making peace with him. Blessed are such as these, as having imitated the Son of God; for they will be called sons, having partaken of immortality, that is, they will reign with Christ in his second coming. 40 Mt 5, 9 Peacemakers are also those who persuade the unbelievers to believe, as making peace with him for those who were formerly enemies of God. Peacemakers are also said to be those who persuade the unbelievers to believe in God. 41 Mt 5, 13 He calls salt wisdom, with which the apostolic word is filled, which, when sown in our souls, makes the word of wisdom dwell in us, which because of its flavor and grace is compared to this; for just as without salt neither bread nor food is edible, so without apostolic understanding and teaching every soul is both foolish and tasteless and not pleasant before God. 43 Mt 5, 14 And the "a city cannot": those who are founded on faith as on a high mountain ought not to speak the word secretly or with cowardice. 44 Mt 5, 14 And you yourselves having become light by participation when you no longer live, but the light, Christ, lives in you, being able through the word to enlighten even the whole world. 46 Mt 5, 18 Instead of carnal worship, the Lord introduced "in spirit and in truth"; and perhaps the very things the Jews did not even do carnally, these the disciples of Christ now do spiritually. Therefore he says: one iota or one tittle shall not pass from the law, until all things are fulfilled. Clearly the Jews did not do all things, or if they did, they ceased from doing them, no longer being permitted to do them, partly because of the fear of kings, and partly because the temple had been destroyed, in which alone the sacrifices had to be performed. 47 Mt 5, 19 He will be called a fighter against God, he says, who sets aside the least of the commandments in the law. Therefore he is also set aside by God as one who resists him and legislates against him. 48 Mt 5, 19 He who sets aside one of the commandments of the law is set aside by God as a fighter against God and as legislating against God. And now from the evangelical law he receives the punishment, which the old law had not appointed. Therefore Christ also says consequently, "that I came not to destroy the law, but to fulfill it." For what was lacking there, he has supplied here, for example in the law it was said: "you shall rise up from before the gray-haired" and "if you see your enemy’s beast of burden fallen under its load, you shall raise it with him." If someone transgressed these, there was no punishment appointed by the law. Which Christ, fulfilling, says that in the kingdom of God such a one will be made of no account. This, therefore, he calls the least commandment, for which there was no punishment brought on by transgression. 49 Mt 5, 19 For this reason also the law of Moses accepts the cloven hoof, so that through riddles it might teach us to walk by both, by both word and deed. And I think that the cloven hoof in the law signifies this, that we should walk by word and deed, and neither act irrationally nor have a word without a deed. But if any of such things wants to be isolated, let it then be a deed and not a word; for an unbridled word has often pushed its possessors over cliffs, but a deed never. 50 Mt 5, 23 To say "if you bring your gift" and so forth signifies this, that God devised repentance as a way of salvation and an escape from punishment for sinners, and he says that the healing of the one who has been grieved will be the overturning of punishment. Since he who does not love his brother does not love the Lord, he fittingly does not accept one who is at variance with his brother, as not truly approaching him. 51 Mt 5, 23-24 Here the Savior teaches us how to escape punishment when we sin. Therefore, repentance for sins and consolation for the one grieved by us and the request for forgiveness of the sin heals the brother and propitiates God. 52 Mt 5, 25-26 The kodrantes, however, signifies the fourth of the in measure. this, according to the Hebrew language, is two obols,
φιλοποιοῦντες αὐτῷ. μακάριοι οἱ τοιοῦτοι ὡς μιμησάμενοι τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ· υἱοὶ γὰρ κληθήσονται ἀθανασίας μετασχόντες ἤτοι συμβασιλεύσουσι τῷ Χριστῷ ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ. 40 Mt 5, 9 Εἰρηνοποιοί εἰσι καὶ οἱ τοὺς ἀπίστους μεταπείθοντες πι στεῦσαι ὡς τοὺς πάλαι ἐχθροὺς τοῦ θεοῦ εἰρηνοποιοῦντες αὐτῷ. Εἰρηνοποιοὶ λέγονται καὶ οἱ πείθοντες τοὺς ἀπίστους πιστεύειν τῷ θεῷ. 41 Mt 5, 13 Ἅλας καλεῖ τὴν φρόνησιν, ἧς ἔμπλεός ἐστιν ὁ ἀποστολικὸς λόγος, ὃς σπαρεὶς ἐν ταῖς ἡμετέραις ψυχαῖς τὸν τῆς σοφίας ἡμῖν ἐνοικίζει λόγον, ὃς διὰ τὸ νόστιμον καὶ χαρίεν τούτῳ παρείκασται· ὅνπερ γὰρ τρόπον ἄνευ ἁλὸς οὔτε ἄρτος οὔτε ὄψον ἐδώδιμον, οὕτως ἄνευ τῆς ἀποστολικῆς συνέσεως καὶ διδασκαλίας πᾶσα ψυχὴ καὶ μωρὰ καὶ ἄνοστος καὶ οὐχ ἡδεῖά ἐστι παρὰ τῷ θεῷ. 43 Mt 5, 14 Τὸ δὲ οὐ δύναται πόλις· οἱ ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει ἱδρυμένοι ὡς ἐπ' ὄρους ὑψηλοῦ οὐκ ὀφείλουσι λαθραίως ἢ μετὰ δειλίας λαλεῖν τὸν λόγον. 44 Mt 5, 14 Φῶς δὲ αὐτοὶ κατὰ μετοχὴν γενόμενοι ὅτε ζῆτε οὐκέτι αὐτοί, ζῇ δὲ ἐν ὑμῖν τὸ φῶς, ὁ Χριστός, δυνάμενος διὰ λόγου καὶ ὅλον φωτίζειν τὸν κόσμον. 46 Mt 5, 18 Ἀντὶ τῆς σαρκικῆς λατρείας εἰσήγαγεν ὁ κύριος τὴν "ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ"· καὶ τάχα ἅπερ οὐδὲ σαρκικῶς ἐποίουν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, ταῦτα καὶ νῦν πνευματικῶς οἱ Χριστοῦ μαθηταὶ ποιοῦσιν. διό φησιν· ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κεραία οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ ἐκ τοῦ νόμου, ἕως ἂν πάντα γένηται. δηλονότι οὐ πάντα ἐποίησαν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, ἢ κἂν ἐποίησαν, ἐπαύ σαντο τοῦ ποιεῖν μηκέτι συγχωρούμενοι ποιῆσαι αὐτά, πῇ μὲν διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν βασιλέων, πῇ δὲ καὶ τὸ καταλελύσθαι τὸν ναόν, ἐν ᾧ μόνῳ ἔδει τὰς θυσίας ἐπιτελεῖσθαι. 47 Mt 5, 19 Θεομάχος, φησίν, κληθήσεται ὁ τὴν ἐλαχίστην τῶν ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ἐντολῶν ἀθετῶν. διὸ καὶ ἀθετεῖται παρὰ θεοῦ ὡς αὐτῷ ἀνθιστάμενος καὶ ἀντινομοθετῶν. 48 Mt 5, 19 Ὁ ἀθετῶν μίαν τῶν τοῦ νόμου ἐντολῶν ἀθετεῖται παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς θεομάχος καὶ ἀντινομοθετῶν τῷ θεῷ. καὶ νῦν ἐκ τοῦ εὐαγγελικοῦ νόμου δέχεται τὴν τιμωρίαν, ἣν νόμος πάλαι οὐκ ἦν ὁρίσας. διὸ καὶ ἀκολούθως λέγει ὁ Χριστός, "ὅτι οὐκ ἦλθον καταλῦσαι τὸν νόμον, ἀλλὰ πληρῶσαι". ὃ γὰρ ἐκεῖ ἔλειπε, ὧδε ἀνεπλήρωσεν, οἷον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ἐλέ χθη· "ἀπὸ προσώπου πολιοῦ ἐξαναστήσῃ" καὶ "ἐὰν ἴδῃς τὸ ὑποζύγιον τοῦ ἐχθροῦ σου ὑποπεπτωκὸς ὑπὸ τὸν γόμον, συνέγειρον αὐτὸ μετ' αὐτοῦ". ταῦτα εἰ παρέβη τις, οὐκ ἦν τιμωρία ὁρισθεῖσα ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου. ἣν ἀποπληρῶν ὁ Χριστός φησιν, ὅτι ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ τοιοῦτος ἐξουθενηθήσεται. ταύτην οὖν καλεῖ ἐλαχίστην ἐντολήν, ἐφ' ἣν οὐκ ἦν ἐκ παραβάσεως ἐπαγομένη κόλασις. 49 Mt 5, 19 ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Μωϋσέως νόμος τὸ διχηλοῦν δέχεται, ἵνα δι' αἰνιγμάτων ἡμᾶς διδάξῃ δι' ἀμφοτέ ρων ὁδεύειν διά τε λόγου καὶ πρά ξεως. Οἶμαι δὲ καὶ τὸ δίχηλον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ τοῦτο σημαίνειν, τὸ διὰ λόγου καὶ πράξεως ὁδεύειν ἡμᾶς καὶ μήτε πράττειν ἀλόγως μήτε λόγον ἔχειν πράξεως χωρίς. εἰ δέ τι ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων εἶναι βούλεται μεμονωμένον, πρᾶξις ἔστω λοιπὸν καὶ μὴ λόγος· λόγος γὰρ ἀχαλίνω τος κατὰ κρημνῶν ὤθησε πολλάκις τοὺς κεκτημένους, πρᾶξις δὲ οὐδέ ποτε. 50 Mt 5, 23 Τὸ εἰπεῖν ἐὰν προσφέρῃς τὸ δῶρόν σου καὶ ἑξῆς τοῦτο δηλοῖ, ὅτι τρόπον σωτηρίας καὶ διαφυγὴν τιμωρίας τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν ἐφεῦρεν ὁ θεὸς τὴν μετάγνωσιν, καὶ τὴν τοῦ λελυπημένου θεραπείαν ἀνατροπὴν ἔσεσθαι τιμωρίας φησίν. ἐπειδὴ ὁ μὴ ἀγαπῶν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, οὐκ ἀγαπᾷ τὸν κύριον, εἰκότως τὸν ὄντα ἐν λύπῃ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ οὐ προσδέ χεται ὡς μὴ ἀληθῶς αὐτῷ προσιόντα. 51 Mt 5, 23-24 ∆ιδάσκει ἡμᾶς ἐνταῦθα ὁ σωτὴρ τὴν τιμωρίαν διαφυγεῖν ἁμαρτά νοντας. ἡ τοίνυν μετάγνωσις ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασι καὶ ἡ πρὸς τὸν λυπη θέντα ἀφ' ἡμῶν παράκλησις καὶ ἡ τῆς συγχωρήσεως τοῦ ἁμαρτήματος αἴτησις καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν θεραπεύει καὶ τὸν θεόν. 52 Mt 5, 25-26 Ὁ μέντοι κοδράντης σημαίνει τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ ἲν μέτρου. οὗτος κατὰ τὴν Ἑβραίων φωνὴν δύο ἐστὶν ὀβολοί,