destruction and all misery *** And it is the same thing to have the fear of God before one's eyes as to have knowledge about the fear of God, which the Word, wishing to teach us, says: ‘Come, | children, listen to me’ *** to seem to have the fear of God, but not to have that which is properly called the fear of God; or will we not say that those who abstain from marriage and <do not use> foods and drinks with the pretext of the fear of God seem to have the fear of God? But he who has understanding will say that the fear of God in them is not truly of God, just as it is not truth *** Although there is a multitude of sin|s, not everyone is liable for all of them, but some for this sin, others for that, so that all who are under sin are liable, not each one for all sins but each one for some one of a<ll> ‖ and thus all for all. [Rom. 3, 19-] ‘Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are in the law; *** 144 If we suppose that 'law' here means only the law of Moses, the apostle would be speaking most illogically that for this reason the law says what it says to those in the law, so that no man may have a place of defense concerning his own sins; for such is the meaning of | ‘That every mouth may be stopped’. For what <indeed> do the works of the Mosaic law have in common with all flesh? And how does the knowledge of sin come through the law of Moses, when many even before Moses recognized their own sins? For Cain indeed says: ‘My guilt is greater than that I should be forgiven’. And the patriarchs who went down to Egypt to Joseph say, concerning Joseph's words to them, ‘We are in si|n concerning our brother, because we disregarded the affliction of his soul’; but also if Job is shown to have lived before Moses, he says, ‘If I also, sinning willingly, have hidden my sin’ and what follows. It seems to me, then, to have been moderately proven from these things that ‘law’ is not now said by the apostle to be that of Moses; but if it is not that law about which he is now discoursing, what other could it be about which he teaches these things than the law of nature, which is also written on the hearts of men? And who would be those 'in the law' if not every man who has attained reason? For those who are still living without law are not in the law, such as Paul once was *** For no place of defens|e is left for any 146 man who ha[s the knowled]ge of the law innately in his heart *** But when every mouth is stopped and the whole world becomes liable to God, God alone is justified in his words and conquers when he is judged *** For who, hearing what is analogous to ‘My people, what have I done to you, or how have I grieved you, or how have I trouble|d you? Answer me,’ would have the confidence to answer and to escape the judgment to which the whole world is subject? *** ‘said: You shall not covet; but sin, taking occasion through the commandment, deceived me and through it killed me’ *** some things are named according to a relation to something, as a father is a father of a son and a son is a son of a father, | and a citizen is a citizen of a citizen, but others according to difference, as man, horse; for no man is a man of something, nor a horse of a horse. We ask, therefore, concerning the law, which we must now examine, whether the name is according to difference, as ‘man,’ or according to relation, as ‘father’ *** But another might say that just as the only-begotten of God is the Word-itself and Wisdom-itsel|f and Truth-itself, so also is he Law-itself *** For since those men living in the flesh and having attained reason are themselves the ones who are 148 in the law, and their mouth is stopped when, upon the coming of the commandment, sin revives in them and they, being a certain world, become liable to God. Except the saints whom he foreknew and predestined and called and justified and glorified are law and not in the law; therefore their mouth will not be stopped, nor will they become liable to God (for they are not flesh); ‖ and if they are justified, they will not be justified by works of the law; for law will not be justified by works of the law, being righteous in itself and, if one must so name it, a state of righteousness *** how through the law is the knowledge of sin, but not from the law. For someone paying attention to the law and understanding this and the things

σύντριμμα καὶ πᾶσα ταλαιπωρία *** Ταὐτὸν δέ ἐστιν τὸ εἶναι φόβον Θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τῷ ἐπιστήμην ἔχειν περὶ φόβου Θεοῦ, ἣν βουλόμενος ἡμᾶς διδάξαι ὁ Λόγος φησίν· «∆εῦτε, | τέκνα, ἀκούσατέ μου» *** δοκεῖν ἔχειν φόβον Θεοῦ, μὴ ἔχειν δὲ ἐκεῖνον τὸν κυρίως ὀνομαζόμενον φόβον Θεοῦ· ἢ οὐ φήσομεν δοκεῖν ἔχειν φόβον Θεοῦ τοὺς προθέσει φόβου Θεοῦ γάμων ἀπεχομένους καὶ <μὴ χρωμένους> βρώμασιν καὶ πόμασιν; Ἀλλ' ὁ νοῦν ἔχων φήσει ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθῶς Θεοῦ φόβος ὁ ἐν ἐκείνοις ὡς οὐδὲ ἀλήθεια *** Πλήθους ὄντος ἁμαρτημά|των, οὐ πάντως ἕκαστος ἔνοχός ἐστιν τοῖς πᾶσιν, ἀλλ' οἵδε μὲν τῷδε τῷ ἁμαρτήματι, ἕτεροι τῷδε, ὥστε πάντας τοὺς ὑπὸ ἁμαρ τίαν ὄντας ἐνόχους εἶναι, οὐ τὸν καθ' ἕνα τοῖς πᾶσιν ἀλλὰ τὸν καθ' ἕνα τινὶ τῶν πάν<των> ‖ καὶ οὕτω τοὺς πάντας τοῖς πᾶσιν. [Rom. 3, 19-] «Οἴδαμεν δὲ ὅτι ὅσα ὁ νόμος λαλεῖ τοῖς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ λ· *** 144 Εἴπερ νόμον ἐνθάδε νομίζομεν μόνον λέγεσθαι τὸν Μωσέως, ἀπροσλογώ τατα ἂν φάσκοι ὁ ἀπόστολος τὸ διὰ τοῦτο τοῖς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ λαλεῖν τὸν νόμον ὅσα λέγει ἵνα μηδεὶς ἀνθρώπων τόπον ἀπολογίας ἔχῃ περὶ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ ἁμαρτημάτων· τοιοῦτον γάρ ἐστιν | τὸ «Ἵνα πᾶν στόμα φραγῇ». Τί <γὰρ> κοινὸν πρὸς πᾶσαν σάρκα τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Μωσέως νόμου; Πῶς δὲ καὶ ἡ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἐπίγνωσις διὰ τοῦ Μωσέως νόμου γίνεται, πολλῶν καὶ πρὸ Μωσέως ἐπεγνω κότων τὰ ἴδια ἁμαρτήματα; Κάϊν μὲν γάρ φησιν· «Μείζων ἡ αἰτία μου τοῦ ἀφεθῆναί με». Οἱ δὲ εἰς Αἴγυπτον καταβάντες πρὸς τὸν Ἰωσὴφ πα τριάρχαι λέγουσιν ἐπὶ τοῖς τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ πρὸς αὐτοὺς λόγοις τὸ «Ἐν ἁμαρτί|ᾳ ἐσμὲν περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἡμῶν, ὅτι ὑπερείδομεν τὴν θλῖψιν τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ»· ἀλλὰ καὶ εἴπερ ὁ Ἰὼβ δείκνυται πρὸ Μωσέως γεγονέναι, φησίν. «Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἁμαρτὼν ἑκουσίως ἔκρυψα τὴν ἁμαρτίαν μου» καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. ∆οκεῖ δή μοι μετρίως ἐκ τούτων ἀποδεδεῖχθαι «νόμον» νῦν τῷ ἀποστόλῳ μὴ τὸν Μωσέως λέγεσθαι· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν περὶ οὗ νῦν διαλαμβάνει, τίς ἂν ἄλλος εἴη περὶ οὗ ταῦτα διδάσκει ἢ ὁ φύσει νόμος, ὁ καὶ γραπτὸς ἐν ταῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων καρδίαις; Τίνες δ' ἂν εἶεν οἱ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ἢ πᾶς ὁ συμπληρώσας τὸν λόγον ἄνθρωπος; Οὐκ εἰσὶ γὰρ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ οἱ ἔτι ζῶντες χωρὶς νόμου, ὁποῖος ἦν καὶ Παῦλός ποτε *** Ἀπολογί|ας γὰρ τόπος οὐδενὶ καταλείπεται 146 ἀνθρώπῳ τ[ὴν γνῶσ]ιν τοῦ νόμου ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ συμφυῶς ἔχοντι *** Ὅτε δὲ πᾶν φράττεται στόμα καὶ ὑπόδικος γίνεται πᾶς ὁ κόσμος τῷ Θεῷ, δικαιοῦται ὁ Θεὸς μόνος ἐν τοῖς λόγοις ἑαυτοῦ καὶ νικᾷ ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαι αὐτόν *** Τίς γὰρ ἀκούων τὰ ἀνάλογον τῷ «Λαός μου, τί ἐποίησά σοι ἢ τί ἐλύπησά σε ἢ τί παρε|νώχλησά σε; Ἀποκρίθητί μοι» ἔχοι ἂν παρρησίαν πρὸς τὸ ἀποκρίνασθαι καὶ φυγεῖν τὴν δίκην ᾗ πᾶς ὁ κόσμος ὑπόκειται; *** «ἔλεγεν· Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις· ἀφορμὴν δὲ λαβοῦσα ἡ ἁμαρτία διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς ἐξηπάτησέν με καὶ δι' αὐτῆς ἀπέκτει νεν» *** τινὰ μὲν κατὰ τήν του πρός τι σχέσιν ὠνόμασται ὡς πατὴρ υἱοῦ πατὴρ καὶ υἱὸς πατρὸς υἱός, | καὶ πολίτης πολίτου πολίτης, ἃ δὲ κατὰ διαφορὰν ὡς ἄνθρωπος ἵππος· οὐδενὸς γὰρ ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος οὐδὲ ἵππος ἵππος. Ζητοῦμεν τοίνυν περὶ τοῦ νόμου, περὶ οὗ νῦν ἐξετάζειν χρή, πότερον κατὰ διαφοράν ἐστιν τὸ ὄνομα ὡς τὸ «ἄνθρωπος», ἢ κατὰ τὴν πρός τι σχέσιν ὡς ὁ πατήρ *** Ἄλλος δ' ἂν εἴποι ὅτι ὥσπερ ὁ μονογενὴς τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν αὐτο λόγος καὶ αὐτοσο|φία καὶ αὐτοαλήθεια, οὕτως καὶ αὐτονόμος *** Ἐπεὶ γὰρ οἱ ἐν σαρκὶ ζῶντες καὶ συμπληρώσαντες τὸν λόγον ἄνθρωποι αὐτοί εἰσιν οἱ 148 ἐν τῷ νόμῳ, καὶ τούτων τὸ στόμα φράττεται ὅτε ἐλθούσης τῆς ἐντολῆς ἡ ἁμαρτία ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀναζῇ καὶ οὗτοι κόσμος τις ὄντες ὑπόδικοι γίνονται τῷ Θεῷ. Πλὴν οἱ ἅγιοι οὓς προέγνω καὶ προώρισεν καὶ ἐκάλεσεν καὶ ἐδικαίωσεν καὶ ἐδόξασεν νόμος εἰσὶ καὶ οὐκ ἐν νόμῳ· διόπερ οὐ φραγήσεται αὐτῶν τὸ στόμα, οὐδὲ ὑπόδικοι γενήσονται τῷ Θεῷ (οὐ γάρ εἰσι σάρξ)· ‖ καὶ εἰ δικαιοῦνται δέ, οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου δικαιωθήσονται· νόμος γὰρ οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου δικαιωθήσεται, αὐτόθεν δίκαιος ὢν καί, εἰ χρὴ οὕτως ὀνομάσαι, ἕξις δικαιοσύνης *** πῶς̣ διὰ νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκ νόμου. Ἐφιστὰς γάρ τις τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τοῦτον κατανοῶν τά τε