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the dispositions of philosophers were tamed, their savage and harsh bestiality having been changed to gentleness, so that they had deep peace, friendship, and association with one another, at that time, then, to all the rest of mankind and to the nations throughout the world, as if they had been previously benefited and were already prepared for the reception of the knowledge of the Father, that same teacher of virtues again, the minister of the Father in all good things, the divine and heavenly Word of God, appeared at the beginning of the Roman empire through a man differing in no way from our nature in the substance of his body, and he did and suffered such things as were in accordance with the prophecies, which proclaimed that one who was both man and God would come to this life, a doer of wonderful works and a teacher to all nations of piety towards the Father, and foretold the wonder of his birth and his new teaching and the miracles of his works, and in addition to these, the manner of his death and his resurrection from the dead, and above all, his divine restoration to the heav1.2.24 ens. Daniel the prophet, therefore, perceiving by the divine spirit his kingdom at the end, was inspired in this way, describing the divine vision in more human terms: “For I beheld,” he says, “until thrones were set, and the Ancient of Days did sit. And his raiment was white as snow, and the hair of his head as pure wool; his throne was a flame of fire, his wheels were burning fire. A river of fire was flowing before him. A thousand thousands ministered to him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him. 1.2.25 Judgement was set, and the books were opened.” And next, “I beheld,” he says, “and behold, with the clouds of heaven one coming as a Son of man, and he came to the Ancient of Days, and was brought before him. And to him was given the dominion and the honor and the kingdom, and all peoples, tribes, and tongues shall serve him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom shall not be destroyed.” 1.2.26 And these things could clearly be referred to no other than our Savior, the Word who was in the beginning with God, God the Word, who is called Son of man on account of his final incarnation. 1.2.27 But since in our own commentaries we have collected the prophetic selections concerning our Savior Jesus Christ, and have more demonstratively established in other works the things declared concerning him, for the present we shall be content with what has been said. 1.3.1 That the very name of Jesus, and indeed of Christ, was honored among the ancient God-loving prophets, it is now 1.3.2 time to show. Moses himself, first making known the most august and glorious name of Christ, delivering types of heavenly things and symbols and mystical images in accordance with the oracle that said to him, “See, you shall make all things according to the pattern shown to you on the mountain,” having designated a high priest of God, as far as it was possible for a man, proclaims him Christ, and to this dignity of the high priesthood, which surpassed all preeminence among men in his eyes, he attaches the name of Christ for honor and glory; so truly he knew Christ to be 1.3.3 a divine being. And he, having clearly foreseen by the divine spirit the name of Jesus also, deems this too worthy of some special privilege. For the name of Jesus, never before uttered among men until it was made known to Moses, Moses bestows on him first and alone, whom he knew by type and symbol would succeed to the rule over all after his own death. 1.3.4 Indeed, his successor, who was not before called by the name of Jesus but by another name, Auses, which his parents had given him, he himself names Jesus, bestowing the name upon him as an honorable reward, far greater than any royal diadem, because he himself, the son of Nave,

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φιλοσόφων ἡμέρωτο τὰ φρονήματα, τῆς ἀγρίας καὶ ἀπηνοῦς θηριωδίας ἐπὶ τὸ πρᾶον μεταβεβλημένης, ὡς καὶ εἰρήνην βαθεῖαν φιλίας τε καὶ ἐπιμιξίας πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἔχειν, τηνικαῦτα πᾶσι δὴ λοιπὸν ἀνθρώποις καὶ τοῖς ἀνὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην ἔθνεσιν ὡς ἂν προωφελημένοις καὶ ἤδη τυγχάνουσιν ἐπιτηδείοις πρὸς παραδοχὴν τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς γνώσεως, ὁ αὐτὸς δὴ πάλιν ἐκεῖνος ὁ τῶν ἀρετῶν διδάσκαλος, ὁ ἐν πᾶσιν ἀγαθοῖς τοῦ πατρὸς ὑπουργός, ὁ θεῖος καὶ οὐράνιος τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος, δι' ἀνθρώπου κατὰ μηδὲν σώματος οὐσίᾳ τὴν ἡμετέραν φύσιν διαλλάττοντος ἀρχομένης τῆς Ῥωμαίων βασιλείας ἐπιφανείς, τοιαῦτα ἔδρασέν τε καὶ πέπονθεν, οἷα ταῖς προφητείαις ἀκόλουθα ἦν, ἄνθρωπον ὁμοῦ καὶ θεὸν ἐπιδημήσειν τῷ βίῳ παραδόξων ἔργων ποιητὴν καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν ἔθνεσιν διδάσκαλον τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς εὐσεβείας ἀναδειχθήσεσθαι τό τε παράδοξον αὐτοῦ τῆς γενέσεως καὶ τὴν καινὴν διδασκαλίαν καὶ τῶν ἔργων τὰ θαύματα ἐπί τε τούτοις τοῦ θανάτου τὸν τρόπον τήν τε ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν τὴν εἰς οὐρα1.2.24 νοὺς ἔνθεον ἀποκατάστασιν αὐτοῦ προκηρυττούσαις. τὴν γοῦν ἐπὶ τέλει βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ ∆ανιὴλ ὁ προφήτης θείῳ πνεύματι συνορῶν, ὧδέ πῃ ἐθεοφορεῖτο, ἀνθρωπινώτερον τὴν θεοπτίαν ὑπογράφων· «ἐθεώρουν γὰρ» φησὶν «ἕως οὗ θρόνοι ἐτέθησαν, καὶ παλαιὸς ἡμερῶν ἐκάθητο. καὶ τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ ὡς εἰ χιὼν λευκόν, καὶ ἡ θρὶξ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ ὡς εἰ ἔριον καθαρόν· ὁ θρόνος αὐτοῦ φλὸξ πυρός, οἱ τροχοὶ αὐτοῦ πῦρ φλέγον· ποταμὸς πυρὸς εἷλκεν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ. χίλιαι χιλιάδες ἐλειτούργουν αὐτῷ, καὶ μύριαι μυριάδες παρειστήκεισαν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ. 1.2.25 κριτήριον ἐκάθισεν, καὶ βίβλοι ἠνεῴχθησαν». καὶ ἑξῆς «ἐθεώρουν», φησὶν «καὶ ἰδοὺ μετὰ τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ὡς εἰ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐρχόμενος, καὶ ἕως τοῦ παλαιοῦ τῶν ἡμερῶν ἔφθασεν, καὶ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ προσηνέχθη· καὶ αὐτῷ ἐδόθη ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ ἡ τιμὴ καὶ ἡ βασιλεία, καὶ πάντες οἱ λαοὶ φυλαὶ γλῶσσαι αὐτῷ δουλεύσουσιν. ἡ ἐξουσία αὐτοῦ ἐξουσία αἰώνιος, ἥτις οὐ παρελεύσεται· καὶ ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ οὐ διαφθαρήσεται». 1.2.26 ταῦτα δὲ σαφῶς οὐδ' ἐφ' ἕτερον, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὸν ἡμέτερον σωτῆρα, τὸν ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν θεὸν λόγον, ἀναφέροιτο ἄν, υἱὸν ἀνθρώπου διὰ τὴν ὑστάτην ἐνανθρώπησιν αὐτοῦ χρηματίζοντα. 1.2.27 ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἐν οἰκείοις ὑπομνήμασιν τὰς περὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ προφητικὰς ἐκλογὰς συναγαγόντες ἀποδεικτικώτερόν τε τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ δηλούμενα ἐν ἑτέροις συστήσαντες, τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος ἀρκεσθησόμεθα. 1.3.1 Ὅτι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸ τοὔνομα τοῦ τε Ἰησοῦ καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρ' αὐτοῖς τοῖς πάλαι θεοφιλέσιν προφήταις τετίμητο, ἤδη 1.3.2 καιρὸς ἀποδεικνύναι. σεπτὸν ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα καὶ ἔνδοξον τὸ Χριστοῦ ὄνομα πρῶτος αὐτὸς γνωρίσας Μωυσῆς τύπους οὐρανίων καὶ σύμβολα μυστηριώδεις τε εἰκόνας ἀκολούθως χρησμῷ φήσαντι αὐτῷ «ὅρα, ποιήσεις πάντα κατὰ τὸν τύπον τὸν δειχθέντα σοι ἐν τῷ ὄρει» παραδούς, ἀρχιερέα θεοῦ, ὡς ἐνῆν μάλιστα δυνατὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἐπιφημίσας, τοῦτον Χριστὸν ἀναγορεύει, καὶ ταύτῃ γε τῇ κατὰ τὴν ἀρχιερωσύνην ἀξίᾳ, πᾶσαν ὑπερβαλλούσῃ παρ' αὐτῷ τὴν ἐν ἀνθρώποις προεδρίαν, ἐπὶ τιμῇ καὶ δόξῃ τὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ περιτίθησιν ὄνομα· οὕτως ἄρα τὸν Χριστὸν 1.3.3 θεῖόν τι χρῆμα ἠπίστατο. ὁ δ' αὐτὸς καὶ τὴν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ προσηγορίαν εὖ μάλα πνεύματι θείῳ προϊδών, πάλιν τινὸς ἐξαιρέτου προνομίας καὶ ταύτην ἀξιοῖ. οὔποτε γοῦν πρότερον ἐκφωνηθὲν εἰς ἀνθρώπους, πρὶν ἢ Μωυσεῖ γνωσθῆναι, τὸ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ πρόσρημα τούτῳ Μωυσῆς πρώτῳ καὶ μόνῳ περιτίθησιν, ὃν κατὰ τύπον αὖθις καὶ σύμβολον ἔγνω μετὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ τελευτὴν δια1.3.4 δεξόμενον τὴν κατὰ πάντων ἀρχήν. οὐ πρότερον γοῦν τὸν αὐτοῦ διάδοχον, τῇ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ κεχρημένον προσηγορίᾳ, ὀνόματι δὲ ἑτέρῳ τῷ Αὐσῇ, ὅπερ οἱ γεννήσαντες αὐτῷ τέθεινται, καλούμενον, Ἰησοῦν αὐτὸς ἀναγορεύει, γέρας ὥσπερ τίμιον, παντὸς πολὺ μεῖζον βασιλικοῦ διαδήματος, τοὔνομα αὐτῷ δωρούμενος, ὅτι δὴ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ τοῦ Ναυῆ