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to show the proposed hypothesis, it was possible for one who wished to fit this psalm to those events; but if the one spoken concerning those things is clear, and this one has a different hypothesis, let us not, I beseech you, let us not confuse the divine things, nor let us resolve that our own reasonings are more authoritative than the doctrines spoken by the Spirit. What then is the inscription? For the eighth, it says. And what is the eighth, but the great and manifest day of the Lord, which burns like a furnace, which prepares even the powers above to tremble (For the powers of the heavens, it says, will be shaken), which shows the fire running before that king then? And he called it the eighth, signifying the changed state of things, and the renewal of the life to come. For the present life is nothing other than one week, beginning from the first day, and ending on the seventh, and again cycling through the same intervals, and ascending to the same beginning, and descending to the end. Therefore one could never call the Lord's day the eighth day, but the first; for the cycle of the week does not extend to an eighth number. 47.416 But when all these things cease and are dissolved, then the course of the eighth is brought into the midst; for it does not run back again to the beginning, but holds to the subsequent intervals. The prophet, therefore, from great compunction, had the memory of the judgment inscribed continually, and that day he perpetually turned over in his mind with so much care and delight, which we in afflictions barely bring to memory; and continually pondering His judgments he wrote this psalm. And what does he say? O Lord, rebuke me not in your anger, nor chasten me in your wrath; by anger and wrath meaning the intensity of the punishment, for he knows the Divine is free from all passion, although indeed he was conscious in himself of deeds worthy not of punishment nor vengeance, but of honor and crowns. For both the faith, through which he brought down the tower of the foreigners, and rescued the whole nation of the Jews from the very gates of death, and the beneficence shown to the one who had wronged him once and twice and many times, and before these the decree of God brought forth concerning him, are sufficient to show all the virtue of the man, and even more than his achievements themselves. For deeds, even if they are great and wonderful, might yet be suspected of evil, even if the achievements of the righteous one were especially free from all suspicion; but when God is the one who bears witness, the decree is beyond all suspicion; for unless he had demonstrated the most exact testing of virtue, he would not have obtained the proclamation in the heavens. What then does God say concerning him? I have found David the son of Jesse, a man after my own heart. But nevertheless after such a judgment and so many heroic deeds, he uttered the words of the condemned, and of those having no boldness toward God, fulfilling that gospel saying, "When you have done all things, say, 'We are unworthy servants.'" What more than these things did that publican say, who was truly full of countless evils, who did not endure even to look up to heaven, nor to extend a long speech, nor dared to stand near the Pharisee? For the one reproached him, saying, "I am not like the rest of men, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even like this publican;" but the other, as if hearing nothing offensive, even accepted what was said, and not only was not indignant, but even honored that insolent and boastful man with such honor, as to consider himself not even worthy of the ground trodden by him; and he said not a word, except to confess his own sins; but beating his breast

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ὑπόθεσιν δεῖξαι προγεγραμμένην, ἐνῆν τῷ βουλομένῳ τοῦτον ἐκείνοις ἁρμόσαι τοῖς πράγμασι τὸν ψαλμόν· εἰ δὲ ὁ ἐπ' ἐκείνοις λεχθεὶς δῆλός ἐστιν, οὗτος δὲ ἑτέραν ἔχει τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, μὴ, παρακαλῶ, μὴ συγχέωμεν τὰ θεῖα, μηδὲ τῶν ὑπὸ Πνεύματος εἰρημένων δογμάτων κυριωτέρους εἶναι τοὺς ἡμετέρους ψηφιζώμεθα λογισμούς. Τίς οὖν ἐστιν ἡ ἐπιγραφή; Ὑπὲρ τῆς ὀγδόης, φησί. Τίς δέ ἐστιν ἡ ὀγδόη, ἀλλ' ἢ ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ Κυρίου ἡ μεγάλη καὶ ἐπιφανὴς, ἡ ὡς κλίβανος καιομένη, ἡ καὶ τὰς ἄνω δυνάμεις τρέμειν παρασκευάζουσα Σεισθήσονται γὰρ, φησὶ, καὶ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἡ πῦρ δεικνύουσα προτρέχον τοῦ βασιλέως τότε ἐκείνου; Ὀγδόην δὲ αὐτὴν ἐκάλεσε, τὸ τῆς καταστάσεως ἐνηλλαγμένον ἐμφαίνων, καὶ τῆς μελλούσης ζωῆς τὴν ἀνανέωσιν. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ παρὼν βίος οὐδὲν ἕτερόν ἐστιν, ἀλλ' ἢ ἑβδομὰς μία, ἀρχόμενος μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας, τελευτῶν δὲ εἰς τὴν ἑβδόμην, καὶ πάλιν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἀνακυκλούμενος διαστήμασι, καὶ εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν ἀνιὼν ἀρχὴν, καὶ καταβαίνων εἰς τὴν τελευτήν. ∆ιόπερ ὀγδόην ἡμέραν οὐκ ἄν τις εἴποι ποτὲ τὴν Κυριακὴν, ἀλλὰ πρώτην· οὐ γὰρ ἐκτείνεται εἰς ὄγδοον ἀριθμὸν ὁ τῆς ἑβδομάδος κύκλος. 47.416 Ὅταν δὲ ταῦτα πάντα παύσηται καὶ καταλυθῇ, τότε ὁ τῆς ὀγδοάδος δρόμος εἰς μέσον ἄγεται· οὐ γὰρ ἀνατρέχει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἑξῆς ἔχεται διαστημάτων. Ὁ τοίνυν προφήτης ὑπὸ πολλῆς κατανύξεως ἐγγεγραμμένην τῆς κρίσεως τὴν μνήμην εἶχε διαπαντὸς, καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην ἐν τοσαύτῃ θεραπείᾳ καὶ τρυφῇ διηνεκῶς ἔστρεφε παρ' ἑαυτῷ, ἣν ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσι μόλις ἡμεῖς εἰς μνήμην λαμβάνομεν· καὶ τὰ κρίματα αὐτοῦ συνεχῶς ἀναλογιζόμενος τοῦτον ἔγραψε τὸν ψαλμόν. Καὶ τί φησι; Κύριε, μὴ τῷ θυμῷ σου ἐλέγξῃς με, μηδὲ τῇ ὀργῇ σου παιδεύσῃς με· θυμὸν καὶ ὀργὴν λέγων τὴν ἐπίτασιν τῆς τιμωρίας οἶδε γὰρ παντὸς πάθους τὸ Θεῖον ἀπηλλαγμένον, καίτοι γε ἑαυτῷ συνειδὼς οὐ κολάσεως οὐδὲ τιμωρίας, ἀλλὰ τιμῆς ἄξια καὶ στεφάνων. Ἥ τε γὰρ πίστις, δι' ἧς κατήνεγκε τὸν τῶν ἀλλοφύλων πύργον, καὶ τὸ πᾶν τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἔθνος ἐξ αὐτῶν ἥρπασε τῶν τοῦ θανάτου πυλῶν, ἥ τε εἰς τὸν ἠδικηκότα εὐεργεσία γενομένη καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δὶς καὶ πολλάκις, καὶ πρὸ τούτων ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ περὶ αὐτοῦ ψῆφος ἐξενεχθεῖσα, πᾶσαν ἱκανὴ δεῖξαι τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τὴν ἀρετὴν, καὶ τῶν κατορθωμάτων μᾶλλον αὐτῶν. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἔργα, κἂν ᾖ μεγάλα καὶ θαυμαστὰ, ὅμως πονηρὰ ὑποπτευθῆναι δύναιτ' ἂν, εἰ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα πάσης ὑποψίας ἀπήλλακτο τοῦ δικαίου τὰ κατορθώματα· ὅταν δὲ ὁ Θεὸς ὁ μαρτυρῶν ᾖ, πάσης ἐκτὸς ὑποψίας ἡ ψῆφός ἐστιν· οὐ γὰρ, εἰ μὴ τὴν ἀκριβεστάτην βάσανον τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπεδείξατο, τῆς ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἀνακηρύξεως ἔτυχεν ἄν. Τί οὖν ὁ Θεός φησι περὶ αὐτοῦ; Εὗρον ∆αυῒδ τὸν τοῦ Ἰεσσαὶ, ἄνδρα κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν μου. Ἀλλ' ὅμως μετὰ τὴν τοιαύτην κρίσιν καὶ τὰς τοσαύτας ἀνδραγαθίας, τὰ τῶν κατεγνωσμένων ἐφθέγγετο ῥήματα, καὶ οὐδεμίαν ἐχόντων παῤῥησίαν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, πληρῶν ἐκεῖνο τὸ εὐαγγελικὸν, τὸ, Ὅταν πάντα ποιήσητε, λέγετε, ὅτι Ἀχρεῖοι δοῦλοί ἐσμεν. Τί τούτων πλέον ἐφθέγξατο ὁ ὄντως μυρίων γέμων κακῶν ὁ τελώνης ἐκεῖνος, ὁ μηδὲ ἀναβλέψαι εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ὑπομένων, μηδὲ μακρὸν κατατεῖναι λόγον, μηδὲ πλησίον στῆναι τοῦ Φαρισαίου τολμῶν; Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ὠνείδιζεν αὐτὸν λέγων, ὅτι Οὐκ εἰμὶ ὡς οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἅρπαγες, ἄδικοι, μοιχοὶ, ἢ καὶ ὡς οὗτος ὁ τελώνης· ὁ δὲ ὡς μηδὲν ἀκούσας δυσχερὲς καὶ κατεδέξατο τὸ λεχθὲν, καὶ οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἠγανάκτησεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν ὑβριστὴν ἐκεῖνον καὶ ἀλαζόνα τοσαύτῃ τετίμηκε τιμῇ, ὡς μηδὲ τῆς πατουμένης ὑπ' ἐκείνου γῆς ἄξιον εἶναι νομίζειν ἑαυτόν· καὶ ῥῆμα μὲν εἶπεν οὐδὲν, πλὴν ὅσον τὰς ἁμαρτίας ὁμολογῆσαι τὰς ἑαυτοῦ· τὰ δὲ στέρνα τύπτων