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relying on demonstrations, they will be overturned in every way, even if not now by you; for “every argument wrestles with an argument,” that is, it is also wrestled against, and it is impossible to find the winning argument in the end, so as to be without hope of one's own defeat; and this the children of the Greeks and the wise men of their time have shown, by a seemingly stronger demonstration of reason continually overthrowing one another and being overthrown by one another.

Therefore, having said these things to those who devote their lives to them and hunt for knowledge from external education and who praise it so much, you will speak, it seems to me, both sufficiently and fittingly, that “you are not so much acquiring knowledge (p. 62) as ignorance for yourselves from these things, O best of men.” For just as those who long for glory from men and do all things for its sake attain dishonor rather than glory, since different things please different people, in the same way, those who hunt for knowledge from the external wise men reap ignorance rather than knowledge, according to those men themselves; for their opinions differ from one another and are at variance with one another, and the objectors to each are more numerous than its adherents. But to believe that any of these was able to state the principles in the creative mind, may this not be altogether amiss? “For who has known the mind of the Lord?” says the apostle; and if not these, it is not possible to comprehend from external wisdom the images of these in the soul. Therefore, knowledge that hunts for the divine image by means of this wisdom is false knowledge. Therefore, the soul that possesses it will not through it be like the Truth itself, nor could it be led to the truth by it; and so the boasting of those who pride themselves on it for this reason is in vain. Let them hear Paul calling external wisdom "fleshly wisdom," who also calls the "knowledge that puffs up" the "mind of the flesh." How then will the wisdom of the flesh provide the soul with that which is according to the image? “See,” he says, “our calling: not many wise according to the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble.” As, therefore, the nobility and power of the flesh could neither strengthen nor ennoble the soul, so neither will the wisdom (p. 64) of the flesh make the mind wise. And truly the beginning of wisdom is to know wisdom, so as to distinguish and choose, over the low-crawling, earthly, and unprofitable, the greatly beneficial, heavenly, and spiritual wisdom, which comes from God and to God and shows those who have acquired it to be conformed to God.

But since, just as they also say, the images of the principles in the creative mind are in us, what is it that from the beginning rendered these images useless? Is it not sin and either ignorance or contempt of what should be done? Why do we not see them without being taught, since they are imprinted within us? Is it not because the passionate part of the soul, rising up wickedly, both distorted them and confounded its perceptive faculty and made it far from the archetypal beauty? Therefore, one must take care of this above all, and abstain from sin, and read the law of the commandments through action, and cling to every virtue, and return to God through prayer and true contemplation, he who desires both to keep safe that which is according to the image and to possess true knowledge. For without purity, even if you learn the natural philosophy from Adam to the consummation, you will be no less a fool, if not more so, than wise; but without that philosophy, having been purified and having freed the soul from wicked habits and doctrines, you will acquire the wisdom of God which overcomes the world, and “with the only wise God” you will live eternally, rejoicing. And when I say doctrines, I do not mean those concerning the magnitude of the movement of heaven and the heavenly bodies and whatever happens because of them, nor of the earth and the things around the earth and the metals and transparent stones treasured in it, (p. 66) nor of the things that happen in the air from the double exhalation. For to direct all zeal and inquiry toward the knowledge of such things is a Greek heresy; for all the Stoics define the end of contemplation as knowledge.σ

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ἀποδείξεσιν ἐπερειδόμενοι περιτραπήσονται πάντως κἄν μή νῦν ὑπό σοῦ˙ καί γάρ «λόγῳ παλαίει πᾶς λόγος», δηλαδή καί ἀντιπαλαίεται, καί τόν νικῶντα λόγον διά τέλους εὑρεῖν ἀμήχανον, ὡς εἶναι τῆς οἰκείας ἥττης ἀνέλπιδα˙ καί τοῦτ᾿ ἔδειξαν Ἑλλήνων παῖδες καί οἱ κατ᾿ ἐκείνους σοφοί, κρείττονι τῷ δοκεῖν δείξει λόγου διηνεκῶς ἀλλήλους ἀνατρέποντες καί ὑπ᾿ ἀλλήλων ἀνατρεπόμενοι.

Πρός οὖν τούς ἐκείνοις προσέχοντας διά βίου καί θηρωμένους γνῶσιν ἐκ τῆς ἔξω παιδείας καί ταύτην ἐπί τοσοῦτον ἐγκωμιάζοντας ταῦτ᾿ εἰπών, ἀποχρώντως τε καί πρεπόντως, ἐμοί γε δοκεῖν, ἐρεῖς, ὡς «οὐ μᾶλλον γνῶσιν (σελ. 62) ἤ ἀγνωσίαν ἐκ τούτων ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς περιποιεῖσθε, ὦ βέλτιστοι». Καθάπερ γάρ οἱ τῆς παρ᾿ άνθρώπων ἐφιέμενοι δόξης καί πάνθ᾿ ὑπέρ αὐτῆς πράττοντες ἀδοξίας μᾶλλον ἤ δόξης ἐπιτυγχάνουσιν, ἐπείπερ ἄλλοις ἄλλα ἀρέσκει, τόν αὐτόν τρόπον καί οἱ παρά τῶν ἔξω σοφῶν τήν γνῶσιν θηρώμενοι μᾶλλον ἀγνωσίαν κατ᾿ αὐτούς ἐκείνους ἤ γνῶσιν καρποῦνται˙ διαφέρουσι γάρ ἀλλήλων αἱ δόξαι καί διαφέρονται πρός ἀλλήλας καί οἱ ἀντικείμενοι πλείους τῶν ὁμολογούντων ἑκάστῃ. Τό δέ πιστεύειν εἰρηκέναι τινά τούτων δυνηθῆναι τούς ἐν τῷ δημιουργικῷ νῷ λόγους, μή καί λίαν πλημμελές ᾖ˙ «τίς γάρ ἔγνω νοῦν Κυρίου;» φησίν ὁ ἀπόστολος˙ εἰ δέ μή τούτους, οὐδέ τάς ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ τούτων εἰκόνας ἐκ τῆς ἔξω σοφίας συνιδεῖν ἐστι. Ψευδογνωσία τοίνυν ἐστίν ἡ ἐκ ταύτης τῆς σοφίας τό κατ᾿ εἰκόνα θείαν θηρωμένη γνῶσις. Οὔκουν, οὐκ ἔσται δι᾿ αὐτήν τῇ αὐτοαληθείᾳ ἐμφερής ἡ ταύτην ἔχουσα ψυχή, ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ ποδηγοῖτο ἄν πρός τήν ἀλήθειαν ἐκ ταύτης˙ καί ἡ καύχησις λοιπόν ματαία τῶν ἐπ᾿ αὐτῇ τούτου γε ἕνεκα σεμνυνομένων. Ἀκουέτωσαν Παύλου σαρκικήν σοφίαν καλοῦντος τήν θύραθεν, ὅς καί «νοῦν σαρκός» λέγει τήν «φυσιοῦσαν γνῶσιν». Ἡ τοίνυν τῆς σαρκός σοφία πῶς τῇ ψυχῇ τό κατ᾿ εἰκόνα παρέξεται; «Βλέπετε», φησί, «τήν κλῆσιν ἡμῶν˙ οὐ πολλοί σοφοί κατά σάρκα, οὐ πολλοί δυνατοί, οὐ πολλοί εὐγενεῖς». Ὡς οὖν ἡ τῆς σαρκός εὐγένειά τε καί δύναμις τήν ψυχήν οὐκ ἐνδυναμώσειεν ἄν οὐδ᾿ ἐξευγενίσειεν, οὕτως οὐδ᾿ ἡ τῆς σαρκός (σελ. 64) σοφία σοφήν ἀπεργάσεται τήν διάνοιαν. Καί ὄντως ἀρχή σοφίας γνῶναι σοφίαν, ὥστε διελέσθαι καί προελέσθαι τῆς χαμερποῦς καί γηΐνης καί ἀνονήτου τήν μεγαλωφελῆ καί οὐρανίαν καί πνευματικήν καί παρά Θεοῦ καί πρός Θεόν ἐρχομένην καί Θεῷ τούς κτησαμένους συμμόρφους ἀποδεικνῦσαν.

Οὐ μήν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεί, καθάπερ κἀκεῖνοι λέγουσι, τῶν ἐν τῇ δημιουργικῷ νῷ λόγων αἱ εἰκόνες ἐν ἡμῖν εἰσι, τί τό ταύτας τήν ἀρχήν ἀχρειῶσαν τάς εἰκόνας; Οὐχ ἡ ἁμαρτία καί ἡ τοῦ πρακτέου εἴτε ἄγνοια εἴτε περιφρόνησις; ∆ιατί μή ἀδιδάκτως ἐνορῶμεν ταύτας, ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς οὔσας ἐντετυπωμένας; Οὐχ ὅτι τό παθητικόν μέρος τῆς ψυχῆς κακῶς ἐπαναστάν αὐτάς τε διέστρεψε καί τό διορατικόν αὐτῆς συνέχεε καί μακράν ἐποίησε τῆς ἀρχετύπου καλλονῆς; Οὐκοῦν τούτου παντός μᾶλλον ἐπιμελητέον καί τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἀφεκτέον καί τόν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν διά πράξεως ἀναγνωστέον καί ἀρετῆς πάσης ἀνθεκτέον καί δι᾿ εὐχῆς καί θεωρίας ἀληθοῦς ἐπανιτέον πρός Θεόν, τόν βουλόμενον τό τε κατ᾿ εἰκόνα σῶν καί τήν ἀληθογνωσίαν σχεῖν. Καθαρότητος γάρ ἄνευ, κἄν μάθῃς τήν ἀπό Ἀδάμ μέχρι συντελείας φυσικήν φιλοσοφίαν, μωρός οὐδέν ἧττον, ὅτι μή καί μᾶλλον, ἔσῃ ἤ σοφός˙ ἐκείνης δέ ἄνευ, καθαρθείς καί τῶν πονηρῶν ἠθῶν καί δογμάτων ἀπαλλάξας τήν ψυχήν, τήν νικῶσαν τόν κόσμον τοῦ Θεοῦ σοφίαν κτήσῃ καί «τῷ μόνῳ σοφῷ Θεῷ» συνδιαιωνίσεις ἀγαλλόμενος. ∆ογμάτων δέ λέγω, οὐ τῶν περί μεγέθους κινήσεως οὐρανοῦ καί τῶν κατ᾿ οὐρανόν σωμάτων καί ὅσα διά ταῦτα γίνεται, οὐδέ γῆς καί τῶν περί γῆν καί τῶν ἐντεθησαυρισμένων ταύτῃ μετάλλων καί λίθων διαυγῶν, (σελ. 66) οὐδέ τῶν ἐκ τῆς διπλῆς ἀναθυμίασεως κατά τόν ἀέρα συμβαινόντων. Πρός γάρ ἐπιστήμην τῶν τοιούτων βλέποντες πᾶσαν ἀπαυθύνειν σπουδήν τε καί ζήτησιν αἵρεσίς ἐστιν ἑλληνική˙ οἱ γάρ Στωϊκοί πάντες τέλος τῆς θεωρίας τήν ἐπιστήμην ὁρίζονται.σ