John Chrysostom, On Holy Rome

Then the doctor came to the cutting, and became an executioner instead of a doctor, not correcting the diseased member, but destroying the healthy one; and having removed the tongue, he was not strong enough to remove the voice along with it; but the tongue of the flesh was cut out, while the tongue of grace hovered at the mouth of the blessed one; and nature let go of its own member, the iron compelling it, but grace did not allow the voice to fall away with it; wherefore the disciples then enjoyed a more spiritual teaching, not hearing with a human voice as before, but with one divine, and spiritual, and greater than our nature; and all ran together, angels from above, men from below, each desiring to see a mouth without a tongue, and to hear it speaking thus.

For it was truly a wonderful and paradoxical thing, a mouth speaking without a tongue, bringing great shame to the devil, great glory to the martyr, and great comfort and a cause for endurance to the disciples. For such has been God's custom from above and from the beginning, that whatever the devil may plot against us, He turns these things upon his head, and prepares them for our salvation. Consider this: he cast man out of paradise, and God opened heaven to him; he drove him from his dominion on earth, and God gave him the kingdom of heaven, and on the royal throne established our nature. Thus He always gives greater goods than those of which the devil attempts to deprive us. And He does this, making him more hesitant in his plots against us, and teaching us never to fear his machinations; which is indeed what happened here in the case of the martyr. For the voice of which he expected to deprive him, God granted him one much greater and more majestic. For it was not the same to speak with a tongue as without a tongue; the former was natural, and common to all, but the latter was above nature, and became his alone. And yet even if the martyr had stood voiceless after the cutting out of his tongue, even so his contests would have been fulfilled, and his crown perfected; for the cutting of the tongue was the greatest defeat and a clear proof. For if you did not 50.611 fear the tongue, O defiled and all-defiled one, why did you cut it out? Why did you not leave the subject of the struggles, but closed the stadium? Just as if one about to compete in the pancration, then having received unspeakable blows, and no longer being able to resist, should order his opponent's hands to be cut off, and then strike him, there is no further need of other proof to award the victory to the one whose hands were cut off; so indeed in the case of the martyr, the cutting out of the tongue became the clearest proof of all of the victory over the devil. For though the tongue was mortal, yet since it had given immortal wounds to the devil, for this reason he raged wholly against it, bringing greater shame upon himself, and making the crown more glorious for the martyr. For just as it is wonderful to see a tree without a root, and a river without a spring, so too a voice without a tongue.

4. Where now are those who disbelieve in the resurrection of bodies? Behold, the voice

both died and rose again, and in a single moment of time both these things happened. And yet this is much greater than the resurrection of bodies; for in that case the substance of the bodies remains, and only the composition is dissolved; but here the very foundation of the voice was destroyed, yet nevertheless it became glorious again. And yet if you take away the reeds of a flute, the instrument lies useless thereafter; but not so the spiritual flute, for even when deprived of its tongue it was not only not voiceless, but it also sent forth a more melodious and more mystical tune, and with greater astonishment. And again with a lyre, if someone should snatch away only the plectrum, the artist is idle,

λοιπὸν ἐπὶ τὴν τομὴν ὁ ἰατρὸς, καὶ δήμιος ἀντὶ ἰατροῦ γίγνεται, οὐχὶ τὸ νενοσηκὸς διορθούμενος μέλος, ἀλλὰ τὸ ὑγιαῖνον διαφθείρων· καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν ἐξελὼν, οὐκ ἴσχυσεν αὐτῇ συνεξελεῖν καὶ τὴν φωνήν· ἀλλ' ἡ μὲν τῆς σαρκὸς ἐξεκόπτετο γλῶττα, ἡ δὲ τῆς χάριτος ἐφίπτατο τῷ στόματι τοῦ μακαρίου· καὶ ἡ μὲν φύσις τὸ οἰκεῖον ἠφίει μέλος, τοῦ σιδήρου τοῦτο καταναγκάζοντος, ἡ δὲ χάρις συνεκπεσεῖν αὐτῇ τὴν φωνὴν οὐκ εἴασεν· ὅθεν λοιπὸν πνευματικωτέρας ἀπήλαυον οἱ μαθηταὶ διδασκαλίας, οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνῃ φωνῇ καθάπερ τὰ πρότερα ἀκούοντες, ἀλλὰ θείᾳ τινὶ, καὶ πνευματικῇ, καὶ μείζονι τῆς φύσεως τῆς ἡμετέρας· καὶ πάντες συνέτρεχον, ἄνωθεν ἄγγελοι, κάτωθεν ἄνθρωποι, ἕκαστος χωρὶς γλώττης στόμα ἰδεῖν ἐπιθυμοῦντες, καὶ ἀκοῦσαι φθεγγομένου οὕτως.

Καὶ γὰρ ἦν ὄντως θαυμαστὸν καὶ παράδοξον στόμα ἄνευ γλώττης φθεγγόμενον, πολλὴν μὲν τῷ διαβόλῳ φέρον αἰσχύνην, πολλὴν δὲ τῷ μάρτυρι δόξαν, μεγάλην δὲ τοῖς μαθηταῖς παράκλησιν καὶ ὑπομονῆς ὑπόθεσιν. Καὶ γὰρ ἔθος τῷ Θεῷ τοιοῦτον ἄνωθεν καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ἅπερ ἂν καθ' ἡμῶν ὁ διάβολος ῥάψῃ, ταῦτα εἰς τὴν ἐκείνου τρέπειν κεφαλὴν, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡμετέρας κατασκευάζειν σωτηρίας. Σκόπει δέ· ἐξέβαλεν ἐκεῖνος τοῦ παραδείσου τὸν ἄνθρωπον, καὶ ἀνέῳξεν αὐτῷ τὸν οὐρανὸν ὁ Θεός· ἀπήλασεν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνος τῆς ἀρχῆς τῆς ἐν τῇ γῇ, καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ ἐν τῷ θρόνῳ τῷ βασιλικῷ τὴν φύσιν ἐνίδρυσε τὴν ἡμετέραν. Οὕτως ἀεὶ μείζονα δίδωσιν ἀγαθὰ, ὧν ὁ διάβολος ἀποστερεῖν ἐπιχειρεῖ. Ποιεῖ δὲ τοῦτο, ἐκεῖνόν τε ὀκνηρότερον ἐν ταῖς καθ' ἡμῶν κατασκευάζων ἐπιβουλαῖς, ἡμᾶς δὲ παιδεύων μηδέποτε αὐτοῦ δεδοικέναι τὰ μηχανήματα· ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα γέγονεν ἐπὶ τοῦ μάρτυρος. Ἧς γὰρ προσεδόκησε φωνῆς ἀποστερήσειν αὐτὸν, πολλῷ μείζονα καὶ σεμνοτέραν αὐτῷ ἐχαρίσατο ὁ Θεός. Οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἴσον μετὰ γλώττης φθέγγεσθαι, καὶ χωρὶς γλώττης· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἀκόλουθον ἦν, καὶ κοινὸν ἅπασι, τὸ δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν φύσιν, καὶ αὐτοῦ ἴδιον ἐγένετο μόνου. Καίτοι καὶ εἰ ἄφωνος ἔστη μετὰ τὴν τῆς γλώττης ἐκκοπὴν ὁ μάρτυς, καὶ οὕτως αὐτῷ τὰ τῶν ἀγώνων πεπλήρωτο, καὶ ὁ στέφανος ἀπήρτιστο· ἧττα γὰρ μεγίστη καὶ σαφὴς ἀπόδειξις ἦν τὸ τὴν γλῶτταν τεμεῖν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ 50.611 ἐφοβοῦ τὴν γλῶτταν, ὦ μιαρὲ καὶ παμμίαρε, τίνος ἕνεκεν αὐτὴν ἀπέτεμες; τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐκ ἀφῆκας τῶν παλαισμάτων τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, ἀλλ' ἀπέκλεισας τὸ στάδιον; Ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις παγκρατιάζειν μέλλων, εἶτα πληγὰς ἀφάτους λαβὼν, καὶ μὴ δυνάμενος ἀντιστῆναι λοιπὸν, κελεύσειεν ἐκκοπῆναι τοῦ ἀνταγωνιστοῦ τὰς χεῖρας, καὶ οὕτως αὐτὸν παίοι, οὐ χρεία λοιπὸν ἑτέρας ἀποδείξεως πρὸς τὸ τὴν νίκην τῷ τὰς χεῖρας ἐκκοπέντι ψηφίσασθαι· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ μάρτυρος σαφεστέρα πάντων ἀπόδειξις ἡ τῆς γλώττης ἐκκοπὴ γέγονε τῆς κατὰ τοῦ διαβόλου νίκης. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ θνητὴ ἦν ἡ γλῶττα, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ἀθάνατα τραύματα δέδωκε τῷ διαβόλῳ, διὰ τοῦτο κατ' ἐκείνης ἔπνευσεν ὅλος, ἑαυτὸν μὲν εἰς μείζονα καθιστῶν αἰσχύνην, τῷ δὲ μάρτυρι λαμπρότερον ποιῶν τὸν στέφανον. Ὥσπερ γὰρ θαυμαστὸν χωρὶς ῥίζης δένδρον ἰδεῖν, καὶ χωρὶς πηγῆς ποταμόν· οὕτω καὶ χωρὶς γλώττης φωνήν.

δʹ. Ποῦ νῦν εἰσιν οἱ τῇ τῶν σωμάτων ἀναστάσει διαπιστοῦντες; Ἰδοὺ ἡ φωνὴ

καὶ ἀπέθανε καὶ ἀνέστη, καὶ ἐν μιᾷ καιροῦ ῥοπῇ ταῦτα ἀμφότερα γέγονε. Καίτοι τοῦτο τῆς τῶν σωμάτων ἀναστάσεως πολλῷ μεῖζόν ἐστιν· ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις τῶν σωμάτων ὑπόκειται, ἡ σύνθεσις δὲ διαλέλυται μόνον· ἐνταῦθα δὲ αὐτὴ ἡ ὑπόθεσις τῆς φωνῆς ἀνῄρητο, ἀλλ' ὅμως λαμπροτέρα πάλιν ἐγίγνετο. Καίτοι γε αὐλοῦ τὰς γλωττίδας ἂν ἀφέλῃς, ἄχρηστον λοιπὸν κεῖται τὸ ὄργανον· ἀλλ' οὐχ οὕτως ὁ αὐλὸς ὁ πνευματικὸς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν ἀφαιρεθεὶς οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἦν ἄφωνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐμμελέστερον καὶ μυστικώτερον ἠφίει μέλος, καὶ μετὰ πλείονος τῆς ἐκπλήξεως. Καὶ ἐπὶ κιθάρας δὲ πάλιν, ἂν τὸ πλῆκτρόν τις ἐξαρπάσῃ μόνον, ἀργὸς ὁ τεχνίτης,