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they wish, it is agreed by all who come to the first principles of the universe, while we maintain that the one who ordered this universe is God—what is the reason that some are permitted with impunity to say and write what they wish about God, but on us lies a law, who are able to demonstrate with signs and arguments of truth what we both understand and have rightly believed, that there is one God? For poets and philosophers, as in other matters, applied themselves by way of conjecture, each moved by his own soul, through affinity with the breath from God, to seek if he might be able to find and understand the truth; but they were able only to think around it, not to find what truly is, not deeming it worthy to learn about God from God, but each from himself; for this reason each of them has held different doctrines, both concerning God and concerning matter and concerning forms and concerning the world. But we have prophets as witnesses for what we understand and believe, who by an inspired spirit have spoken out both concerning God and concerning the things of God. And you yourselves, since you surpass others in intelligence and in piety concerning that which is truly divine, would say that it is irrational to leave aside belief in the Spirit from God, which has moved the mouths of the prophets as instruments, and to pay attention to human opinions. That, therefore, the maker of this universe is one God from the beginning, consider it thus, so that you may also have the reasoning of our faith. If there were two or more gods from the beginning, they were either in one and the same place, or each of them separately. Now, they could not be in one and the same place. For they are not alike, if they are gods; but because they are uncreated, they are not alike. For created things are like their patterns, but uncreated things are dissimilar, having come into being neither from anything nor for anything. But if, as hand and eye and foot are complementary parts of one body, making up one whole from themselves, God is one. And yet Socrates, since he is created and perishable, is composed of and divided into parts, but God is uncreated and impassible and indivisible; He is not, therefore, composed of parts. But if each of them exists separately, since the maker of the world is above the things that have been made and around the things which He both made and ordered, where is the other or the others? For if the world, finished as a sphere, is enclosed by the circles of heaven, and the maker of the world is above the things that have come to be, governing it by His providence over them, what is the place of the other god or of the others? For he is neither in the world, because it belongs to another; nor around the world, for above this is God, the maker of the world. But if he is neither in the world nor around the world (for all that is around it is held by this one), where is he? Above the world and God, in another world and around another? But if he is in another and around another, he is no longer concerned with us (for he does not rule the world), nor is he himself great in power (for he is in a circumscribed place). But if he is neither in another world (for all things have been filled by this one) nor around

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θέλωσι, τοῖς πᾶσι συμφωνῆται ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς τῶν ὅλων παραγινο μένοις, ἡμεῖς δὲ κρατύνωμεν τὸν διακοσμήσαντα τὸ πᾶν τοῦτο, τοῦτον εἶναι τὸν θεόν, τίς ἡ αἰτία τοῖς μὲν ἐπ' ἀδείας ἐξεῖναι καὶ λέγειν καὶ γράφειν περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ ἃ θέλουσιν, ἐφ' ἡμῖν δὲ κεῖσθαι νόμον, οἳ ἔχομεν ὅ τι καὶ νοοῦμεν καὶ ὀρθῶς πεπιστεύκαμεν, ἕνα θεὸν εἶναι, ἀληθείας σημείοις καὶ λόγοις παραστῆσαι; ποιηταὶ μὲν γὰρ καὶ φιλόσοφοι, ὡς καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις, ἐπέβαλον στοχαστικῶς, κινηθέντες μὲν κατὰ συμπάθειαν τῆς παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πνοῆς ὑπὸ τῆς αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ ψυχῆς ἕκαστος ζητῆσαι, εἰ δυνατὸς εὑρεῖν καὶ νοῆσαι τὴν ἀλήθειαν, τοσοῦτον δὲ δυνηθέντες ὅσον περινοῆσαι, οὐχ εὑρεῖν τὸ ὄν, οὐ παρὰ θεοῦ περὶ θεοῦ ἀξιώσαντες μαθεῖν, ἀλλὰ παρ' αὑτοῦ ἕκαστος· διὸ καὶ ἄλλος ἄλλως ἐδογμάτισεν αὐτῶν καὶ περὶ θεοῦ καὶ περὶ ὕλης καὶ περὶ εἰδῶν καὶ περὶ κόσμου. ἡμεῖς δὲ ὧν νοοῦμεν καὶ πεπιστεύκαμεν ἔχομεν προφήτας μάρτυρας, οἳ πνεύματι ἐνθέῳ ἐκπεφωνήκασι καὶ περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ περὶ τῶν τοῦ θεοῦ. εἴποιτε δ' ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς συνέσει καὶ τῇ περὶ τὸ ὄντως θεῖον εὐσεβείᾳ τοὺς ἄλλους προὔχοντες ὡς ἔστιν ἄλογον παραλιπόντας πιστεύειν τῷ παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πνεύματι ὡς ὄργανα κεκινηκότι τὰ τῶν προφητῶν στόματα, προσέχειν δόξαις ἀνθρωπίναις. Ὅτι τοίνυν εἷς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁ τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς ποιητὴς θεός, οὑτωσὶ σκέψασθε, ἵν' ἔχητε καὶ τὸν λογισμὸν ἡμῶν τῆς πίστεως. εἰ δύο ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἢ πλείους ἦσαν θεοί, ἤτοι ἐν ἑνὶ καὶ ταὐτῷ ἦσαν ἢ ἰδίᾳ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν. ἐν μὲν οὖν ἑνὶ καὶ ταὐτῷ εἶναι οὐκ ἠδύναντο. οὐ γάρ, εἰ θεοί, ὅμοιοι, ἀλλ' ὅτι ἀγένητοι, οὐχ ὅμοιοι· τὰ μὲν γὰρ γενητὰ ὅμοια τοῖς παραδείγμασιν, τὰ δὲ ἀγένητα ἀνόμοια, οὔτε ἀπό τινος οὔτε πρός τινα γενόμενα. εἰ δέ, ὡς χεὶρ καὶ ὀφθαλμὸς καὶ ποὺς περὶ ἓν σῶμά εἰσιν συμπληρωτικὰ μέρη, ἕνα ἐξ αὐτῶν συμπληροῦντες, ὁ θεὸς εἷς· καίτοι ὁ μὲν Σωκράτης, παρὸ γενητὸς καὶ φθαρτός, συγκείμενος καὶ διαιρούμενος εἰς μέρη, ὁ δὲ θεὸς ἀγένητος καὶ ἀπαθὴς καὶ ἀδιαίρετος· οὐκ ἄρα συνεστὼς ἐκ μερῶν. εἰ δὲ ἰδίᾳ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν, ὄντος τοῦ τὸν κόσμον πεποιηκότος ἀνωτέρω τῶν γεγονότων καὶ περὶ ἃ ἐποίησέ τε καὶ ἐκόσμησεν, ποῦ ὁ ἕτερος ἢ οἱ λοιποί; εἰ γὰρ ὁ μὲν κόσμος σφαιρικὸς ἀποτελεσθεὶς οὐρανοῦ κύκλοις ἀποκέκλεισται, ὁ δὲ τοῦ κόσμου ποιητὴς ἀνωτέρω τῶν γεγονότων ἐπέχων αὐτὸν τῇ τούτων προνοίᾳ, τίς ὁ τοῦ ἑτέρου θεοῦ ἢ τῶν λοιπῶν τόπος; οὔτε γὰρ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐστίν, ὅτι ἑτέρου ἐστίν· οὔτε περὶ τὸν κόσμον, ὑπὲρ γὰρ τοῦτον ὁ τοῦ κόσμου ποιητὴς θεός. εἰ δὲ μήτε ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐστὶν μήτε περὶ τὸν κόσμον (τὸ γὰρ περὶ αὐτὸν πᾶν ὑπὸ τούτου κατέχεται), ποῦ ἐστιν; ἀνωτέρω τοῦ κόσμου καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐν ἑτέρῳ κόσμῳ καὶ περὶ ἕτερον; ἀλλ' εἰ μέν ἐστιν ἐν ἑτέρῳ καὶ περὶ ἕτερον, οὔτε περὶ ἡμᾶς ἐστιν ἔτι (οὐδὲ γὰρ κόσμου κρατεῖ), οὔτε αὐτὸς δυνάμει μέγας ἐστίν (ἐν γὰρ περιωρισμένῳ τόπῳ ἐστίν). εἰ δὲ οὔτε ἐν ἑτέρῳ κόσμῳ ἐστὶν (πάντα γὰρ ὑπὸ τούτου πεπλήρωται) οὔτε περὶ