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BOOK OF THEOLOGICAL WORKS

FIRST THEOLOGICAL WORK (13)

And against those who place "first" upon the Father. To speak or utter things concerning God, and to investigate the things pertaining to Him, and to make the ineffable

effable, and to insinuate that the things incomprehensible to all are comprehensible, would be an indication of a rash and audacious soul. And this is suffered not only by those who dare to say something about God from themselves, but also by those who memorize and meddle with what was spoken of old by the divine theologians against heretics and handed down in writing, not so that they might reap some spiritual benefit, but so that they might be admired by their hearers at drinking parties and councils and be acclaimed as theologians; which grieves me the more and makes me distressed, when I consider the dreadfulness of the undertaking and the judgment reserved for the audacious. What things they say, daring to speak against divine things! In this alone, he says, is the Father greater than the Son, in that He is the cause of the Son's existence. And the counter-argument: How (14) do you say the Father is greater than the Son? Because, he says, the Father is greater than the Son, and I mean instead of "first"; for He is from the Father. These things are from their new empty talk and unintelligent theology, being ignorant of the reason for which these things were said by the theologians against heretics; for not being able to understand the power of what is written, they tread on empty ground and affirm what they say as if it were certain and true and so it is. To them, it is fitting that we, not from ourselves, but initiated into the mystery by Him who teaches man knowledge, obeying the Spirit who whispers from above, should speak thus.

If the all-holy Trinity, which brought all things out of non-being, was, O you people, and is, and ever shall be indivisible, who taught, who conceived of measures and degrees, first and second, greater and lesser in It? Who set forth these things for what is unseen and unknown and altogether unexplainable and incomprehensible? For things that are ever united and ever exist in the same way cannot be first of one another. But if you wish to call the Father first of the Son, as being begotten from Him, and in this respect rather and greater, I say to you also that the Son is first of the Father; for if He had not been begotten, the Father would not be called Father. But if you place the Father wholly before the Son and call him first as cause of the Son’s begetting, I reject also His being the cause of the Son.

For you give rise to the suspicion that the Son was not before He was begotten, and He was begotten willing or unwilling, and with the Father willing or unwilling, and He knew that He was begotten and how, or not at all.

Do you see into how many absurdities, not to say blasphemies, we fall from such discussions. Either, therefore, flee from saying the Father is first of the Son, and then we will accept you saying the Father is cause, or, if you say this, (15) arranging our speech with judgment, for the time being we reject that also; for things that are ever united, as has been said, and ever exist in the same way cannot be causes of one another. Do not then think that the Father ever pre-existed the Son, and you will call Him neither first nor greater than the Son; for what pre-existed would be called first of what was begotten or proceeded or was made from it, but He who neither pre-exists, nor was ever born or became first of the co-eternal and co-unoriginate Son, but being wholly in

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ΒΙΒΛΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΚΩΝ

ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ (13)

Καί κατά τῶν τιθεμένων τό πρῶτον ἐπί τοῦ Πατρός. Τό περί Θεοῦ λέγειν ἤ φθέγγεσθαι καί τά κατ᾿ αὐτόν ἐρευνᾶν καί τά ἀνέκφορα

ποιεῖν ἔκφορα καί τά πᾶσιν ἀκατάληπτα ὡς καταληπτά ὑπεμφαίνειν τολμηρᾶς ἄν εἴη καί αὐθαδοῦς ψυχῆς ἔνδειγμα. Καί τοῦτο πάσχουσιν οὐχ ὅσοι ἀφ᾿ ἑαυτῶν τι λέγειν τολμῶσι μόνον περί Θεοῦ, ἀλλά καί ὅσοι τά πρός αἱρετικούς πάλαι λαληθέντα παρά τῶν θεσπεσίων θεολόγων καί γραφῇ παραδοθέντα ἀποστηθίζουσί τε καί πολυπραγμονοῦσιν, οὐχ ἵνα πνευματικήν τινά ὠφέλειαν καρπώσωνται, ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα θαυμάζωνται παρά τῶν ἀκουόντων ἐν πότοις καί συνεδρίοις καί θεολόγοι ἐπιφημίζωνται· ὅ καί μᾶλλον λυπεῖ με καί ἐν ἀδημονίᾳ ποιεῖ, ἐννοοῦντα τό φρικτόν τοῦ ἐγχειρήματος καί τό τοῖς τολμητίαις ἀποκείμενον κρῖμα. Οἷα δέ φασι τῶν θείων κατατολμῶντες! Κατά τοῦτο, φησί, μόνον μείζων ὁ Πατήρ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, καθ᾿ ὅ αἴτιός ἐστι τῆς ὑπάρξεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ. Καί ἡ ἀνθυποφορά· μείζονα τοῦ Υἱοῦ τόν Πατέρα πῶς (14) φῄς; Ὅτι δή, φησί, μείζων ὁ Πατήρ τοῦ Υἱοῦ λέγω δέ ἀντί τοῦ πρῶτος · ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός γάρ. Ταῦτα τῆς καινῆς κενοφωνίας αὐτῶν καί ἀσυνέτου θεολογίας, τήν αἰτίαν δι᾿ ἥν ταῦτα πρός τῶν θεολόγων ἐλέχθησαν πρός αἱρετικούς ἀγνοούντων· τήν γάρ δύναμιν τῶν γεγραμμένων νοῆσαι μή ἱκανῶς ἔχοντες, κενεμβατοῦσιν καί ἅ λέγουσιν ὡς βέβαια καί ἀληθῆ καί οὕτως ἔχοντα διαβεβαιοῦνται. Πρός οὕς εἰκότως οὐκ ἀφ᾿ ἑαυτῶν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τοῦ διδάσκοντος ἄνθρωπον γνῶσιν μυσταγωγούμενοι, τῷ ὑπηχοῦντι ἄνωθεν πειθόμενοι Πνεύματι, εἴπωμεν ὧδε.

Εἰ ἀδιαίρετος ἦν, ὦ οὗτοι, καί ἔστι καί ἔσται ἀεί ἡ παναγία Τριάς, ἡ τό πᾶν ἐκ τοῦ μή ὄντος παραγαγοῦσα, τίς ἐδίδαξε, τίς ἐνενόησε μέτρα καί βαθμούς, πρῶτον καί δεύτερον, μεῖζον καί ἔλαττον ἐν αὐτῇ; Τίς τοῖς ἀθεάτοις καί ἀγνώστοις καί πάντῃ ἀνερμηνεύτοις καί ἀκατανοήτοις ταῦτα ἐξέθετο; Τά γάρ ἀεί ἡνωμένα καί ἀεί ὡσαύτως ὄντα, ἀλλήλων πρῶτα εἶναι οὐ δύνανται. Εἰ δέ πρῶτον βούλει σύ τόν Πατέρα εἰπεῖν τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ὡς ἐξ αὐτοῦ γεννηθέντος, καί κατά τοῦτο μᾶλλον καί μείζονα, λέγω σοι κἀγώ πρῶτον εἶναι τοῦ Πατρός τόν Υἱόν· εἰ μή γάρ οὗτος ἐγεννήθη, οὐκ ἄν πατήρ ὁ Πατήρ ὠνομάζετο. Εἰ δέ προτάσσεις ὅλως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τόν Πατέρα καί πρῶτον αὐτόν ὡς αἴτιον τῆς τοῦ Υἱοῦ γεννήσεως ὀνομάζεις, καί τό εἶναι τοῦ Υἱοῦ αἴτιον ἀποβάλλομαι.

Ὑπόνοιαν γάρ παρέχεις ὅτι οὐκ ἦν ὁ Υἱός πρό τοῦ γεννηθῆναι, καί θέλων ἐγεννήθη ἤ μή θέλων, καί θέλοντος τοῦ Πατρός ἤ μή θέλοντος, καί ἔγνω ὅτι ἐγεννήθη καί πῶς ἤ οὐδαμῶς.

Ὁρᾷς εἰς ὅσας ἀτοπίας, ἵνα μή λέγω βλασφημίας, ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων ἐμπίπτομεν συζητήσεων. Ἤ τοίνυν τό πρῶτον λέγειν τοῦ Υἱοῦ τόν Πατέρα ἀπόδραθι, καί τηνικαῦτα τό αἴτιον λέγειν σε τόν Πατέρα δεξόμεθα, ἤ τοῦτό σου λέγοντος, (15) τόν λόγον οἰκονομοῦντες ἐν κρίσει, τό γε νῦν ἔχον καί αὐτό παραιτούμεθα· τά γάρ ἀεί, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, ἡνωμένα καί ἀεί ὡσαύτως ὄντα ἀλλήλων αἴτια εἶναι οὐ δύνανται. Μή δή ἐννοήσῃς προϋπάρξαι ποτέ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τόν Πατέρα καί οὔτε πρῶτον οὔτε μείζονα καλέσεις αὐτόν τοῦ Υἱοῦ· τό γάρ προϋπάρξαν πρῶτον ἄν κληθήσεται τοῦ ἐξ αὐτοῦ γεννηθέντος ἤ προελθόντος ἤ ποιηθέντος, ὁ δέ μήτε προών, μήτε ποτέ γεγονώς ἤ γενόμενος πρῶτος τοῦ συναϊδίου καί συνανάρχου Υἱοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ ὅλος ὤν ἐν