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Let us look at these things accurately. For it is not the same thing for one who happens to be in such high honor, and is served by all, and has no one to rebuke him, to be humbled and to bend and to consume himself, and for one who is deprived of all these things to do this very same thing. For the king has many things that lead him to dissipation, and prevent him from concentrating his soul. For he is dissolved and becomes slack by daily luxury, and is puffed up by his power and lifted to arrogance; the love of glory also inflames him, and that of bodies no less, being born of power, but nourished by luxury. In addition to these, the snowflakes of cares, striking him from all sides, disturb his soul no less than those passions; whence compunction will not be able to find even a small entrance, being blocked by so many walls; for it is a desirable thing even for one freed from all these things to be able to plant this good thing in herself. But the private citizen stands outside all this turmoil, unless he be exceedingly perverse; wherefore he will be able to come to the matter with less difficulty; but not so the one in power and authority and so much attendance. And just as it is difficult, or rather impossible, to mix fire with water, so, I think, it is to bring luxury and compunction together into the same place; for these things are contrary, and destructive of one another. For the one is the mother of tears and sobriety, the other of laughter and distraction; and the one makes the soul light and winged, while the other makes it heavier than any lead. And I have not yet mentioned the greatest thing of all, that he lived in times that demanded no great strictness of life; but we have come down to the contest at a time when not only other things, but even laughter itself has great 47.415 punishment, while mourning and being afflicted is praised everywhere. But nevertheless that blessed one, having cut through all these hindrances, took hold of it so vehemently, as if he were one of the many, and had never even in a dream seen a kingdom, nor the magnificence in palaces, and he showed such great compunction in purple and diadem and on a royal throne, as one sitting in sackcloth and ashes and in the wilderness. For to whomsoever this good thing genuinely comes, it shows as much strength as fire among thorns. Even if it should find itself choked by ten thousand evils, or surrounded by the many ropes of sins, or the fierce flame of desires burning, or the great turmoil of life’s affairs surrounding it, driving all those things away with some vehement scourge from the top, it places them far from the soul. And just as fine dust could never stand against the force of a violent wind, so neither will the multitude of desires be able to bear the rush of compunction falling upon it, but it vanishes and is scattered faster than any dust and smoke. For if the love of bodies so enslaves the soul as to lead it away from all things, and to nail it to the tyranny of the beloved alone, what would not the longing for Christ accomplish, and the fear of alienation from him? Both of these things so turned the prophet's soul, that at one time he would say: As the deer longs for the springs of waters, so my soul longs for you, O God; and again, My soul is to you as a waterless land; and, My soul has cleaved to you; and at another time, Lord, do not rebuke me in your anger, nor discipline me in your wrath.

4. And let no one tell me that mourning his sin he wrote this psalm; for this is not true, nor do the letters inscribed above permit one to suspect any such thing. For if no one had the

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τούτους ἴδωμεν ἀκριβῶς. Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἴσον, ἐν ἀξιώματι τοσούτῳ τυγχάνοντα, καὶ παρὰ πάντων θεραπευόμενον, καὶ μηδένα τὸν ἐπιτιμῶντα ἔχοντα ταπεινοῦσθαι καὶ κάμπτεσθαι καὶ κατεσθίειν ἑαυτὸν, καὶ πάντων τούτων ἀπεστερημένον τὸ αὐτὸ δὴ τοῦτο ποιεῖν. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ βασιλεὺς πολλὰ ἔχει τὰ πρὸς διάχυσιν αὐτὸν ἐξάγοντα, καὶ συστεῖλαι κωλύοντα τὴν ψυχήν. Καὶ γὰρ ὑπὸ τῆς καθημερινῆς τρυφῆς διαλύεται καὶ χαῦνος γίνεται, καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς ἐξουσίας φυσᾶται καὶ πρὸς ἀπόνοιαν αἴρεται· ἐκκαίει δὲ καὶ ὁ τῆς δόξης ἔρως αὐτὸν, καὶ ὁ τῶν σωμάτων οὐχ ἧττον, ὑπὸ μὲν τῆς ἐξουσίας τικτόμενος, τρεφόμενος δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς τρυφῆς. Πρὸς τούτοις αἱ τῶν φροντίδων νιφάδες πάντοθεν αὐτὸν βάλλουσαι τῶν παθῶν ἐκείνων οὐκ ἔλαττον θορυβοῦσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν ψυχήν· ὅθεν οὐδὲ μικρὰν παρείσδυσιν ἡ κατάνυξις εὑρεῖν δυνήσεται, τοσούτοις εἰργομένη τειχίσμασιν· ἀγαπητὸν γὰρ καὶ πάντων τούτων ἀπηλλαγμένην δυνηθῆναι ἐν αὐτῇ τοῦτο φυτεῦσαι τὸ καλόν. Ὁ δὲ ἰδιώτης πάσης ταύτης ἔξω τῆς ταραχῆς ἕστηκεν, ἂν μὴ λίαν ᾗ διεστραμμένος· διὸ καὶ μετ' ἐλάττονος δυσκολίας ἐπὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα δυνήσεται ἐλθεῖν· ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁ ἐν δυναστείᾳ καὶ ἀρχῇ καὶ θεραπείᾳ τοσαύτῃ. Καὶ ὥσπερ χαλεπὸν, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀδύνατον ἀναμίξαι ὕδατι πῦρ, οὕτως, οἶμαι, τρυφὴν καὶ κατάνυξιν εἰς ταυτὸ συναγαγεῖν· ἐναντία γὰρ ταῦτα, καὶ ἀλλήλων ἐστὶν ἀναιρετικά. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ δακρύων ἐστὶ μήτηρ καὶ νήψεως, ἡ δὲ γέλωτος καὶ παραφορᾶς· καὶ ἡ μὲν κούφην καὶ ὑπόπτερον ἐργάζεται τὴν ψυχὴν, ἡ δὲ αὐτὴν παντὸς μολύβδου βαρυτέραν καθίστησι. Καὶ οὔπω δὴ τὸ πάντων μεῖζον εἶπον, ὅτι ὁ μὲν ἐν χρόνοις ἐπολιτεύετο οὐδὲν μέγα ἀπαιτοῦσιν εἰς πολιτείας ἀκρίβειαν· ἡμεῖς δὲ τότε εἰς τὸν ἀγῶνα καθήκαμεν, ὅτε οὐ μόνον τὰ ἄλλα, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ γελᾷν πολλὴν 47.415 ἔχει τὴν κόλασιν, ἐπαινεῖται δὲ πανταχοῦ τὸ πενθεῖν καὶ τὸ θλίβεσθαι. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ὁ μακάριος ἐκεῖνος πάντα ταῦτα διακόψας τὰ κωλύματα, οὕτως αὐτῆς ἐπελάβετο σφοδρῶς, ὡς τῶν πολλῶν εἷς ὢν, καὶ μηδὲ ὄναρ ποτὲ βασιλείαν, μηδὲ τὴν ἐν βασιλείοις πολυτέλειαν θεασάμενος, καὶ τοσαύτην ἐν ἁλουργίδι καὶ διαδήματι καὶ θρόνῳ βασιλικῷ τὴν κατάνυξιν ἐπεδείξατο, ὅσην ὁ ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ καὶ ἐν ἐρημίᾳ καθήμενος. Καὶ γὰρ οἷς ἂν γνησίως τοῦτο παραγένηται τὸ καλὸν, τοσαύτην ἐπιδείκνυται τὴν ἰσχὺν, ὅσην ἐν ταῖς ἀκάνθαις τὸ πῦρ. Τοῦτο κἂν ὑπὸ μυρίων ἀγχόμενον εὕρῃ κακῶν, κἂν πολλὰ τὰ σχοινία τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων περικείμενον, κἂν σφοδρὰν τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν τὴν φλόγα καίουσαν, κἂν πολὺν τῶν βιωτικῶν πραγμάτων περιεστῶτα θόρυβον, πάντα ἐκεῖνα εὐθέως σφοδρᾷ τινι μάστιγι κατ' ἄκρας ἐλαύνουσα πόῤῥω καθίστησι τῆς ψυχῆς. Καὶ καθάπερ πρὸς ἀνέμου βίαν ῥαγδαίου οὐκ ἄν ποτε σταίη κόνις λεπτὴ, οὕτως οὐδὲ τὸ τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν πλῆθος κατανύξεως ῥύμην ἐμπεσοῦσαν δυνήσεται ἐνεγκεῖν, ἀλλ' ἀφανίζεται καὶ διαχεῖται καὶ κόνεως καὶ καπνοῦ θᾶττον παντός. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ τῶν σωμάτων ἔρως οὕτω δουλοῦται τὴν ψυχὴν, ὡς πάντων αὐτὴν ἀπαγαγεῖν, καὶ τῇ τῆς ἐρωμένης προσηλῶσαι τυραννίδι μόνῃ, τί οὐκ ἂν ὁ τοῦ Χριστοῦ πόθος ἐργάσαιτο, καὶ τὸ δέος τῆς ἐκείνου ἀλλοτριώσεως; Ἅπερ ἀμφότερα ταῦτα οὕτως ἔστρεφε τοῦ προφήτου τὴν ψυχὴν, ὡς ποτὲ μὲν λέγειν· Ὃν τρόπον ἐπιποθεῖ ἡ ἔλαφος ἐπὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων, οὕτως ἐπιποθεῖ ἡ ψυχή μου πρὸς σὲ, ὁ Θεός· καὶ πάλιν, Ἡ ψυχή μου ὡς γῆ ἄνυδρός σοι· καὶ, Ἐκολλήθη ἡ ψυχή μου ὀπίσω σου· ποτὲ δὲ, Κύριε, μὴ τῷ θυμῷ σου ἐλέγξῃς με, μηδὲ τῇ ὀργῇ σου παιδεύσῃς με.

δʹ. Καὶ μή μοι λεγέτω τις, ὅτι τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτοῦ πενθῶν τοῦτον ἔγραψε τὸν ψαλμόν· οὐ γὰρ ἀληθὲς τοῦτο, οὐδὲ ἀφίησιν ὑποπτεῦσαί τι τοιοῦτον τὰ ἐπιγεγραμμένα ἄνωθεν γράμματα. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ μηδεὶς εἶχε τὴν