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he spoke of her who bore the yoke of the Lord. An impure thought or a false knowledge is a stumbling block for a rational nature.

From this we know that almsgiving removes the fearful phantoms that happen to us at night; and gentleness and freedom from anger and long-suffering do the same, and whatever is by nature suited to quell a troubled temper; since it is from the disturbance of the temper that fearful phantoms are accustomed to arise. This enmity towards a neighbor works some evil. Ignorance of the Lord is in the souls of the impious, but knowledge of God is in the soul of the righteous. Just as the Lord opposes the unjust as righteousness, and liars as truth, so also he opposes the proud as humility. The wise will inherit knowledge; but the impious have honored ignorance. It should be noted here that he calls the law a good gift because of the one who receives gifts in his bosom unrighteously82 and is not prospered; for there he calls the commands of the evil one unjust gifts, which the mind, receiving, is not prospered in its ways. This one forsakes the law, who transgresses it. If it is in our power to fortify wisdom, and the virtues are in our power; then the fortifications here signify the virtues, which exalt the knowledge of God. The knowledge of God is a crown of graces and a crown of delight, which also defends us, repelling every passionate thought and every false knowledge. These many ways lead to one way, the one that said, 'I am the way.' And he has spoken of the virtues as many ways leading to the knowledge of Christ. The place of this army is wickedness and falsely named knowledge. If the Lord gives sleep to his beloved, and the impious are not his beloved, then the Lord does not give sleep to the impious. and from this it is also possible to show plausibly that demons are not by nature able to sleep. From this we know by what the army of the opposing power is fed; for he says its food is impiety, and its wine is lawlessness. The virtues go before us and illuminate us, until the sun of righteousness shines its own day upon us. They do not understand the manner in which the impious sin, nor do they know the cause from which they stumble; but they do not even know this very thing, that they transgress the law, which is a sign of the utmost folly. He calls the virtues springs, from which they generate the living water, which is the knowledge of Christ. and David says, The springs of the waters appeared, and the foundations of the world were laid bare, clearly at the coming of our savior Christ. As many as have dispassionate thoughts and true doctrines, these see rightly. 83 For virtue is a mean; for which reason they also say that courage is between rashness and cowardice; but now he calls right not what is by nature right, but what appears to some to be right because of pleasures. for he says the north wind is a harsh wind, but by name it is called propitious; speaking of the north wind symbolically as the evil one, from whom all evils were kindled upon the earth. With these agrees the saying, Unless the Lord builds a house and guards a city, and so on. The fat signifies pleasure, from which impurity is born; whose offspring are wickedness and ignorance, than which nothing more bitter is to be found among created things. She whom he called a prostitute above, he has now named folly. David prays on behalf of those who after death descend into Hades, saying: Let them go down to Hades alive. If the tracks are not easily known, it is well said, They do not know how they stumble.

He called a way here the mind that journeys toward virtue; or perhaps it commands us to separate virtue from wickedness. Here we know that the spirited part prevails in demons; for temper is pitiless, he says, and anger is sharp. Through wickednesses the evil ones wear down the flesh of Christ, and consume his blood, considering it a common thing; for he who eats my, he says, flesh and

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εἶπεν τὴν βαστάσασαν τὸν ζυγὸν τοῦ κυρίου. Πρόσκομμά ἐστι φύσεως λογικῆς λογισμὸς ἀκάθαρτος ἢ γνῶσις ψευδής.

Ἐντεῦθεν γινώσκομεν ὅτι ἡ ἐλεημοσύνη περιαιρεῖ φοβερὰς φαντασίας νύκτωρ ἡμῖν συμβαινούσας· τὸ αὐτὸ δὲ ποιεῖ καὶ πραΰτης καὶ ἀοργησία καὶ μακροθυμία, καὶ ὅσα πέφυκε ταρασσόμενον καταστέλλειν θυμόν· εἴπερ ἐκ τῆς ταραχῆς τοῦ θυμοῦ τὰ φοβερὰ φαντάσματα εἴωθε γίνεσθαι. Αὕτη ἡ πρὸς τὸν πλησίον ἔχθρα ἀπεργάζεταί τινα κακόν. Ἄγνοια κυρίου ἐν ψυχαῖς ἀσεβῶν, γνῶσις δὲ θεοῦ ἐν ψυχῇ δικαίων. Ὥσπερ τοῖς ἀδίκοις ὁ κύριος ὡς δικαιοσύνη ἀντιτάσσεται, καὶ τοῖς ψεύσταις ὡς ἀλήθεια, οὕτως καὶ τοῖς ὑπερηφάνοις ὡς ταπεινοφροσύνη ἀντιτάσσεται. Γνῶσιν σοφοὶ κληρονομήσουσιν· οἱ δὲ ἀσεβεῖς ἐτίμησαν ἀγνωσίαν. Σημειωτέον ἐνταῦθα ὅτι δῶρον ἀγαθὸν ὀνομάζει τὸν νόμον διὰ τὸν λαμβάνοντα δῶρα ἐν κόλπῳ ἀδί82 κως καὶ μὴ κατευοδούμενον· ἐκεῖ γὰρ δῶρα ἄδικα τὰ προστάγματα λέγει τοῦ πονηροῦ, ἅπερ ὁ νοῦς δεχόμενος οὐ κατευοδοῦται ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ. Οὗτος ἐγκαταλιμπάνει τὸν νόμον, ὁ παραβαίνων αὐτόν. Εἰ ἐφ' ἡμῖν ἐστὶν τὸ χαρακῶσαι τὴν σοφίαν, αἱ δὲ ἀρεταί εἰσιν ἐφ' ἡμῖν· οἱ χάρακες ἄρα δηλοῦσιν ἐνταῦθα τὰς ἀρετάς, αἵτινες ὑψοῦσιν τὴν γνῶσιν τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ. Στέφανος χαρίτων καὶ στέφανος τρυφῆς ἡ γνῶσίς ἐστιν ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἥτις καὶ ὑπερασπίζει ἡμῶν, πάντα λογισμὸν ἐμπαθῆ καὶ πᾶσαν ἀπωθουμένη γνῶσιν ψευδῆ. Αὗται αἱ πολλαὶ ὁδοὶ εἰς μίαν ἄγουσιν ὁδόν, τὴν εἰποῦσαν· Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ὁδός. πολλὰς δὲ εἴρηκεν ὁδοὺς τὰς ἀρετὰς τὰς φερούσας ἐπὶ τὴν γνῶσιν τὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Τούτου τοῦ στρατοῦ ὁ τόπος ἐστὶν ἡ κακία καὶ ἡ ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις. Εἰ τοῖς ἀγαπητοῖς αὐτοῦ δίδωσιν ὁ κύριος ὕπνον, οἱ δὲ ἀσεβεῖς οὐκ εἰσὶν αὐτοῦ ἀγαπητοί, τοῖς ἀσεβέσιν ἄρα οὐ δίδωσιν ὕπνον ὁ κύριος. ἐντεῦθεν δέ ἐστιν καὶ πιθανῶς δεῖξαι ὅτι οὐδὲ καθεύδειν πεφύκασιν οἱ δαίμονες. Ἐντεῦθεν γινώσκομεν τίσι τρέφεται ὁ στρατὸς τῆς ἀντικειμένης δυνάμεως· σῖτα γάρ φησιν αὐτοῦ ἐστὶν ἡ ἀσέβεια, καὶ οἶνος παρανομία. Προπορεύονται ἡμῶν αἱ ἀρεταὶ καὶ φωτίζουσιν ἡμᾶς, ἕως ἂν ὁ ἥλιος τῆς δικαιοσύνης τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἡμέραν ἡμῖν ἐπιλάμψῃ. Οὐδὲ τὸν τρόπον πῶς ἁμαρτάνουσιν οἱ ἀσεβεῖς ἐπίστανται, οὐδὲ τὴν αἰτίαν γινώσκουσιν πόθεν προσκόπτουσιν· ἀλλ' οὐδ' αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἴσασιν, ὅτι παρανομοῦσιν, ὅπερ ἐστὶν γνώρισμα τῆς ἐσχάτης ἀνοίας. Πηγὰς λέγει τὰς ἀρετάς, ἀφ' ὧν γεννῶσι τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ζῶν, ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἡ γνῶσις τοῦ Χριστοῦ. καὶ ὁ ∆αυὶδ Ὤφθησάν φησιν αἱ πηγαὶ τῶν ὑδάτων καὶ ἀνεκαλύφθησαν τὰ θεμέλια τῆς οἰκουμένης, παρὰ τὴν ἐπιδημίαν δηλονότι τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Χριστοῦ. Ὅσοι λογισμοὺς ἔχουσιν ἀπαθεῖς καὶ δόγματα ἀληθῆ, οὗτοι ὁρῶσιν ὀρθά. 83 Ἡ ἀρετὴ γὰρ μεσότης· διὸ καὶ τὴν ἀνδρείαν μεταξὺ τῆς θρασύτητος καὶ τῆς δειλίας εἶναί φασιν· νῦν δὲ ὀνομάζει δεξιὰ οὐ τὰ φύσει δεξιά, ἀλλὰ τὰ φαινόμενά τισι διὰ τὰς ἡδονὰς δεξιά. βορέας γάρ φησιν σκληρὸς ἄνεμος, ὀνόματι δὲ ἐπιδέξιος καλεῖται· βορέαν λέγων συμβολικῶς τὸν πονηρόν, ἀφ' οὗ ἐξεκαύθη πάντα τὰ κακὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. Συμφωνεῖ τούτοις τὸ Ἐὰν μὴ κύριος οἰκοδομήσῃ οἶκον καὶ φυλάξει πόλιν, καὶ ἑξῆς. Τὸ λῖπος τὴν ἡδονὴν σημαίνει, ἀφ' ἧς τίκτεται ἡ ἀκαθαρσία· ἧς ἔκγονον κακία καὶ ἄγνοια, ὧν οὐδέν ἐστιν πικρότερον ἐν τοῖς γεγονόσιν εὑρεῖν. Ἣν ἀνωτέρω πόρνην εἶπεν, νῦν ἀφροσύνην ὠνόμασεν. Ὑπὲρ τῶν μετὰ θανάτου καταβαινόντων εἰς τὸν ᾅδην προσεύχεται ὁ ∆αυὶδ λέγων· Καταβήτωσαν εἰς ᾅδου ζῶντες. Εἰ οὐκ εὔγνωστοί εἰσιν αἱ τροχιαί, καλῶς εἴρηται τὸ Οὐκ οἴδασι πῶς προσκόπτουσιν.

Ὁδὸν εἶπεν ἐνταῦθα τὸν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν ὁδεύοντα νοῦν· ἢ τάχα τὴν ἀρετὴν προστάσσει χωρίζειν ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ κακίας. Ἐνταῦθα γινώσκομεν ὅτι τὸ θυμικὸν μέρος ἐπικρατεῖ ἐν τοῖς δαίμοσιν· ἀνελεήμων γὰρ θυμός, φησίν, καὶ ὀξεῖα ὀργή. ∆ιὰ τῶν κακιῶν οἱ πονηροὶ κατατρίβουσι τὰς σάρκας τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ τὸ αἷμα καταναλίσκουσιν, κοινὸν αὐτὸ ἡγησάμενοι· ὁ τρώγων γάρ μου, φησί, τὴν σάρκα καὶ