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spirit might be supposed; but as a substantial power, contemplated in itself in its own proper hypostasis, able neither to be separated from God, in whom it is, or from the Word of God, whom it accompanies, nor dissolving into non-existence, but existing in hypostasis in the likeness of the Word of God, with will, self-moving, active, always choosing the good and having the power to accompany the will in every purpose.

3 So that he who accurately examines the depths of the mystery receives in his soul, in an ineffable way, a certain moderate understanding of the teaching concerning the knowledge of God, yet is not able to clarify in speech this inexpressible depth of the mystery: how the same thing is both numerable and escapes enumeration, and is seen dividedly and is comprehended in a monad, and is distinguished in hypostasis and is not separated in subject. For the Spirit is one thing in hypostasis, and the Word another, and again that is another, of which are both the Word and the Spirit; but when you have understood what is distinct in these, again the unity of the nature does not admit of division, so that neither is the power of the monarchy rent, being cut up into different godheads, nor does the doctrine agree with the Jewish dogma, but the truth proceeds through the middle of the two suppositions, refuting each of the heresies and from each accepting what is useful. For the dogma of the Jew is refuted by the acceptance of the Word and by the faith of the Spirit; and the polytheistic error of the Hellenizers disappears, the unity of nature doing away with the pluralistic fantasy. Again, then, from the Jewish supposition let the unity of nature remain; and from Hellenism only the distinction in hypostases, the impious supposition from each side being appropriately cured; for the number of the Trinity is, as it were, a cure for those who err concerning the One, and the doctrine of the unity for those who are scattered into a multitude.

4 But if the Jew should contradict these things, our argument against him will no longer be equally difficult. For the manifestation of the truth will come from the teachings familiar to him. For that there is a Word of God and a Spirit of God, powers subsisting substantially, both creative of things that have come to be and containing of things that are, is shown most clearly from the divinely inspired scriptures. It is sufficient to mention one testimony and to leave the discovery of more to the more ambitious. By the word of the Lord, it says, the heavens were made firm, and by the spirit of his mouth all their power. By what word and by what spirit? For the Word is not a spoken word, nor the Spirit a breath. For otherwise the divine would be anthropomorphized, in the likeness of our nature, if they should maintain that the creator of the universe used such a word and such a spirit. And what power from spoken words and breath is so great, as to be sufficient for the constitution of the heavens and of the powers in them? For if the Word of God is like our spoken word, and the Spirit like our spirit, the power from like things is altogether like; and the Word of God has as much strength as ours. But indeed our spoken words and the spirit that passes out with the words are inoperative and insubstantial. Those who reduce the divine to the likeness of our word will surely render those things too ineffectual and insubstantial. But if, as David says, the heavens were made firm by the word of the Lord, and their powers had their constitution in the Spirit of God, then has the mystery of truth been established, teaching us to speak of a Word in substance and a Spirit in hypostasis.

5 But that there is a Word of God and a Spirit, perhaps the Greek, through common notions, and the Jew, through the scriptures, will not deny; but the economy of the Word of God according to man, each of them will equally reject as being incredible and unseemly to be said of God. Therefore, from another starting-point and to the subject of

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πνεῦμα ὑπονοοῖτο· ἀλλὰ δύναμιν οὐσιώδη αὐτὴν ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς ἐν ἰδιαζούσῃ ὑποστάσει θεωρουμένην, οὔτε χωρισθῆναι τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐν ᾧ ἔστιν, ἢ τοῦ λόγου τοῦ θεοῦ, ᾧ παρομαρτεῖ, δυναμένην· οὔτε πρὸς τὸ ἀνύπαρκτον ἀναχεομένην, ἀλλὰ καθ' ὁμοιότητα τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου καθ' ὑπόστασιν οὖσαν, προαιρετικήν, αὐτοκίνητον, ἐνεργόν, πάντοτε τὸ ἀγαθὸν αἱρουμένην καὶ πρὸς πᾶσαν πρόθεσιν σύνδρομον ἔχουσαν τῇ βουλήσει τὴν δύναμιν.

3 Ὥστε τὸν ἀκριβῶς τὰ βάθη τοῦ μυστηρίου διασκο πούμενον ἐν μὲν τῇ ψυχῇ κατὰ τὸ ἀπόρρητον μετρίαν τινὰ κατανόησιν τῆς κατὰ τὴν θεογνωσίαν διδασκαλίας λαμβάνειν, μὴ μέντοι δύνασθαι λόγῳ διασαφεῖν τὴν ἀνέκφραστον ταύτην τοῦ μυστηρίου βαθύτητα· πῶς τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ἀριθμητόν ἐστι καὶ διαφεύγει τὴν ἐξαρίθμησιν, καὶ διῃρημένως ὁρᾶται καὶ ἐν μονάδι καταλαμβάνεται, καὶ διακέκριται τῇ ὑποστάσει καὶ οὐ διώρισται τῷ ὑποκειμένῳ. ἄλλο γάρ τι τῇ ὑποστάσει τὸ πνεῦμα, καὶ ἕτερον ὁ λόγος, καὶ ἄλλο πάλιν ἐκεῖνο, οὗ καὶ ὁ λόγος ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα· ἀλλ' ἐπειδὰν τὸ διακεκριμένον ἐν τούτοις κατανοήσῃς, πάλιν ἡ τῆς φύσεως ἑνότης τὸν διαμερισμὸν οὐ προσίεται, ὡς μήτε τὸ τῆς μοναρχίας σχίζεσθαι κράτος εἰς θεότητας διαφόρους κατατεμνόμενον, μήτε τῷ Ἰουδαικῷ δόγματι συμβαίνειν τὸν λόγον, ἀλλὰ διὰ μέσου τῶν δύο ὑπολήψεων χωρεῖν τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ἑκατέραν τε τῶν αἱρέσεων καθαιροῦσαν καὶ ἀφ' ἑκατέρας παραδεχομένην τὸ χρήσιμον. τοῦ μὲν γὰρ Ἰουδαίου καθαιρεῖται τὸ δόγμα τῇ τε τοῦ λόγου παραδοχῇ καὶ τῇ πίστει τοῦ πνεύματος· τῶν δὲ ἑλληνιζόντων ἡ πολύθεος ἐξαφανίζεται πλάνη, τῆς κατὰ φύσιν ἑνότητος παραγραφομένης τὴν πληθυντικὴν φαντασίαν. πάλιν δὲ αὖ ἐκ μὲν τῆς Ἰουδαικῆς ὑπολήψεως ἡ τῆς φύσεως ἑνότης παραμενέτω· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ Ἑλληνισμοῦ ἡ κατὰ τὰς ὑπο στάσεις διάκρισις μόνη, θεραπευθείσης ἑκατέρωθεν καταλ λήλως τῆς ἀσεβοῦς ὑπονοίας· ἔστι γὰρ ὥσπερ θεραπεία τῶν μὲν περὶ τὸ ἓν πλανωμένων ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῆς τριάδος, τῶν δὲ εἰς πλῆθος ἐσκεδασμένων ὁ τῆς ἑνότητος λόγος.

4 Εἰ δὲ ἀντιλέγοι τούτοις ὁ Ἰουδαῖος, οὐκέτ' ἂν ἡμῖν ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου δύσκολος ὁ πρὸς ἐκεῖνον γενήσεται λόγος. ἐκ γὰρ τῶν συντρόφων αὐτῷ διδαγμάτων ἡ τῆς ἀληθείας ἔσται φανέρωσις. τὸ γὰρ εἶναι λόγον θεοῦ καὶ πνεῦμα θεοῦ, οὐσιωδῶς ὑφεστώσας δυνάμεις, ποιητικάς τε τῶν γεγενημένων καὶ περιεκτικὰς τῶν ὄντων, ἐκ τῶν θεο πνεύστων γραφῶν ἐναργέστερον δείκνυται. ἀρκεῖ δὲ μιᾶς μαρτυρίας ἐπιμνησθέντας τοῖς φιλοτιμοτέροις καταλιπεῖν τῶν πλειόνων τὴν εὕρεσιν. Τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ κυρίου, φησίν, οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσα ἡ δύναμις αὐτῶν. ποίῳ λόγῳ καὶ ποίῳ πνεύματι; οὔτε γὰρ ῥῆμα ὁ λόγος, οὔτε ἆσθμα τὸ πνεῦμα. ἦ γὰρ ἂν καθ' ὁμοιότητα τῆς ἡμετέρας φύσεως καὶ τὸ θεῖον ἐξανθρωπίζοιτο, εἰ τοιούτῳ κεχρῆσθαι λόγῳ καὶ τοιούτῳ πνεύματι τὸν τοῦ παντὸς ποιητὴν δογματίζοιεν. τίς δὲ καὶ δύναμις ἀπὸ ῥημάτων καὶ ἄσθματος τηλικαύτη, ὡς ἐξαρκεῖν πρὸς οὐρανῶν σύστασιν καὶ τῶν ἐν τούτοις δυνάμεων; εἰ γὰρ ὅμοιος τῷ ἡμετέρῳ ῥήματι καὶ ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τῷ πνεύματι, ὁμοία πάντως ἐκ τῶν ὁμοίων ἡ δύναμις· καὶ ὅσην ὁ ἡμέτερος, τοσαύτην καὶ ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος τὴν ἰσχὺν ἔχει. ἀλλὰ μὴν ἀνενέργητά τε καὶ ἀνυπόστατα τὰ παρ' ἡμῖν ῥήματα καὶ τὸ τοῖς ῥήμασι συνδιεξερχόμενον πνεῦμα. ἄπρακτα πάντως καὶ ἀνυπόστατα κἀκεῖνα κατασκευάσουσιν οἱ πρὸς τὴν ὁμοι ότητα τοῦ παρ' ἡμῖν λόγου τὸ θεῖον κατάγοντες. εἰ δέ, καθὼς λέγει ∆αβίδ, ἐστερεώθησαν τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν σύστασιν ἔσχον, ἆρα συνέστηκε τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας μυστήριον, λόγον ἐν οὐσίᾳ καὶ πνεῦμα ἐν ὑποστάσει λέγειν ὑφηγούμενον.

5 Ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν εἶναι λόγον θεοῦ καὶ πνεῦμα διά τε τῶν κοινῶν ἐννοιῶν ὁ Ἕλλην καὶ διὰ τῶν γραφικῶν ὁ Ἰουδαῖος ἴσως οὐκ ἀντιλέξει· τὴν δὲ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον οἰκονομίαν τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου κατὰ τὸ ἴσον ἑκάτερος αὐτῶν ἀποδοκιμάσει ὡς ἀπίθανόν τε καὶ ἀπρεπῆ περὶ θεοῦ λέγεσθαι. οὐκοῦν ἐξ ἑτέρας ἀρχῆς καὶ εἰς τὴν περὶ