕτω καὶ ἡμᾶς τότε μὲν πρὸς ἐκείνοις εἶναι διὰ τὸ ὅσιον, ὅτι μηδὲ λίαν θρασὺς ἦν κατὰ τοὺς αὐθεκάστους τὰ κοινὰ σίνεσθαι, εἶτα δὴ ὄλεθρον ἐξ ἐκείνου προορωμένους μισεῖν ὡς αἴτιον, ἄρτι δὲ καὶ ὠλοθρευμένους ἐθέλειν καί τι μέγα κακὸν ἐκείνῳ προσβάξασθαι, ἀνδρί, ἄλλως μὲν ἀγαθῷ δόξαντι, οὐ γὰρ σκορακιστέον τὰ πρὸς ἀλήθειαν, οἶς δὲ στρεβλῷ κανόνι συνδιεγράφη, τῷ τοῦ δεσπόζοντος Ἀνδρονίκου, ἀλλ' ἐνταῦθα διεκπεσόντι ἐς ἄκραν φαυλότητα. Οὔτε γὰρ ἀγαπῶν ἦν ἐκεῖνον, ὡς ὑποκαταβαίνοντες παραστησόμεθα, οὔτε αὖ ἀγαπώμενος καὶ οὔτε εἰς γέρως ἔννοιάν τινα καθήκων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ποινὴν προορώμενος, ἅπερ ἡμῖν φανεῖται λυμηνάμενα. Τοῦτό τε οὖν οὕτω ῥητέον καὶ ὅτι οὐκ ἄν ποτε προστήσας τὸ φιλητὸν ἐγὼ κατόπιν θείην τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ἀλλὰ τὰ συμπεσόντα προβαλόμενος εἰς συγγραφήν, ἧς ἀρετὴ τὸ φιλάληθες, οὐκ ἂν τὸ ταύτης ἐπισκιάσας φῶς ἀχρειώσαιμι. Κατὰ γὰρ τὸν ὀρθῶς ἀποφηνάμενον φίλος μὲν ὁ ἀνήρ, φίλτερον δὲ τὸ ἀληθές. Ἔτι δὲ συνθεωρητέον καὶ ὡς ἐγκωμιάζουσι μὲν ἐπιλεκτέον ὅσα χρηστὰ καί που καὶ τὰ φαῦλα μεταχρωστέον δικηγορικώτερον, 14 συγγραφομένοις δὲ μὴ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ διαχειριστέον τοὺς λόγους, ὡς τὸ ὑπὲρ ἑκάστων ἀληθὲς ἀπαιτεῖ· ἔνθα οὐ καιρὸς ἐπιλέγεσθαι τὰ πρὸς εὐλογίαν ἐγκωμίου νόμῳ, ἀλλὰ σπεύδειν πολυωρεῖν εἰς μνήμην τῶν ἐπιόντων αὐτὸ ἕκαστον, ὧνπερ ὁ χρόνος τρέχων παρέρριψεν. Εἰ δὲ φθάσας ὁ ἡμέτερος οὗτος ∆αυῒδ ἀγαθύνων ἦν τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λάχος, ἀκουέσθω μὲν ἰδοὺ καὶ τοῦτο, συνακουέσθω δὲ καὶ ὅτι ἐξώλεσε, μικρὰ μὲν ἡδύνας, πικράνας δὲ μέγιστα, οἷς, περιποιησάμενός τι χρηματιδίου τούτοις ἢ ἐκείνοις, τέλος ἐζημίωσε τοὺς ἅπαντας μὲν εἰς πάντα τὰ αὐτοῖς ὄντα, μυρίους δὲ καὶ εἰς ζωήν. Καὶ μή τις ὑποφερέτω νῦν ἀναφρονεῖν με καὶ ὑστέρῳ χρόνῳ ἐπιμυθικῶς αἰσθέσθαι οἷος ὁ ∆αυῒδ ἀπέβη, ἐπειδὰν δηλαδὴ ἐδικαιώθη πεμφθῆναι τῷ Σικελῷ σύν γε τῷ Μαυροζώμῃ πρωτόλειον καὶ τῆς ἡμῶν ἀπωλείας ἀκροθίνιον. Ὃν ὤφειλον Ἅρπυιαι φθάσασαι οὕτω πως διαθέσθαι πρὶν ἢ καὶ ἐξαπολέσαι ἡμᾶς. Οὐ γὰρ ἄρτι ἐς νοῦν ἐγὼ ἐστράφην, ἀλλὰ τὸν ὅλον τῆς ἐπὶ πολέμῳ στρατηγίας αὐτοῦ χρόνον ἡμᾶς μὲν ἔθλιβον οἱ ἐχθροί, ἐγὼ δὲ ἐκεῖνον ἐλέγχων, ἐξονειδίζων, ἐκφαίνων τὰ ὡς ἑκάστοτε σφάλματα, λαλῶν, εἰ καὶ εἰς ἀνήνυτον, ἅπερ ἤκουεν ἂν καὶ ἐξ ἄλλων, εἴπερ ἐπαρρησιάζοντο καὶ μὴ τὸ τῆς πόλεως κακοτυχὲς ἔκλειεν αὐτοῖς τὰ στόματα. ∆έδεικταί μοι ἀρκούντως, οἶμαι, ὡς οὐδέν τι καινοπραγῶ κακολογῶν