John Chrysostom, On Timothy

diminishes and restrains it, listen. For he added, "According to the common faith"; that is, "In faith I have nothing more than you; for it is common, and through the same I was born, and you also." Why then does he call him 'child'? Either wishing to show only his affection, or that he was first in the preaching, or that he was enlightened through him. For this reason he calls them both children and brothers: since they were born from the same faith, they are brothers; since it was through his hands, they are children. Therefore, by saying "According to the common faith," he hinted at their brotherhood. Grace and peace from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ our Savior. Since he said, "Child," he added, "From God the Father," so as to raise his mind, and to learn whose child he is, and that not only by saying, "Common faith," but also by adding, "our Father," he shows his equality of honor. γʹ. See how what he prays for the disciples and for the many, these things also for the teacher; for he himself likewise has need of such prayers, and much more than they, inasmuch as he has more enmities, inasmuch as he has more constraints to offend God. For the greater the dignity, the greater also are the dangers for the one who holds the priesthood; for even one right action of the episcopate is enough to carry one up to heaven, and one sin to cast one into 62.668 Gehenna itself. For to omit all the other things that happen every day, if he should ever happen to have promoted someone unworthy to the episcopate, either through friendship or for some other reason, and entrusted him with the rule of a great city, see to how much fire he makes himself liable. For not only for the souls that are perishing (for he destroys them by being irreverent), but for all the things done by that man, he himself will give an account. For he who is irreverent in the rank of a layman, will be much more so when he takes hold of the office; for it is a wonder if a reverent man remains so upon taking hold of the office. For then vainglory attacks more vehemently, and love of money, and arrogance, as the office provides the authority, and offenses and insults and revilings and countless other things. If then someone is irreverent, he will be much more irreverent upon becoming such. When therefore he establishes such a ruler, he will be responsible for all the sins committed by him, and for whole peoples. But if for one who causes one soul to stumble, it is better for him that a millstone be hung around his neck, and that he be drowned in the depth of the sea, what will he who causes so many souls to stumble—whole cities and peoples and myriad souls, men, women, children, citizens, farmers, those in the city itself, those in other cities under that city—what will he suffer? For even if you should speak of another threefold, you will say nothing; of so great a chastisement and punishment will he be responsible. So that he especially needs the grace of God and peace; for if he does not govern the people with this, all is gone and lost, the rudders not being his. For even if he be skilled in governing, if he does not have these rudders, the grace and the peace from God, he will sink the vessel and those who sail in it. Wherefore I am moved to wonder at those who long for so great a mass of responsibility. Wretched and miserable man, do you not see what you long for? If you are on your own and unknown and obscure, even if you sin ten thousand times, you will give an account for one soul, and for this alone you will be held responsible; but when you are brought to this office, consider for how many heads you are responsible for punishment. For hear Paul saying: Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they are keeping watch over your souls, as those who will have to give an account. But you long for honor and office. And what is the pleasure of this honor? For I do not see this either. For it is not possible to be a ruler truly. How? Because it lies in the authority of those who are ruled to obey. And if someone should examine the matter closely, such a one does not come to an office,

ἐλαττοῖ καὶ καταστέλλει, ἄκουσον. Κατὰ κοινὴν γὰρ πίστιν ἐπήγαγε· τουτέστι, Κατὰ πίστιν οὐδὲν ἔχω σοῦ πλέον· κοινὴ γάρ ἐστι, καὶ διὰ τῆς αὐτῆς ἐγώ τε ἐτέχθην καὶ σύ. Τέκνον οὖν πόθεν αὐτὸν καλεῖ; Ἤτοι τὴν φιλοστοργίαν μόνον δηλῶσαι θέλων, ἢ τὸ πρότερον εἶναι ἐν τῷ κηρύγματι, ἢ τὸ δι' αὐτοῦ πεφωτίσθαι. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ τέκνα καὶ ἀδελφοὺς καλεῖ· ἐπειδὴ ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς πίστεως ἐτέχθησαν, ἀδελφοί· ἐπειδὴ διὰ τῶν ἐκείνου χειρῶν, τέκνα. Τῷ οὖν Κατὰ κοινὴν εἰπεῖν πίστιν, τὴν ἀδελφότητα ᾐνίξατο. Χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν. Ἐπειδὴ εἶπε, Τέκνον, ἐπήγαγεν. Ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς, ὥστε ἀναστῆσαι αὐτοῦ τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ μαθεῖν τίνος ἐστὶ τέκνον, καὶ ὅτι οὐ τῷ, Κοινὴν πίστιν, εἰπεῖν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ ἐπαγαγεῖν, Πατρὸς ἡμῶν, τὸ ὁμότιμον αὐτοῦ δείκνυσιν. γʹ. Ὅρα δὲ πῶς ἃ τοῖς μαθηταῖς καὶ τοῖς πολλοῖς ἐπεύχεται, ταῦτα καὶ τῷ διδασκάλῳ· ὁμοίως γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς δεῖται τῶν τοιούτων εὐχῶν, καὶ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἢ ἐκεῖνοι, ὅσῳ καὶ πλείονας ἔχθρας ἔχει, ὅσῳ καὶ πλείονας ἀνάγκας τοῦ προσκρούειν τῷ Θεῷ. Ὅσῳ γὰρ μέγα τὸ ἀξίωμα, τοσούτῳ μείζους καὶ οἱ κίνδυνοι τῷ τὴν ἱερωσύνην ἔχοντι· ἀρκεῖ γὰρ καὶ ἓν κατόρθωμα ἐπισκοπῆς ἀνενεγκεῖν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ ἓν ἁμάρτημα εἰς 62.668 αὐτὴν ἐμβαλεῖν τὴν γέενναν. Ἵνα γὰρ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα παρῶ τὰ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν συμπίπτοντα, ἂν τύχῃ ποτέ τινα ἢ διὰ φιλίαν, ἢ δι' ἄλλην τινὰ αἰτίαν ἀνάξιον εἰς ἐπισκοπὴν παραγαγὼν, καὶ πόλεως ἐπιτρέψας μεγάλης ἀρχὴν, ὅρα πόσου πυρὸς ἑαυτὸν καθίστησιν ἔνοχον. Οὐ γὰρ τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν ἀπολλυμένων μόνον (ἀπόλλυσι γὰρ αὐτὰς ἀνευλαβὴς ὢν), ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντων τῶν ὑπ' ἐκείνου πραττομένων αὐτὸς δώσει τὰς εὐθύνας. Ὁ γὰρ ἐν τάξει ἰδιώτου ὢν ἀνευλαβὴς, πολλῷ μᾶλλον, ὅταν ἐπιλάβηται τῆς ἀρχῆς· ἀγαπητὸν γὰρ τὸν εὐλαβῆ μεῖναι τοιοῦτον ἐπιλαβόμενον τῆς ἀρχῆς. Καὶ γὰρ κενοδοξία τότε σφοδρότερον ἐπιτίθεται, καὶ χρημάτων ἔρως, καὶ αὐθάδεια, τῆς ἀρχῆς τὴν ἐξουσίαν παρεχούσης, καὶ προσκρούσματα καὶ ὕβρεις καὶ λοιδορίαι καὶ μυρία ἕτερα. Ἂν οὖν τις ἀνευλαβὴς ᾖ, μᾶλλον ἔσται ἀνευλαβέστερος τοιοῦτος γενόμενος. Ὅταν οὖν τοιοῦτον ἐπιστήσῃ ἄρχοντα, πάντων τῶν ἁμαρτανομένων ὑπ' ἐκείνου, καὶ δήμων ὁλοκλήρων ὑπεύθυνος ἔσται. Εἰ δὲ ὁ μίαν ψυχὴν σκανδαλίζων, συμφέρει αὐτῷ ἵνα μύλος ὀνικὸς κρεμασθῇ εἰς τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ, καὶ καταποντισθῇ ἐν τῷ πελάγει τῆς θαλάσσης, ὁ τὰς τοσαύτας ψυχὰς σκανδαλίζων, πόλεις ὁλοκλήρους καὶ δήμους καὶ μυρίας ψυχὰς, ἄνδρας, γυναῖκας, παῖδας, πολίτας, γεωργοὺς, τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει, τοὺς ἐν ἑτέραις ταῖς ὑπ' ἐκείνην τὴν πόλιν, τί ὑποστήσεται; Κἂν γὰρ τριπλασίονα ἑτέραν εἴπῃς, οὐδὲν ἐρεῖς· τοσαύτης ἔσται ὑπεύθυνος κολάσεως καὶ τιμωρίας. Ὥστε μάλιστα οὗτος δεῖται τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τῆς εἰρήνης· ἂν γὰρ μὴ μετὰ ταύτης κυβερνᾷ τὸν λαὸν, πάντα οἴχεται καὶ ἀπόλωλε, τῶν οἰάκων αὐτῷ οὐκ ὄντων. Κἂν γὰρ ἔμπειρος ᾖ τῆς κυβερνητικῆς, ἂν μὴ τοὺς οἴακας τούτους ἔχῃ, τὴν χάριν καὶ τὴν εἰρήνην τὴν παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καταδύσει τὸ σκάφος καὶ τοὺς ἐμπλέοντας. Ὅθεν ἔμοιγε θαυμάζειν ἔπεισι τοὺς ἐφιεμένους ὄγκου τοσούτου. Ἄθλιε ἄνθρωπε καὶ ταλαίπωρε, οὐχ ὁρᾷς τίνος ἐφίεσαι; Κατὰ σαυτὸν ἂν ᾖς καὶ ἀγνὼς καὶ ἄσημος, κἂν μυρία ἁμάρτῃς, ἀλλὰ μιᾶς ψυχῆς δώσεις λόγον, καὶ ταύτης εὐθύνας ὑφέξεις μόνον· ὅταν δὲ εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν ταύτην ἀχθῇς, ἐννόησον ὅσων κεφαλῶν ὑπεύθυνος εἶ τιμωρίας. Ἄκουε γὰρ Παύλου λέγοντος· Πείθεσθε τοῖς ἡγουμένοις ὑμῶν καὶ ὑπείκετε, ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἀγρυπνοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν, ὡς λόγον δώσοντες. Ἀλλὰ τιμῆς ἐφίεσαι καὶ ἀρχῆς· Καὶ τίς ἡ ἡδονὴ ταύτης τῆς τιμῆς; οὐ γὰρ δὴ οὐδὲ τοῦτο ὁρῶ· οὐ γὰρ ἔστι δυνατὸν ἄρχοντα εἶναι ἀληθῶς. Πῶς; Ὅτι ἐν τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ κεῖται τῶν ἀρχομένων τὸ ὑπακούειν. Καὶ εἴ τις ἀκριβῶς ἐξετάσειε τὸ πρᾶγμα, οὐκ ἐπὶ ἀρχὴν ἔρχεται ὁ τοιοῦτος,