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We shall bring those who contradict to this belief. They believe that all things have come to be by Word and Wisdom from the one who established the universe, or do they even hold this assumption with difficulty? But if they do not grant that a Word and Wisdom guides the constitution of existing things, they will assign irrationality and artlessness to the beginning of the universe. But if this is both absurd and impious, it is altogether agreed that they will confess that Word and Wisdom rule over existing things. But indeed, in the preceding arguments it has been shown that the Word of God is not this very utterance, or a disposition of some knowledge or wisdom, but a certain power subsisting in essence, choosing every good and possessing by its power everything according to its choice; and since the world is good, that the power that chooses and makes good things is the cause. But if the subsistence of the entire world depends upon the power of the Word, as the sequence of argument has shown, it is altogether necessary for the parts of the world also not to conceive of any other cause for their constitution, but the Word himself, through whom all things had their passage into being. But whether anyone should wish to call him Word, or Wisdom, or Power, or God, or anything else of the high and honorable names, we shall not dispute. For whatever verb or noun might be found indicative of the subject, the one thing signified by the words is the eternal power of God, the creator of existing things, the finder of things that are not, the sustainer of things that have come to be, the foreseer of things to come. This, then, the God Word, the Wisdom, the Power, has been shown accordingly to be the maker of human nature, not led by some necessity to the creation of man, but having crafted the genesis of such a living being out of an abundance of love. For it was necessary neither for the light to be unseen, nor the glory without witness, nor goodness to be unenjoyed, nor all the other things that are observed in the divine nature to lie idle, for lack of one who partakes and enjoys. If, therefore, for these reasons man comes into being, in order to become a partaker of the divine goods, he is necessarily constructed in such a way as to be suitably disposed for the participation of the goods. For just as the eye, through the radiance naturally present in it, comes into communion with the light, drawing to itself what is kindred through its innate power, so it was necessary that something kindred to the divine be mingled in human nature, so that through what is suitable it might have a yearning for what is its own. For indeed, even in the nature of irrational creatures, as many as have received an aquatic and aerial life, each has been constructed suitably to the form of its life, so that for the one, air, and for the other, water, is its own and connatural through the particular formation of its body. So, therefore, man also, having come into being for the enjoyment of the divine goods, had to have something in his nature kindred to what is partaken of. For this reason he was also adorned with life and reason and wisdom and all the god-befitting goods, so that through each of these he might have a desire for what is his own. Since, therefore, one of the goods concerning the divine nature is also eternity, it was altogether necessary that the constitution of our nature not be excluded from this either, but that it have in itself the immortal, so that through its inherent power it might both know that which is higher and be in desire of the divine eternity. These things, indeed, the account of the world’s creation indicated with a comprehensive voice through one phrase, saying that man came to be in the image of God. For in the likeness according to the image is the enumeration of all things that characterize the divine, and whatever Moses relates more historically about these things, setting forth doctrines for us in the form of a narrative, holds to the same teaching. For that paradise and the property of the fruits, the eating of which gives not fullness of the belly but knowledge and eternity of life to those who taste, all these things are in harmony with what has been previously considered concerning man, that our nature was at first good and among good things. But perhaps one who looks at the present circumstances contradicts what has been said and thinks to refute the argument as not being true, on the grounds that we are not now in those circumstances,

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τούτου πίστιν τοὺς ἀντιλέγοντας προσαξόμεθα. λόγῳ τὰ πάντα γεγενῆσθαι καὶ σοφίᾳ παρὰ τοῦ τὸ πᾶν συστησαμένου πιστεύουσιν, ἢ καὶ πρὸς ταύτην δυσ πειθῶς ἔχουσι τὴν ὑπόληψιν. ἀλλ' εἰ μὴ δοῖεν λόγον καθηγεῖσθαι καὶ σοφίαν τῆς τῶν ὄντων συστάσεως, ἀλογίαν τε καὶ ἀτεχνίαν τῇ ἀρχῇ τοῦ παντὸς ἐπιστή σουσιν. εἰ δὲ τοῦτο ἄτοπόν τε καὶ ἀσεβές, ὁμολογεῖται πάντως ὅτι λόγον τε καὶ σοφίαν ἡγεμονεύειν τῶν ὄντων ὁμολογήσουσιν. ἀλλὰ μὴν ἐν τοῖς φθάσασιν ἀποδέδεικται μὴ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ῥῆμα ὢν ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος, ἢ ἕξις ἐπιστήμης τινὸς ἢ σοφίας, ἀλλὰ κατ' οὐσίαν τις ὑφεστῶσα δύναμις, προαιρετική τε παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ καὶ ἐν ἰσχύι πᾶν τὸ κατὰ προαίρεσιν ἔχουσα· ἀγαθοῦ δὲ ὄντος τοῦ κόσμου τὴν τῶν ἀγαθῶν προεκτικήν τε καὶ ποιητικὴν δύναμιν αἰτίαν εἶναι. εἰ δὲ τοῦ κόσμου παντὸς ἡ ὑπόστασις τῆς τοῦ λόγου δυνάμεως ἐξῆπται, καθὼς ἡ ἀκολουθία παρέδειξεν, ἀνάγκη πᾶσα καὶ τῶν τοῦ κόσμου μερῶν μὴ ἄλλην ἐπινοεῖν αἰτίαν τινὰ τῆς συστάσεως, ἀλλ' ἢ τὸν λόγον αὐτόν, δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα τὴν εἰς τὸ γενέσθαι πάροδον ἔσχε. τοῦτον δὲ εἴτε λόγον, εἴτε σοφίαν, εἴτε δύναμιν, εἴτε θεόν, εἴτε ἄλλο τι τῶν ὑψηλῶν τε καὶ τιμίων ὀνομάζειν τις ἐθέλοι, οὐ διοισόμεθα. ὅ τι γὰρ ἂν εὑρεθῇ δεικτικὸν τοῦ ὑπο κειμένου ῥῆμα ἢ ὄνομα, ἕν ἐστι τὸ διὰ τῶν φωνῶν σημαινόμενον, ἡ ἀίδιος τοῦ θεοῦ δύναμις, ἡ ποιητικὴ τῶν ὄντων, ἡ εὑρετικὴ τῶν μὴ ὄντων, ἡ συνεκτικὴ τῶν γεγονότων, ἡ προορατικὴ τῶν μελλόντων. οὗτος τοίνυν ὁ θεὸς λόγος, ἡ σοφία, ἡ δύναμις, ἀπεδείχθη κατὰ τὸ ἀκόλουθον τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως ποιητής, οὐκ ἀνάγκῃ τινὶ πρὸς τὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κατασκευὴν ἐναχθείς, ἀλλ' ἀγάπης περιουσίᾳ τοῦ τοιούτου ζῴου δημιουργήσας τὴν γένεσιν. ἔδει γὰρ μήτε τὸ φῶς ἀθέατον, μήτε τὴν δόξαν ἀμάρτυρον, μήτε ἀναπόλαυστον εἶναι τὴν ἀγαθότητα, μήτε τὰ ἄλλα πάντα, ὅσα περὶ τὴν θείαν καθορᾶται φύσιν, ἀργὰ κεῖσθαι, μὴ ὄντος τοῦ μετέχοντός τε καὶ ἀπολαύοντος. εἰ τοίνυν ἐπὶ τούτοις ὁ ἄνθρωπος εἰς γένεσιν ἔρχεται, ἐφ' ᾧ τε μέτοχος τῶν θείων ἀγαθῶν γενέσθαι, ἀναγκαίως τοιοῦτος κατασκευάζεται, ὡς ἐπιτηδείως πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀγαθῶν μετουσίαν ἔχειν. καθάπερ γὰρ ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς διὰ τῆς ἐγκειμένης αὐτῷ φυσικῶς αὐγῆς ἐν κοινωνίᾳ τοῦ φωτὸς γίνεται, διὰ τῆς ἐμφύτου δυνάμεως τὸ συγγενὲς ἐφελκόμενος, οὕτως ἀναγκαῖον ἦν ἐγκραθῆναί τι τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ φύσει συγγενὲς πρὸς τὸ θεῖον, ὡς ἂν διὰ τοῦ καταλλήλου πρὸς τὸ οἰκεῖον τὴν ἔφεσιν ἔχοι. καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐν τῇ τῶν ἀλόγων φύσει, ὅσα τὸν ἔνυδρον καὶ ἐναέριον ἔλαχε βίον, καταλλήλως ἕκαστον τῷ τῆς ζωῆς εἴδει κατε σκεύασται, ὡς οἰκεῖον ἑκατέρου καὶ ὁμόφυλον διὰ τῆς ποιᾶς τοῦ σώματος διαπλάσεως τῷ μὲν τὸν ἀέρα, τῷ δὲ τὸ ὕδωρ εἶναι. οὕτως οὖν καὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν θείων ἀγαθῶν ἀπολαύσει γενόμενον ἔδει τι συγγενὲς ἐν τῇ φύσει πρὸς τὸ μετεχόμενον ἔχειν. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ζωῇ καὶ λόγῳ καὶ σοφίᾳ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς θεοπρεπέσιν ἀγαθοῖς κατε κοσμήθη, ὡς ἂν δι' ἑκάστου τούτων πρὸς τὸ οἰκεῖον τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχοι. ἐπεὶ οὖν ἓν τῶν περὶ τὴν θείαν φύσιν ἀγαθῶν καὶ ἡ ἀιδιότης ἐστίν, ἔδει πάντως μηδὲ τούτου τὴν κατασκευὴν εἶναι τῆς φύσεως ἡμῶν ἀπόκληρον, ἀλλ' ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῇ τὸ ἀθάνατον, ὡς ἂν διὰ τῆς ἐγκειμένης δυνάμεως γνωρίζοι τε τὸ ὑπερκείμενον καὶ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ τῆς θείας ἀιδιότητος εἴη. ταῦτά τοι περιληπτικῇ φωνῇ δι' ἑνὸς ῥήματος ὁ τῆς κοσμογονίας ἐνεδείξατο λόγος, κατ' εἰκόνα θεοῦ τὸν ἄνθρωπον γεγενῆσθαι λέγων· ἐν γὰρ τῇ ὁμοιώσει τῇ κατὰ τὴν εἰκόνα πάντων ἐστὶ τῶν τὸ θεῖον χαρακτηριζόντων ἡ ἀπαρίθμησις, καὶ ὅσα περὶ τούτων ἱστορικώτερον ὁ Μωσῆς διεξέρχεται, ἐν διηγήσεως εἴδει δόγματα ἡμῖν παρατιθέμενος, τῆς αὐτῆς ἔχεται διδασ καλίας. ὁ γὰρ παράδεισος ἐκεῖνος καὶ ἡ τῶν καρπῶν ἰδιότης, ὧν ἡ βρῶσις οὐ γαστρὸς πλησμονήν, ἀλλὰ γνῶσιν καὶ ἀιδιότητα ζωῆς τοῖς γευσαμένοις δίδωσι, πάντα ταῦτα συνᾴδει τοῖς προτεθεωρημένοις περὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὡς ἀγαθῆς τε καὶ ἐν ἀγαθοῖς οὔσης κατ' ἀρχὰς ἡμῖν τῆς φύσεως. ἀλλ' ἀντιλέγει τυχὸν τοῖς εἰρημένοις ὁ πρὸς τὰ παρόντα βλέπων καὶ οἴεται διελέγχειν τὸν λόγον οὐκ ἀληθεύοντα τῷ μὴ ἐν ἐκείνοις νῦν,